激光熔覆颗粒增强双相化合物基复合涂层的研究

采用激光熔覆在Ti6Al4V合金上制备了WC、TiC增强TiNi/Ti_2Ni双相化合物基复合涂层,并对涂层进行了激光重熔处理,研究了其重熔前后的组织和力学性能变化。结果表明:重熔处理后稀释率由54.0%增加到74.1%,涂层表面变得更为平整。重熔前涂层由作为增强相的灰白色板条状WC固溶体和黑色TiC胞状树枝晶,以及作为基体的TiNi和Ti_2Ni组成。另外,还存在少量细小白色熔化不完全的WC颗粒。重熔后涂层基体中富钛相Ti_2Ni增多而且贫钛相TiNi减少,WC固溶体由粗大板条状转变为细小的等轴状、花状和板条状,白色未熔WC颗粒消失。重熔后涂层的显微硬度变化不大(从1021.7 HV0.1降低到923.7 HV0.1,降低了约10%,而断裂韧性增加了约35%(从3.57 MPa·m~(1/2)增加到4.81 MPa·m~(1/2)),涂层的开裂敏感性降低。     

Ti6Al4V表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi+B4C涂层的组织结构

选用NiCrBSi及2％民C混粉在Ti6Al4V合金表面进行激光熔覆处理，使基体中的Ti和B4C发生化学反应原位生成TiC、TiB2硬质增强相，制备出TiC与TiB2等增强相增强钛基复合材料涂层。综合运用XRD、SEM、EPMA和TEM等分析手段研究了优化熔覆工艺条件下的NiCrBSi＋B4C激光熔覆层的组织结构与相组成，并对复合涂层进行了硬度测试，结果表明：NiCrBSi＋2％B4C熔覆层的微观组织是在γ—Ni和Ni3Ti＋Ni3B共晶的基体上均匀分布着TiB2、TiC、CrB等相的多元组织，激光熔覆层的硬度比Ti6Al4V基体硬度提高到3～4倍。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性北大核心CSCD

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

TIG Cladding + Laser Remelting of ZrAlNiCu Amorphous Coating

为了解决传统激光熔覆非晶方法的不足,进行了TIG熔覆+激光重熔制备非晶涂层的尝试。在对Zr65Ni10Al7.5Cu17.5粉末进行TIG熔覆之后,又对熔覆层进行了激光重熔。TIG熔覆有利于与基材良好的结合、减少裂纹和气孔、有利于熔覆层成分的均匀化,激光重熔又可以提供极快的冷却速度并利于非晶的形成。随后对该涂层进行了微观组织、能谱、相组成、腐蚀性能及显微硬度的分析。整个涂层成分均匀,冶金结合良好,微观组织由晶体与非晶体组成,其中TIG熔覆+激光重熔涂层非晶体所占体积分数高于相同工艺下的传统激光熔覆层;该涂层显微硬度HV较传统激光熔覆层高1330 MPa;腐蚀电位较传统激光熔覆层高0.07 V,腐蚀电流更是降低了10倍以上。     

TIG熔覆+激光重熔法制备ZrAlNiCu非晶涂层（英文）

为了解决传统激光熔覆非晶方法的不足,进行了TIG熔覆+激光重熔制备非晶涂层的尝试。在对Zr65Ni10Al7.5Cu17.5粉末进行TIG熔覆之后,又对熔覆层进行了激光重熔。TIG熔覆有利于与基材良好的结合、减少裂纹和气孔、有利于熔覆层成分的均匀化,激光重熔又可以提供极快的冷却速度并利于非晶的形成。随后对该涂层进行了微观组织、能谱、相组成、腐蚀性能及显微硬度的分析。整个涂层成分均匀,冶金结合良好,微观组织由晶体与非晶体组成,其中TIG熔覆+激光重熔涂层非晶体所占体积分数高于相同工艺下的传统激光熔覆层;该涂层显微硬度HV较传统激光熔覆层高1330 MPa;腐蚀电位较传统激光熔覆层高0.07 V,腐蚀电流更是降低了10倍以上。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆NiCrAl/TiC涂层生成和强化机制

为了改善铝合金表面的磨损性能,在A390铝合金表面激光熔覆制备Ni Cr Al/Ti C复合涂层。借助XRD和EDS分析了涂层的物相组成;通过SEM分析了涂层的微观组织;结合Al-Ni二元平衡相图和热力学知识对熔覆层Al-Ni金属间化合物形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:涂层物相包括Al Ni、Al3Ni2、Ti C、Cr13Ni5Si2、Cu9Al4和少量α-Al相;涂层自下至上分别为胞状晶、柱状树枝晶和等轴晶;熔覆层中Ti C颗粒强化机制包括细晶强化、硬质相颗粒弥散强化和位错堆积强化;熔覆层平均显微硬度为676 HV0.2,是A390铝合金的4倍。     

表面改质技术

表面改性在陶瓷钎焊和扩散焊领域中的应用；超音速微粒高能轰击16MnR钢表面纳米化的研究；不同基材和涂层激光重熔表面改性的研究现状与进展；TC4钛合金激光熔覆TiC＋M涂层组织和耐磨性能研究；CeO2对激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层组织与性能的影响；Ti6A14V表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi＋B4C涂层的组织结构；等离子激光复合熔积高温合金粉末的工艺研究；激光熔覆生物陶瓷涂层和界面的研究。[编者按]     

激光熔覆制备Fe-Mo-Ni-Si-B非晶纳米晶复合涂层的性能

利用激光熔覆技术在45钢上制备Fe-Mo-Ni-Si-B涂层,并进行激光重熔处理。借助光学光学显微镜、环境扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对涂层的组织结构进行研究,并利用维氏硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学工作站等设备分析了重熔前后涂层的显微硬度、摩擦磨损及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:利用激光熔覆技术能够在45钢上获得冶金结合良好的Fe-Mo-Ni-Si-B非晶纳米晶复合涂层。熔覆层由晶体相和非晶相混合组成,主要的晶体相包括Fe Si、Fe2B、Fe Ni、Fe3Mo及Fe单质。经过重熔处理后,熔覆层组织细化,晶粒更为细小,非晶相比例提高。熔覆层的硬度可达到1007 HV0.1,而重熔层硬度略提高到1076 HV0.1,与基体相比,都提高了5~6倍;与基体相比,熔覆层的耐磨性和耐蚀性得以提高,其中重熔层更是表现出优异的耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

TA2钛合金表面激光熔覆Ni60涂层的研究

在TA2钛合金表面预置Ni60合金粉末,利用CO2激光器进行激光熔覆,获得了良好的冶金涂层。采用SEM、EDS及显微硬度计,研究了涂层的成分分布和组织结构及硬度分布。结果表明,Ni60涂层组织由NiTi2/NiTi/Ni3Ti金属间化合物以及Ti5Si3、CrB等增强相组成;涂层与基材之间存在厚约20μm的过渡区;涂层硬度分布均匀,比基体提高4倍左右,其强化形式主要是第二相强化。     

稀土氧化物和激光熔敷对复合合金喷涂层耐磨性的影响

研究了稀土氧化物ＣｅＯ２和激光熔敷对不同成分ＮｉＣｒＢＳｉ－ＷＣ复合合金喷涂层的组织和摩擦损性能的影响，运用ＸＲＤ和ＥＤＳ技术，分析了激光熔敷复合合金覆层的成分分布特征和相组成，结果表明，稀土氧化物不但可以改善激光熔敷层的组织形态，而且可以显著提高了摩擦磨损状态下的耐磨性，并有一定的减摩效果。     

热喷涂Ni基复合涂层重熔处理的研究现状

热喷涂Ni基复合涂层因具有耐磨、耐腐蚀及耐高温等特点,被广泛应用于机械零件的表面修复和保护。但是,热喷涂层为典型的层状结构,具有微缺陷含量较高、与基体结合强度低等特点,难以适应苛刻的工作环境,其应用和发展受限。重熔处理可以消除热喷涂层的层状结构,消除或部分消除孔隙、裂纹等微缺陷,使涂层与基体形成冶金结合,提高涂层的使用性能。本文首先介绍了几种适用Ni基复合涂层的重熔技术(即激光重熔、火焰重熔、感应重熔等),随后介绍了重熔处理对Ni基复合涂层表面完整性(即微缺陷、结合强度和硬度)的影响,接着分析了重熔处理对Ni基复合涂层两种服役性能(即耐磨性、耐腐蚀性能)的影响,最后总结了目前在关于Ni基复合涂层重熔技术研究中存在的问题,进而探讨了相应的解决方案,并指出挖掘新的表面重熔技术和对不同的材料体系进行针对性研究是未来重点发展的方向。     

热喷涂NiCrBSi基耐磨涂层的研究进展

磨损失效是工业生产及材料使用寿命最主要的消耗方式之一,通过热喷涂表面涂层技术提高摩擦副表面摩擦磨损性能受到越来越多的关注。作为一种重要的表面处理技术,热喷涂在防腐、耐磨等方面均有出色的表现。NiCrBSi是以Ni、Cr为主要组元的Ni基自熔性合金,近年来,NiCrBSi基涂层在制备方法、性能表征和应用推广等方面都取得了重要进展。本文主要论述了热喷涂NiCrBSi和NiCrBSi-Mo涂层的自润滑性能、NiCrBSi-碳化物涂层的硬质相增强效果、NiCrBSi-氧化物涂层综合性能等方向的研究现状,分别对火焰重熔、激光重熔、炉内重熔及感应重熔NiCrBSi基涂层的原理、特点及相关应用实例进行了阐述,分析了这四种后处理重熔态涂层结构与磨损性能,着重比较添加组元和重熔工艺对涂层的组织结构、力学性能和耐磨损性能等方面的影响规律,并阐明了各自在机理上的异同。最后总结了NiCrBSi基耐磨涂层研究面临的主要问题,并针对这些问题,从材料、工艺和后处理方面提出了三点展望性建议。     

Corrosion characteristics of plasma-sprayed Ni-coated WC coatings comparison with different post-treatment

The effects of vacuum annealing and laser remelting on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of plasma-sprayed Ni-coated WC coatings on steel substrate have been investigated. The laser remelting was operated in a continuous way while the vacuum annealing was operated with clamping the coating on the graphite face in order to avoid decarburization of WC. When compared with the as-sprayed coating, the microstructure of the post-heating treatment coatings has been found to consist of different phases. Moreover, the denser microstructure can be obtained after heating treatment, especially the laser remelting coating. Electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) shows that the chemical composition remained largely unchanged except the “bumps” at the interface for as-sprayed and vacuum annealing coatings. The more uniform composition was obtained for laser remelting coating. The Vickers microhardness measurement shows a very slightly enhancement for post-heating treatment coatings, which may be duo to the lamellar structure, lower contemt and bulky of carbide for coatings. However, salt spray corrosion (SSC) show the laser remelting coating has the best corrosion resistance, which is due to its low number defects and uniform distribution of the phase and composition.     

Post-treatment of thermal spray coatings on magnesium

Magnesium alloys have a beneficial combination of high strength to weight ratio, good machinability and high recycling potential. Despite this, the application of magnesium still is behind that of other constructive materials mainly due to low wear and corrosion resistance. For more demanding applications, a large amount of surface treatment methods are developed to overcome this problem. Thermal spraying is an efficient and flexible method of coating deposition and is widely used for protection of different materials against corrosion and wear. Nevertheless, the bonding of thermal spray coatings on magnesium alloys is not sufficient, so the following post-treatment processes are needed. One of such possibilities is high energy beam treatment of thermally sprayed coatings. During the heat treatment of magnesium substrates with coating the remelting of coating and a thin surface layer of substrate occurs. Depending on the combination of applied coating system and treatment method, different processes can be realised in modified layers: the alloying of magnesium substrate with other elements to improve corrosion properties, redistribution of hard particles from composite coating and new phases formation during the processing to improve the wear resistance of magnesium alloys. In the present work some examples concerning the laser and electron beam treatment of aluminium based composite coatings as well as infra red irradiation of zinc based coatings are described. Coatings are deposited on magnesium substrates (AM20, AZ31, AZ91) by arc spraying with Zn, ZnAl4 and ZnAl15 solid wires and cored wires in aluminium core with powder filling containing different hard particles, such as boron, silicon and tungsten carbide or titanium oxide. Remelting of thermal spray coatings is carried out by means of continuous irradiation of СО₂-laser in nitrogen or argon atmosphere, electron beam in vacuum and focused tungsten halogen lamp line heater in atmosphere. Microstructure of sprayed coatings as well as that of modified surface layers is investigated by metallographic methods. Corrosion properties are estimated by electrochemical measurements. Abrasion wear resistance of the modified layers is determined by scratch test, corundum grinding disk test and Rubber wheel test. It is shown that all methods applied for processing of thermal spray coatings lead to formation of modified surface layers in magnesium substrate with improved wear and corrosion properties. Different mechanisms of microstructure formation such as redistribution of chemical composition of composite coating components, partial remelting of hard phase particles, and new phases formation are discussed. Electrochemical behaviour of modified surface layers is mostly improved due to alloying, homogenization of element distribution and strong decrease of as-sprayed coating porosity. Abrasion wear resistance of processed magnesium substrates strongly depends on the microstructure and usually is 5 to 20 times higher compared with base material.     

Laser remelting of plasma-sprayed yttria partially stabilized zirconia coatings

A plasma-sprayed 8 wt.% yttria partially stabilized zirconia coating doped with 3 wt.% SiO₂ was remelted by laser. The microstructure of the as-sprayed and laser-remelted coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of laser remelting on the hardness, wear resistance, and thermal shock resistance of the coatings was also studied. The laser-remelted coating consists of fine solidification grains without the presence of pores and cracks. The elements are uniformly distributed in the laser-remelted coating. Nontransformable tetragonal (t′) phase is predominant in the laser-remelted coating with a small amount of cubic phase. Laser remelting greatly enhanced the hardness, wear resistance, and thermal shock resistance of the coatings, and should find more applications.     

Improving corrosion properties of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed inconel 625 by using a high-power continuous wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser

Thermal spray processes are widely used to protect materials and components against wear, corrosion and oxidation. Despite the use of the latest developments of thermal spraying, such as high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying, these coatings may in certain service conditions show inadequate performance,e.g., due to insufficient bond strength and/or mechanical properties and corrosion resistance inferior to those of corresponding bulk materials. The main cause for a low bond strength in thermalsprayed coatings is the low process temperature, which results only in mechanical bonding. Mechanical and corrosion properties typically inferior to wrought materials are caused by the chemical and structural inhomogeneity of the thermal-sprayed coating material. To overcome the drawbacks of sprayed structures and to markedly improve the coating properties, laser remelting of sprayed coatings was studied in the present work. The coating material was nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, which contains chromium and molybdenum as the main alloying agents. The coating was prepared by HVOF spraying onto mild steel substrates. High-power continuous wave Nd:YAG laser equipped with large beam optics was used to remelt the HVOF sprayed coating using different levels of power and scanning speed. The coatings as-sprayed and after laser remelting were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Laser remelting resulted in homogenization of the sprayed structure. This strongly improved the performance of the laser-remelted coatings in adhesion, wet corrosion, and high-temperature oxidation testing. The properties of the laser-remelted coatings were compared directly with the properties of as-sprayed HVOF coatings and with plasma-transferred arc (PTA) overlay coatings and wrought Inconel 625 alloy.     

超音速等离子喷涂纳米结构Al2O3-TiO2喂料涂层性能研究

采用特殊的工艺，制备了可用于热喷涂的纳米结构Al2O3-TiO2喂料，并采用超音速等离子喷涂技术制备了涂层。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度与美国产相同成分的Nanox^TM2613P纳米喂料制备的涂层基本相同。喷涂过程中存在相的转变和晶粒长大现象。     

冷喷涂制备金属涂层及其在增材制造应用中的研究进展

冷喷涂由于具有粉末加热温度低、涂层中氧含量及孔隙率较常规热喷涂涂层显著降低等特点,而广泛应用于制备各种类型的涂层或块体材料。近年来,冷喷涂设备及工艺的改善使其在增材制造和零件修复方面也具有极大的应用前景。综述了冷喷涂制备高性能软质相金属和硬质相金属/非金属涂层的研究进展,重点围绕原始颗粒结构、冷喷涂工艺参数、添加第二相和后处理手段对涂层制备及性能优化的效果进行总结,并对冷喷涂制备复合涂层的结合机理进行了阐述,包括软质相颗粒形成单一涂层和添加硬质相颗粒复合涂层的结合机理,且涂层中颗粒之间的结合主要为机械结合、物理结合、冶金结合和化学结合中的一种或多种结合形式。同时,介绍了冷喷涂技术在增材制造领域和零件修复方面的研究进展和存在的问题。最后,分析总结了冷喷涂的应用前景和存在的问题。     

激光重熔工艺对热喷涂陶瓷层微观结构的影响

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