TiB2金属陶瓷与TiAl金属间化合物的扩散连接

对TiB2金属陶瓷与TiAl金属间化合物进行了扩散连接试验，研究了直接扩散连接和采用Ni为中间层进行扩散连接的接头界面结构及工艺参数对界面结构和连接性能的影响。直接扩散连接时，连接界面处生成了Ti(Cu，Al)2金属间化合物，采用Ni为中间层进行扩散连接时，界面处生成了单层TiAlNi2金属间化合物层和两层T1，Al，N2扩散层共三层结构。直接扩散连接时，连接温度T＝1223K，时间t=1．8ks，压力p＝80MPa时接头强度为103MPa；采用Ni为中间层时，连接温度T＝1273K，时间t=1．8ks，压力p=80MPa时接头强度为110MPa。     

TiAl合金与镍基高温合金的扩散连接

采用钛为中间层,对TiAl合金与镍基高温合金（GH99）进了扩散连接.研究了扩散连接接头的界面结构和连接温度对界面结构及连接性能的影响,并对连接界面反应层的形成机制进行探讨.结果表明,GH99/Ti/TiAl的界面结构为：GH99/（Ni,Cr）ss/富Ti-（Ni,Cr）ss/TiNi/Ti2Ni/α-Ti＋Ti2Ni/Ti（Al）ss/TiAl＋Ti3Al/TiAl;随着连接温度的升高,各反应层厚度增加,接头的抗剪强度先增加后减小;在连接温度1 173 K,连接时间30 min,连接压力20 MPa时,抗剪强度最高为260.7 MPa.     

Al/Ni异种金属超声波点动焊接工艺及界面组织分析

对1060铝合金和N4镍合金异种金属进行了超声波点动焊接,优化了焊接工艺,分析了接头界面组织,焊接接头组织微观形貌和力学性能.结果表明,超声波焊接能够实现1060铝合金和N4镍合金异种金属的有效连接,能够得到韧性和强度都很高的焊接接头;确定了铝镍异种金属超声波焊接的焊接工艺参数为焊接压力25.2~36.0 MPa,焊接时间75~85 ms;当焊接压力为32.4 MPa,焊接时间为85 ms时,抗剪强度超过铝侧母材.焊接接头界面的XRD和EDS分析结果表明,接头界面存在由Al,Ni两种元素互扩散而形成的2 μm厚的反应扩散层.     

93W/Ni/Mo1接头的等离子活化扩散焊接研究

利用等离子活化技术对93W/Ni/Mo1进行真空扩散焊接,用剪切强度和显微硬度表征焊接接头的力学性能,对焊接界面和接头断口物相及微观结构进行表征分析。结果表明,焊接温度低于800℃时,焊接界面有孔洞,焊接温度高于800℃时,焊接界面良好。焊接接头的剪切强度随着焊接温度的升高先升高后降低,在焊接温度为800℃时接头强度最大为100.2 MPa。焊接温度低于800℃时,焊接界面发生扩散形成固溶体;焊接温度高于800℃时,Ni/Mo1界面生成MoNi高硬度金属间化合物,降低焊接接头结合强度。93W/Ni/Mo1焊接接头的断裂破坏主要发生在Ni/Mo1扩散界面。     

汽车用铝合金/钢扩散焊接试验研究

用真空扩散焊接方法焊接铝合金和不锈钢。采用物相分析仪、描电镜、显微硬度计和万能试验机等对焊接接头结构和性能进行了分析。结果表明,通过扩散焊接能实现铝合金和不锈钢的焊接,获得的焊接接头界面结合良好。随着焊接温度升高,扩散层厚度增加,焊接温度550℃时扩散层出现裂纹。铝合金和钢界面处生成了高硬度相,主要为Fe2Al5和Fe4Al13金属间化合物。铝/钢焊接接头剪切强度随焊接温度增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,焊接温度500℃,保温时间3 h,得到接头剪切强度最大值为54 MPa,断裂方式为解理断裂。     

TiAl/Ti/Nb/GH99扩散连接接头的界面组织结构及接头强度

采用Ti/Nb复合中间层对TiAl与镍基高温合金(GH99)进行扩散连接.采用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对连接接头的生成相及界面组织结构进行分析,采用抗剪强度测试对接头的连接强度进行评价.结果表明,GH99/Nb/Ti/TiAl的典型界面结构为GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss/Ni3Nb/Ni6Nb7/Nb/(Ti,Nb)ss/α-Ti+(Ti,Nb)ss/Ti3Al/TiAl.当连接温度为900℃,连接时间为30 min,连接压力为20 MPa时,所得接头抗剪强度最高为273.8 MPa.随着连接温度的升高,界面组织结构及反应层厚度发生变化.当连接温度T>900℃时,界面处生成对接头强度有不利影响的Ni6Nb7反应层;根据试验结果,进一步分析了各反应层的形成过程,揭示了GH99/Nb和Nb/Ti/TiAl的界面扩散反应机制.     

93W/Ni/Ta扩散焊接接头的显微结构和力学性能

采用真空扩散焊接的方法获得了93W/Ni/Ta扩散焊接接头。利用万能试验机测试焊接接头剪切强度,通过XRD,SEM,EDS对焊接接头的物相组成和显微结构进行了分析。结果表明,93W/Ni/Ta扩散焊接接头剪切强度随焊接温度和保温时间的增加而增加,最大值达到244 MPa。焊接接头主要由Ni/Ta和93W/Ni界面组成,界面处金属间化合物分别为hcp-Ni3Ta,fcc-Ni3Ta,Ni2Ta和Ni4W。接头断裂发生在Ni/Ta界面处,表明Ni/Ta界面为接头的弱结合处。焊接接头界面的形成主要分为物理接触、固溶体形成、金属间化合物形成和金属间化合物长大4个阶段。     

Al2O3弥散铜/纯铜扩散焊工艺

采用真空扩散连接工艺,对Al2O3弥散强化铜/纯铜的连接进行了试验研究.用扫描电镜分析了Al2O3弥散强化铜/纯铜扩散界面组织结构,研究了工艺参数对界面结合状态和组织结构的影响.通过正交试验得出各因素对接头抗拉强度的影响大小依次为:扩散温度＞压力＞保温时间.正交试验结果表明:焊接温度为550℃,保温时间为3h,压力为25 MPa时,可获得组织均匀致密、界面连续的Al2弥散铜/纯铜扩散焊接头,且接头抗拉强度高达116.9 MPa.     

置氢TC4钛合金与TiAl合金的扩散连接研究

分别对Ti Al合金与TC4钛合金、置氢0.5 wt%的TC4钛合金进行了扩散焊接试验。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、能谱分析仪对接头界面进行了分析,并开展了抗剪强度试验。结果表明,在焊接温度为850℃,连接压力为15 MPa的工艺参数下,当保温时间为5 min时,连接界面存在细小孔洞;当保温时间为15 min时,置氢TC4钛合金的界面孔洞消失,并且产生一定厚度的反应层:保温时间达到30 min时,置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金接头的连接强度平均可达290 MPa。断口分析表明,界面组织主要由Ti Al、Ti_3Al、Ti Al_2和Ti_3Al_5相组成。在相同的扩散焊接工艺规范下,置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金的扩散接头连接强度明显高于未置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金的扩散接头连接强度。     

TiAl合金与置氢0.5% TC4钛合金的扩散焊接工艺

对TiAl合金直接扩散焊接和使用置氢0.5%(质量分数) TC4钛合金与TiAl合金的扩散焊接开展了研究，使用了SEM，EDS，XRD和抗剪强度试验等方法分析了焊接接头的组织和性能，研究了焊接温度、连接时间和焊接压力对接头界面及力学性能的影响。结果表明，当工艺参数为1 473 K/60 min/30 MPa时，TiAl合金直接扩散焊接界面孔洞完全消失，接头抗剪强度达到285 MPa；采用置氢0.5% TC4钛合金作为中间层扩散焊接TiAl合金时，当工艺参数为1 123 K/30 min/15 MPa时，扩散焊接界面的孔洞消失，并有一定厚度的反应层生成，接头抗剪强度可达290 MPa，断口界面相组成主要为TiAl，Ti3Al，TiAl2和Ti3Al5等脆性相；相对于TiAl合金直接扩散焊接，采用置氢0.5% TC4合金为中间层扩散焊接TiAl合金能大幅降低TiAl合金扩散焊接工艺参数。     

Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal

A nickel-based coating was deposited on the pure Al substrate by immersion plating, and the Al/Cu bimetals were prepared by diffusion bonding in the temperature range of 450–550 °C. The interface microstructure and fracture surface of Al/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu bimetals were measured by tensile shear and microhardness tests. The results show that the Ni interlayer can effectively eliminate the formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds. The Al/Ni interface consists of the Al₃Ni and Al₃Ni₂ phases, while it is Ni-Cu solid solution at the Ni/Cu interface. The tensile shear strength of the joints is improved by the addition of Ni interlayer. The joint with Ni interlayer annealed at 500 °C exhibits a maximum value of tensile shear strength of 34.7 MPa.     

Characterization of diffusion-bonded joint between Al and Mg using a Ni interlayer

Aluminum and magnesium were joined through diffusion bonding using Ni interlayer. The microstructure and mechanical performance of the Al/Ni/Mg joints at different temperatures was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM), electro-probe microanalyzer(EPMA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Vickers hardness testing, and shear testing. The results show that the addition of Ni interlayer eliminates the formation of Mg–Al intermetallic compounds and improves the bonding strength of the Al/Mg joints. The Al/Ni/Mg joints are formed by the diffusion of Al, Ni and Mg, Ni. The microstructure at the joint interface from Al side to Mg side is Al substrate/Al–Ni reaction layer/Ni interlayer/Mg–Ni reaction layer/Mg substrate multilayer structure. The microhardness of the Mg–Ni reaction layer has the largest value of HV 255.0 owing to the existence of Mg_2Ni phase.With the increase of bonding temperature, the shear strength of the joints increases firstly and then decreases.The Al/Ni/Mg joint bonds at 713 K for 90 min, exhibiting the maximum shear strength of 20.5 MPa, which is greater than that of bonding joint bonded directly or with Ag interlayer. The fracture of the joints takes place at the Mg–Ni interface rather than the Al–Ni interface, and the fracture way of the joints is brittle fracture.     

Ceramic bonding and joint＇s strengthening through forming intermetallic compounds in situ

The transient liquid phase diffusion bonding of Si3N4 ceramics with Ti/Ni/Ti and Al/Ti/AI multiple interlayers was performed. The formation of intermetallic compounds in situ and their effects on the joints‘ strengths were investigated. The Ti/Ni/Ti interlayers produce NiTi and Ni3Ti layers with considerable room temperature ductility and high elevated temperature strength to strengthen the bonding zone metals and the joints. The joints with 142 MPa shear strength at room temperature and 88 MPa shear strength at 800℃ are achieved under appropriate parameters, respectively. Al/Ti/Al interlayers transform into a special bonding zone metal with a large amount of Al3 Ti particles and a small amount of Al-based solid solution, and in this case, the joints are strengthened significantly. Their strengths at room temperature and 600℃ reach 90 MPa and 30 MPa, respectively.     

钛合金与不锈钢超塑性扩散连接工艺及机理研究

基于微细晶超塑性扩散连接方法,对TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢成功实现了直接扩散连接,系统分析了接头性能、界面微观结构及超塑性扩散连接机理。结果发现：TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢直接超塑性扩散连接时,较佳连接工艺规范为：温度T=760~820 ℃,压力p=6~9 MPa,时间t=20~40 min;接头剪切强度τ＝125.3~148.7 MPa。与一般直接扩散连接相比,连接温度降低了约100 ℃,接头的剪切强度提高了1倍以上,且连接试样无明显变形。细化热处理TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢超塑性扩散连接时,其接头的形成过程大致可分为3个阶段：形成紧密接触阶段、接触表面激活阶段及靠近活化中心的界面冶金结合区形成阶段。     

Cu-Sn体系LTTLP连接接头强度与断口分析

文中通过研究连接时间和连接温度对Cu/Sn/Cu体系LTTLP连接接头力学性能的影响规律及观察接头断口形貌,分析了接头组织对其断裂过程的影响机制.结果表明,连接温度为300℃时,随着连接时间的增加,接头抗减强度先增加后保持不变,由连接15 min时的16.9 MPa增高至连接120 min后的超过30 MPa;Cu₃Sn型接头的力学性能最优,且残留少量Cu₆Sn₅晶粒时亦不会降低其接头强度;从Sn型接头至Cu₃Sn型接头的转变,接头断裂模式由韧性断裂逐渐过渡到脆性断裂.连接温度从260℃升高至350℃,对Cu₃Sn型接头的抗剪强度影响不大,始终保持在30 MPa以上,接头断裂模式均为解理断裂.     

SiCP颗粒增强Al基复合材料的瞬间液相连接

采用Ni箔和Cu/Ni/Cu多层箔作中间层在923K进行了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的瞬间液相连接。研究表明,无压连接时,接头强度随保温时间延长有所增高,但界面处会存在纯金属（无增强颗粒）区域和氧化物夹杂,是导致接头强度不高的主要原因。加压TLP连接则能有效改善界面组织和接头性能。采用Cu/Ni/Cu多层箔作中间层加压连接时接头强度可达189．6MPa,约为母材强度的85％。本文对压力的作用和复合材料TLP连接界面特性进行了讨论。     

表面毛化WC-Co硬质合金与铝的真空扩散连接

采用机械方法对WC-Co硬质合金表面进行焊前毛化加工,然后采用BNi2钎料对毛化后的硬质合金表面进行预涂覆处理,最终利用毛化凸台在铝中的压入及界面元素的扩散反应实现WC-Co硬质合金与铝的真空扩散连接. 结果表明,接头界面结构为:Al/Al₃Ni+Al₃Ni₂+Al₅Co₂/Co-Ni(s.s)/W-Co-Ni/WC-Co. 随着预涂覆温度的升高,W-Co-Ni化合物相的体积增大,界面由平齐向不规则演变;随着扩散温度的提高,Al₃Ni+Al₃Ni₂+Al₅Co₂层厚度增加. 当工艺参数增加时,接头抗剪强度呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,特别是当预涂覆温度为1 050 ℃,扩散连接温度为575 ℃,保温时间为90 min时,接头室温抗剪强度达到最大值51 MPa,明显高于未毛化接头的抗剪强度.     

Cu/W-Ni/Ni多中间层的钨/钢扩散连接(英文)

采用铜箔/90W-10Ni(质量分数)混合粉末/镍箔多中间层,在加压5 MPa、连接温度1150°C、保温60 min的工艺条件下,对纯钨(W)和0Cr13Al铁素体不锈钢进行真空扩散连接。利用SEM、EDS、电子万能试验机及水淬热震实验等手段研究接头的微观组织、成分分布、断口特征、力学性能及抗热震性能。结果表明,连接接头由钨母材/Cu-Ni合金层/W-Ni复合材料层/镍层/钢母材五部分组成。接头中的W-Ni复合材料层由90W-10Ni混合粉末固相烧结而生成,其组织均匀、致密。W-Ni复合材料层与钨母材以瞬间液相扩散连接机制来实现良好结合。接头剪切强度达到256 MPa,断裂均发生在W-Ni复合材料层与镍层的结合区域,断口形貌呈现为韧性断裂。经过60次700°C至室温的水淬热震测试,接头无裂纹出现。     

TLP bonding of Ti-6Al-4V and Mg-AZ31 alloys using pure Ni electro-deposited coats

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Mg-AZ31 and Ti-6Al-4V alloys was performed using pure thin Ni electro-deposited coat interlayer (12 μm). The effect of bonding temperature, time and pressure on microstructural developments and subsequent mechanical properties across joint interface was studied at a temperature range from 500 to 540 °C, bonding time from 1 to 60 min and bonding pressure from 0 to 0.8 MPa. The mechanisms of bond formation varied across the joint region, with solid-state diffusion dominant at the Ti-6Al-4V interface and eutectic diffusion at the Mg-AZ31 interface. Joint microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to detect the formation of intermetallic phases at the fracture surface. The maximum joint shear strength of 61 MPa was obtained at a temperature of 520 °C, 20 min and at a bonding pressure of 0.2 MPa. This joint strength was three times the bond strength reported for joints made using adhesives and represents 50% of the Mg-AZ31 alloy shear strength.