受猪笼草启发的多孔微腔低冰黏附防除冰表面

目的 提高光滑液体注入表面(SLIPS)的防/除冰耐用性。方法 将镍箔完全浸没在无水乙醇中,使用飞秒激光照射无水乙醇环境中的镍箔表面诱导出立体多孔纳米微腔阵列结构,并使用氟硅烷改性增加表面对硅油的亲和力,最后用50 cSt的硅油旋涂在改性后的表面上。通过扫描电镜和光学显微镜对立体多孔纳米微腔结构进行形貌分析,并通过延缓结冰试验、冰黏附强度测试和高温蒸发试验,分别评价该SLIPS的延缓结冰性能、冰黏附强度和防除冰耐用性。结果 在立体多孔纳米微腔结构的毛细作用下,具有亲油憎水性的立体多孔纳米微腔表面上的蒸馏水滴也会被钉扎。相比非结构化表面,该SLIPS将延缓结冰时间提升了2.8倍,同时,在低温高湿度环境中,实现了冷凝水的自去除。在80 ℃高温环境下的蒸发10 min后进行结冰/除冰操作,10个周期后,该SLIPS的接触角(θCA)为110°,滑动角(θSA)为8.5°,以及冰黏附强度参数(τice)为3.6 kPa。结论 利用飞秒激光加工无水乙醇环境中的镍箔表面生成的立体纳米多孔微腔阵列结构能够减少SLIPS表面的润滑剂损失,可有效提高防除冰SLIPS的耐用性。     

复合梯度楔形表面上液滴自输运特性的数值研究

目的 提高表面液滴的自输运速率。方法 在表面引入润湿梯度和楔形形状,基于VOF模型(流体体积模型)对表面液滴运动进行数值研究,并建立一种适用于润湿梯度和楔形图案联合的模型,分析润湿梯度和楔形角度对液滴位移的影响。结果 润湿梯度越大,液滴受不平衡的表面张力越大,液滴移动速度越快。润湿梯度为15 (°)/mm表面上液滴的平均速度比10、5 (°)/mm润湿梯度的表面分别快42.3%和130%。楔角越大,加速阶段的液滴移动速度越快,但会越早失去驱动力而停止移动,而楔角越小,液滴移动位移越大。液滴在40°楔角表面最先停止运动,在20°楔角表面位移比30°和40°楔角表面分别远10.3%和32.3%。联合润湿梯度和楔形图案后,15 (°)/mm表面上的液滴在20°、30°、40°和20°楔角表面上的液滴在15、10 (°)/mm下均能运动到计算模型出口,且15 (°)/mm、40°楔角表面液滴的平均速度达到292 mm/s,比单一梯度表面增长37.7%,比单一楔形图案表面(20°)增长175.5%。结论 通过调节润湿梯度和楔形角度,可有效控制液滴移动速度。联合润湿梯度和楔形图案的复合梯度楔形表面能同时减小润湿性范围瓶颈和楔形形状制约,提高表面液滴的移动速度和距离。研究结果将有助于设计高效的液滴输运功能表面,并可将其扩展到冷凝装置、微流体装置和药物检测等领域。     

纳米液滴撞击润湿梯度表面的分子动力学模拟

目的 研究在液滴撞击固体表面的过程中,撞击速度和润湿梯度对液滴运动的影响。方法 采用分子动力学方法模拟纳米液滴以不同初始下落速度v0撞击带有润湿梯度的固体表面,通过改变固体表面纳米方柱的间隙来构建润湿梯度,方柱间隙越小则接触角越小、润湿性能越好。结果 当v0为0.3~1.1 nm/ps时,液滴撞击固体表面后沿固体表面朝着润湿性较强的方向移动;在v0为0.7~1.1 nm/ps时,液滴出现了二次铺展;受到液滴的初始动能和钉扎效应的影响,液滴质心离开润湿梯度表面时的移动速度vt出现了2个拐点。当v0为1.2~1.5 nm/ps时,液滴在撞击固体表面后会发生弹跳,此时液滴在v0垂直方向的速度分量随着v0的增大呈线性增大趋势,而在v0水平方向的速度分量为定值(0.017 nm/ps);液滴的弹跳速度v和弹跳角α会随着v0的增大而增大。结论 在液滴撞击带有润湿梯度的固体表面的过程中,最大铺展因子βmax与v0近似呈线性关系;低速液滴撞击固体表面后会被捕捉,并沿着润湿性强的方向移动,提出了不同撞击速度区间中vt与v0的关系式;高速液滴在撞击后会沿着润湿性较好的一侧发生弹跳,提出了液滴弹跳速度、角度与v0的关系式。     

四棱锥复合梯度表面液滴的定向移动

目的 探究出能使液滴移动距离达到最大的复合表面制备手段,以及液滴在其表面的移动机理及影响因素。方法 采用电火花加工技术在H62黄铜表面制备四棱锥结构构建结构梯度,并通过化学刻蚀在四棱锥表面制备润湿梯度,从而形成复合梯度结构。分别使用扫描电子显微镜和高速摄像机观察复合表面的微观结构与试件表面液滴的移动过程。结果 复合结构表面不仅具有不对称几何形状引起的拉普拉斯压力,其上的液滴还会受到不平衡表面张力的作用。润湿梯度提供的不平衡表面张力与结构梯度形成的拉普拉斯压力共同组成驱动合力,令液滴在相较单一梯度表面表现出更强的移动性能。对比分析侧面夹角等因素对液滴定向移动的影响规律后得出,经化学蚀刻后的复合表面,液滴移动距离提升明显,并且移动距离增加量与夹角β成正比。在结构梯度与润湿梯度的共同作用下,液滴在β=5°的试件表面上定向移动距离达到最大,最大移动距离Lmax=6.96 mm。结论 相较于单一梯度表面,复合型液滴定向移动表面可以获得最长的移动距离,表现出良好的应用前景。制备方法上,电火花线切割与化学刻蚀操作简单,成本低廉,有助于推动制备大批量液滴定向移动复合表面的相关研究。     

低共熔溶剂中超疏水结构的一步电沉积制备及性能研究

目的 实现电沉积镀层表面微纳分级结构的简单构筑,赋予其优异的超疏水特性。方法 以氯化胆碱-尿素低共熔溶剂为溶剂,加入一定比例的氯化镍和硬脂酸溶解后得到电解液,通过调节电沉积时间得到一系列不同形貌的硬脂酸镍镀层。利用SEM、FTIR和XPS等表征技术研究了沉积时间对所制备镀层形貌和组成的影响,利用接触角测量仪探究了不同形貌硬脂酸镍的超疏水性和化学稳定性,利用电化学工作站考察了超疏水镀层的耐腐蚀性。结果 在低共熔溶剂中通过一步电沉积法得到不同形貌结构的硬脂酸镍镀层,其表面形貌与沉积时间密切相关。沉积初期呈现纳米片状结构,随着沉积进行,硬脂酸镍纳米片逐渐堆积、交叉,最终形成花状微纳分级结构。得益于其独特的微纳分级结构和自身低表面能特性,花状硬脂酸镍镀层不仅具有优异的超疏水性(θWCA=(157.3±1.9)°,θSA=(3.6±1.1)°)和自清洁特性,还对强酸、强碱以及盐溶液表现出优异的化学稳定性。与纳米片状和零散花状的硬脂酸镍相比,花状微纳分级结构的硬脂酸镍的耐腐蚀性(Jcorr=1.75×10⁻⁶ A/cm²)分别提高了20倍和7倍。结论 以低共熔溶剂为电解液,通过控制沉积时间可实现镀层表面微纳分级结构的调控与构筑,进而获得性能优异的超疏水镀层。     

热处理对钛合金激光填药芯焊丝焊接接头组织和性能的影响

通过激光填丝焊接方法并采用自主开发设计的钛合金药芯焊丝，进行TC4钛合金板的焊接，对获得的焊接接头进行920 ℃/1 h+650 ℃/2 h固溶时效处理，并与焊态焊接接头的组织性能进行对比分析。结果表明：热处理态焊接接头焊缝由α_p相、α_s相集束、α_gb相典型的三态组织及点状分布的残留β相构成，未见焊态焊缝中的α''马氏体组织，使焊缝的强度-塑性-韧性得以兼顾；热处理态焊接接头强度降低但延伸率和室温冲击韧性增加；热处理态焊接接头拉伸断口由大量撕裂唇包围，韧窝深且均匀，呈微孔聚合韧性断裂。焊态焊接接头中焊缝区晶粒间的取向差大于15°的大角度晶界占比约83.78%；热处理态焊接接头焊缝中晶粒间的取向差大于15°的大角度晶界占比约为90.21%；通过XRD测试，发现焊态焊缝中主要由α''马氏体组成，还有少量极弱的多角度α相衍射峰，而热处理态焊缝中α相衍射峰中心角度位置与焊态焊缝中α''马氏体一致，另外还发现了较为尖锐的β相（110）衍射峰。     

纳米柱状多孔WO3- x /TiO2 薄膜的电致变色性能

采用反应磁控溅射在掠射角度α=0°和α=80°的条件下制备氧化钨（WO_3-x）薄膜,然后在其表面沉积二氧化钛（TiO₂）。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的晶体结构、表面/断面形貌以及表面化学成分进行表征。在三电极体系1 mol/L LiClO₄/PC溶液中,采用电化学工作站和紫外-可见分光光度计测试了WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的电致变色性能。XRD结果表明,WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜为非晶态结构,与掠射角度无关。当掠射角度为80°时,获得了纳米柱状多孔薄膜。从 W 4f和Ti 2p的XPS谱图确认氧化钨为亚化学计量比的WO_3-x,而氧化钛为满足化学计量比的TiO₂。与致密薄膜相比,纳米柱状多孔薄膜需要较低的驱动电压且具有较快的响应速度。纳米柱状多孔薄膜的电荷容量为83.78 mC,是致密薄膜电荷容量30.83 mC的2倍以上。在±1.2 V驱动电压下,注入和脱出离子扩散速率分别为D_in=5.69×10^-10 cm²/s和D_de= 5.08×10^-10 cm²/s。与纯WO₃薄膜相比,WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的电致变色循环稳定性更好。纳米柱状多孔薄膜在可见光范围内具有较大的光调制幅度,因此其光密度变化（ΔOD）大于致密薄膜。     

特殊浸润性表面构建及其抑制酸奶黏附的研究

目的 构建一种能够抑制酸奶黏附现象的特殊浸润性表面,探索特殊浸润表面的结构、组成及性能。方法 以棕榈蜡、二氧化硅和羧甲基纤维素钠为原料,通过喷涂法在聚苯乙烯片材上构建特殊浸润性表面。结果 棕榈蜡添加量为3 g,二氧化硅为0.9 g,两者共溶于100 mL无水乙醇,将0.6 g羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100 mL去离子水时,2种溶液共混(V乙醇溶液∶V水溶液=2∶1)在聚苯乙烯片材表面进行喷涂,并于75 ℃烘干30 min,得到特殊浸润性表面。所构建的特殊浸润性表面具有典型的微纳结构,酸奶在其表面的接触角为(141.32±5.43)°,滚动角为(7.51±2.86)°。耐碱、耐盐试验表明,特殊浸润性涂层在浸泡24 h后,酸奶在其表面的接触角分别为(132.00±5.75)°和(130.18±6.09)°,与原始特殊浸润性表面相比未发生显著性下降(P>0.05)。此外,甲基蓝和邻苯二酚紫粉末的残留结果表明所构建的表面自清洁性能良好。酸奶在具有特殊浸润性表面的聚苯乙烯片材上的残留量为(3.77±1.99)%,显著低于无特殊浸润性表面的聚苯乙烯片材(15.12±2.77)%(P<0.05)。结论 该特殊浸润性表面具有良好的化学稳定性、自清洁性和不黏性,可有效减少酸奶资源的浪费,也为液态黏性流体食品的包装设计提供理论依据。     

顺式-二氯[(1R,2R)-(-)-环己二胺]合铂(Ⅱ)的合成与结构表征

顺式-二氯[(1R,2R)-(-)-环己二胺]合铂是一种铂类抗癌药物及一种合成药效基团为(1R,2R)-(-)-环己二胺的铂类抗癌药物的中间体。通过两种常规方法合成了顺式-二氯[(1R,2R)-(-)-环己二胺]合铂,产率均高达90%以上,并采用元素分析、核磁共振谱、红外光谱及X-射线单晶衍射分析对其进行了结构表征。结果表明:此化合物的单晶结构含有1分子结晶水,为单斜晶系,C2空间群,晶胞参数为:a=12.753(3) nm,b=6.8749(16) nm,c=12.325(3) nm,α=90°,β=97.577(3)°,γ= 90°,V = 1071.1(4) nm³,Z=4,Pt-N键长分别为2.047和2.027 nm,Pt-Cl键长分别为2.326和2.330 nm,且Pt²⁺、N和Cl不在同一平面上,可能与结晶水、两个交错排列的分子间N-H...Cl氢键的存在有关。     

含氟化物银钎剂去除304不锈钢表面氧化膜的机理

使用银钎剂（由K₂B₄O₇、H₃BO₃、KF或KHF₂组成）去除304不锈钢表面氧化膜,研究了银钎剂对304不锈钢表面氧化膜的去除机理。结果表明,700 ℃时,在钎剂成分中某一成分的单独作用下,K₂B₄O₇和KF不能去除304不锈钢表面氧化膜;在任意2种成分的协同作用下,只有K₂B₄O₇与H₃BO₃的混合物在700 ℃下不能熔化,其余二元混合物均能与钢板表面氧化物反应;自由能（ΔG_m^θ）和反应平衡常数（K^θ）的计算结果显示,钎剂去除氧化膜的主要原因是该过程中钎剂中的F替代氧化物中的O,该反应的平衡常数达到 1.3×10¹⁶⁷,自由能小于零,反应可以进行。XRD结果显示,在2θ=18°位置的峰形发生改变,说明KF被KHF₂替代后,钎剂去除氧化膜的机理发生变化。含有KF和KHF₂的3号钎剂在540 ℃时可以有效去除钢板表面氧化膜,与钎剂的反应产物具有非晶结构特征。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).