激光重熔等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层组织及高温磨损性能

为了提高等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响．用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和显微硬度计分析了涂层表面形貌、微观结构、相组成和显微硬度,同时对涂层的高温摩擦磨损特性进行了考察．结果表明,激光重熔消除了等离子喷涂层的层片状结构、孔隙等缺陷,涂层致密度提高;另外在激光高能量密度作用下,WC颗粒部分熔化,并在周围析出枝晶结构．激光重熔处理后涂层的显微硬度明显提高,其磨损性能也显著高于原等离子喷涂层．     

Improving corrosion properties of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed inconel 625 by using a high-power continuous wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser

Thermal spray processes are widely used to protect materials and components against wear, corrosion and oxidation. Despite the use of the latest developments of thermal spraying, such as high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying, these coatings may in certain service conditions show inadequate performance,e.g., due to insufficient bond strength and/or mechanical properties and corrosion resistance inferior to those of corresponding bulk materials. The main cause for a low bond strength in thermalsprayed coatings is the low process temperature, which results only in mechanical bonding. Mechanical and corrosion properties typically inferior to wrought materials are caused by the chemical and structural inhomogeneity of the thermal-sprayed coating material. To overcome the drawbacks of sprayed structures and to markedly improve the coating properties, laser remelting of sprayed coatings was studied in the present work. The coating material was nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, which contains chromium and molybdenum as the main alloying agents. The coating was prepared by HVOF spraying onto mild steel substrates. High-power continuous wave Nd:YAG laser equipped with large beam optics was used to remelt the HVOF sprayed coating using different levels of power and scanning speed. The coatings as-sprayed and after laser remelting were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Laser remelting resulted in homogenization of the sprayed structure. This strongly improved the performance of the laser-remelted coatings in adhesion, wet corrosion, and high-temperature oxidation testing. The properties of the laser-remelted coatings were compared directly with the properties of as-sprayed HVOF coatings and with plasma-transferred arc (PTA) overlay coatings and wrought Inconel 625 alloy.     

Improvements in Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous Coating by Laser-Remelting

Amorphous coating technology is an attractive way of taking advantage of the superior properties of amorphous alloys for structural applications. However, the limited bonds between splats within the plasma-sprayed coatings result in a typically lamellar and porous coating structure. To overcome these limitations, the as-sprayed coating was treated by a laser-remelting process. The microstructure and phase composition of two coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The wear resistance of the plasma-sprayed coating and laser-remelted coating was studied comparatively using a pin-on-disc wear test under dry friction conditions. It was revealed that the laser-remelted coating exhibited better wear resistance because of its defect-free and amorphous-nanocrystalline composited structure.     

Ti-6Al-4V激光重熔结构及摩擦学性能

利用激光重熔技术对Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)表面进行了处理。用XRD、SEM和TEM分析了合金化层的组成和组织结构。在SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机上对TC4基材和激光重熔后TC4的摩擦磨损性能进行对比测试。结果表明:激光重熔可以细化TC4的晶粒,显著提高TC4的表面硬度和耐磨性能。     

等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能的影响

目的改善镍基合金涂层的摩擦学性能。方法分别采用感应重熔工艺及感应重熔-等温淬火一体化工艺,在GCr15钢基体表面制备了两种镍基合金涂层,并通过销盘摩擦磨损试验、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度测试对其摩擦磨损性能、微观组织、表面硬度进行了对比研究,探讨了等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能、微观组织、表面硬度的影响,揭示了其增强机理。结果经等温淬火后的重熔涂层比感应重熔涂层具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损失重,摩擦稳定阶段的摩擦系数为0.301,比后者低23.8%,相对耐磨性是后者的1.71倍。感应重熔涂层同时存在着磨粒磨损和粘着磨损两种机制,而经等温淬火后的重熔涂层以磨粒磨损为主,比前者具有更优异的抵抗磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的能力。感应重熔涂层及经等温淬火处理后的重熔涂层平均显微硬度分别为818.0、873.6HV(0.5),硬度极差分别为170.9、132.6HV(0.5),形状参数分别为18.5057、22.6189,后者比前者具有更高的平均硬度值、更小的硬度极差以及更加稳定的涂层性能。经过微观组织分析发现,重熔涂层在经等温淬火处理后,其晶粒的细化、硬质相的相对均质弥散性、共晶相的减少、丰富的耐磨陶瓷相和快速凝固的定向晶粒结构的协同作用,是其具有优异的显微硬度Weibull分布特性,以及耐磨性得到进一步提高的根本原因。结论合适的等温淬火热处理工艺能够改善感应重熔镍基合金涂层的微观组织,从而有效减小其摩擦系数,并提高其耐磨性。     

Effect of Nb addition on microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi coatings

NiCrBSi coatings with different Nb additions have been prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalyser (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester and M-200 wear tester. The results show that the phases in the NiCrBSi coating without Nb addition include γ-Ni, Cr₂₃C₆, Cr₇C₃, Ni₃B, Ni₃Si₂ and CrB. The NbC phase appears in coatings after the addition of Nb element. When the addition of Nb is 2?wt-%, the NbC particles with a size of about 1.2?μm were found in the coating, and the amount of NbC is about 1.8?vol.-%. With the increase of Nb addition, the size and amount of NbC in the coatings also increased. When the addition of Nb is 6?wt-%, the size of NbC is about 2.3–6.1?μm and the morphology of NbC changed from particle to quadrangular and petaloid shaped. In addition, when the addition of Nb is 2?wt-%, the hardness and wear resistance of the coating are the best, and the wear resistance of the coating is 104% higher than that without Nb addition.     

Ti-Al-N 涂层的组织结构与摩擦学性能

目的采用多元等离子体注入与沉积(MPIIID)技术制备Ti-Al-N涂层,系统研究涂层的微观组织结构、力学性能与摩擦学特性。方法借助XRD,XPS,SEM和TEM等,观察分析Ti-Al-N涂层的微观组织结构与物相组成,采用纳米压入试验仪、布氏硬度试验仪、摩擦磨损试验仪和激光共聚焦显微镜等测试分析Ti-Al-N涂层的力学性能、膜基结合力和摩擦磨损性能。结果 Ti-Al-N涂层表现出较高的膜-基结合强度。Al元素掺杂诱发Ti-Al-N涂层发生严重晶格畸变。当Al原子数分数为6.18%时,Ti-Al-N涂层以c-TiAlN相结构为主,表现出超高硬度(达到39.83 GPa);随着Al元素含量增加,涂层中的软质h-TiAlN相结构增多,硬度随之下降。摩擦试验结果表明,低Al含量Ti-Al-N涂层的抗磨损能力良好,其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损;高Al含量Ti-Al-N涂层的抗磨损能力较差,其主要磨损机制倾向粘着磨损。结论 MPIIID技术成功实现了Ti-Al-N涂层的低温制备与成分调控,低Al含量的Ti-Al-N涂层具有优良的力学性能和优异的抗磨损能力。     

Properties of alumina-titania coatings prepared by laser-assisted air plasma spraying

Studies have shown that microstructures formed by post-laser remelting of air plasma sprayed coatings exhibit densification but also numerous macrocracks due to the rapid cooling and thermal stresses. In laser-assisted air plasma spraying (LAAPS) process, the laser beam interacts simultaneously with the plasma torch in order to increase the temperature of the coating and possibly remelt the coating at the surface. As a result, the microstructure is partially densified and macrocracks, which are generally produced in the post-laser irradiation treatment, may be inhibited. In this paper, LAAPS was performed to improve the hardness and wear resistance of Al₂O₃-13%TiO₂ coatings. These coatings prepared by air plasma spraying (APS) are widely used to protect components against abrasive wear at low temperatures. The coating microstructure was characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical characterization was done by hardness measurements, erosive wear tests and abrasion wear tests. Results showed that laser assistance may improve the microstructural and mechanical properties. Phenomena involved in LAAPS of alumina-titania coatings are discussed in this paper.     

Microstructures and properties of Co-based alloy coatings prepared on surface of H13 steel

The Co-based alloy coatings had been prepared by laser cladding and vacuum fusion sintering. Microstructures of the coatings were investigated and the performance of thermal cycling was also tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the coatings and substrates combine well. The main phase compositions of laser cladding coating are γ-Co, Cr23C6 and Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36, while vacuum fusion sintering coating consists of Co, Cr7C3 , and Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36. After thermal cycling, the minimum hot cracking width of laser cladding coating is 14 μm; moreover, laser cladding coating maintains high hardness and hot-cracking susceptibility. Those are beneficial to high temperature wear resistance of hot work dies.     

激光熔覆FeCoCrxNiB高熵合金涂层的组织结构与耐磨性

为探究Cr元素对高熵合金涂层组织结构和性能的影响,在45钢基体上用激光熔覆方法制备了FeCoCrxNiB高熵合金涂层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度和耐磨测试等方法研究了Cr含量对FeCoCrxNiB激光熔覆高熵合金涂层组织结构、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:熔覆态高熵合金的组织均由先共晶M2B相和共晶组织(面心立方结构相(FCC)+M2B相)组成。随着Cr含量的增加,共晶组织含量增多,M2B相减少,先共晶硼化物形态呈现不规则颗粒状到树枝状再到条块状的变化,共晶组织形貌由蜂窝状向片层状转变。涂层平均硬度随着Cr含量增加逐渐降低,FeCoCr0.5NiB涂层平均硬度最高为860HV0.2。涂层的耐磨性能与硬度呈正相关关系,即FeCoCr0.5NiB涂层耐磨性最高,FeCoCr3NiB涂层耐磨性最低。     

热喷涂Ni基复合涂层重熔处理的研究现状

热喷涂Ni基复合涂层因具有耐磨、耐腐蚀及耐高温等特点,被广泛应用于机械零件的表面修复和保护。但是,热喷涂层为典型的层状结构,具有微缺陷含量较高、与基体结合强度低等特点,难以适应苛刻的工作环境,其应用和发展受限。重熔处理可以消除热喷涂层的层状结构,消除或部分消除孔隙、裂纹等微缺陷,使涂层与基体形成冶金结合,提高涂层的使用性能。本文首先介绍了几种适用Ni基复合涂层的重熔技术(即激光重熔、火焰重熔、感应重熔等),随后介绍了重熔处理对Ni基复合涂层表面完整性(即微缺陷、结合强度和硬度)的影响,接着分析了重熔处理对Ni基复合涂层两种服役性能(即耐磨性、耐腐蚀性能)的影响,最后总结了目前在关于Ni基复合涂层重熔技术研究中存在的问题,进而探讨了相应的解决方案,并指出挖掘新的表面重熔技术和对不同的材料体系进行针对性研究是未来重点发展的方向。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆AlBxCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的组织与性能

目的研究AlB_xCoCrNiTi(x=0、0.5、1)高熵合金涂层的组织及性能,提高钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性。方法采用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备出AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)等材料分析手段,研究了B含量对高熵合金涂层形貌、组织结构、成分的影响,并采用维氏硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验检测了熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性能。结果高熵合金涂层与基体的整体结合形貌良好。未添加B的高熵合金涂层主要由BCC相和晶体结构类似(Co,Ni)Ti_2相组成。随着B的加入,高熵合金涂层的晶粒得到细化,BCC相含量增加,(Co,Ni)Ti_2相含量有所减少,且熔覆层原位生成了TiB_2硬质相,TiB_2硬质相含量随B含量的增加而增加。熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性与B含量呈正相关关系,AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的平均显微硬度最大,为814HV,且AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的磨损量最小,其耐磨性约为未添加B的高熵合金涂层的7倍。结论 B含量的增加,有助于改善AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的摩擦学性能,AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层有效提高了钛合金表面的硬度及耐磨性能。     

Abrasive wear resistance of electroless Ni-P coated aluminium after post treatment

Electroless nickel (EN) coatings are recognised for their hardness and wear resistance in automotive and aerospace industries. In this work, electroless Ni-P coatings were deposited on aluminium alloy substrate LM24 (Al-9 wt.% Si alloy) and the effect of post treatment on the wear resistance was studied. The post treatments included heat treatment and lapping with two different surface textures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-abrasion tester were used to analyse morphology, structure and abrasive wear resistance of the coatings. Post heat treatment significantly improved the coating density and structure, giving rise to enhanced hardness and wear resistance. Microhardness of electroless Ni-P coatings with thickness of about 15 μm increased due to the formation of Ni₃P after heat treatment.     

The effects of ceria on the mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of thermal sprayed NiAl intermetallic coatings

The effects of ceria addition to thermal sprayed NiAl intermetallic coatings were investigated through micro-indentation, thermal shock testing and microstructural analysis techniques (scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis). It has been found that the addition of CeO₂ to NiAl coatings reduces the tendency of brittle peeling during thermal spraying. This reduction in peeling is presumably due to the improved wetting of the substrate by the molten coating material, which leads to better coating adhesion. The addition of CeO₂ resulted in higher coating hardness and elastic modulus. The coatings containing CeO₂ also exhibited significant increases in thermal shock resistance compared with that of the pure NiAl coating. The NiAl coating containing 2 wt.%CeO₂ had the highest hardness, elastic modulus and thermal shock resistance of the four NiAl-based coatings tested. The possible mechanisms responsible for the improvement of the properties upon addition of CeO₂ are addressed.     

激光重熔对等离子喷涂热障涂层冲蚀行为影响

研究了等离子喷涂和激光重熔ZrO<,2>-7%Y<,2>O<,3>热障涂层的微观结构,同时考察了两种涂层的抗冲蚀性能,并探讨了其冲蚀破坏机理.试验发现,等离子喷涂热障陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征;经过激光重熔处理后,涂层表面形成了沿热流方向生长的柱状品重熔区;相对于等离子喷涂试样,激光重熔涂层有较好的抗冲蚀性能;不管等...     

感应重熔和激光重熔合成FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层组织与性能

采用冷喷涂辅助感应重熔和冷喷涂辅助激光重熔2种方法分别在45#钢表面制备FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层。对高熵合金涂层的相组成、显微组织、硬度、耐磨性能进行表征与检测,研究2种工艺对涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：2种工艺合成的FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层均由体心立方（bcc）和面心立方（fcc）相组成,涂层组织致密,元素分布均匀。涂层微观组织均为树枝晶+枝晶间组织,枝晶区主要由Mn、Cr和Fe元素构成,枝晶间主要为Cu,Al元素均匀地分布在枝晶和枝晶间。冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成的FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层中bcc晶格应变大于激光重熔合成的高熵合金涂层的晶格应变。冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层的显微硬度是冷喷涂辅助激光重熔合成涂层硬度的1.2倍,是45#钢基体硬度的3.5倍。FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层在摩擦过程中主要以磨粒磨损为主,采用冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成的FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层具有良好的耐磨性能,其磨损率比冷喷涂辅助激光重熔合成涂层的磨损率降低29%。     

激光表面重熔对ZrO_2-8wt%Y_2O_3热障涂层组织与抗热震性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂设备在H13热作模具钢表面制备氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(ZrO2-8 wt%Y2O3)热障涂层,并用CO2横流激光器对热障涂层进行表面重熔处理,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热震试验等手段研究激光重熔前后热障涂层的微观结构及其抗热震性能的变化。结果表明,重熔前后涂层均由四方结构钇锆氧化物和立方相的氧化锆组成,重熔后涂层结晶度增加,晶粒有长大现象。激光重熔后涂层产生明显分层,表层组织孔隙和裂纹明显减少,裂纹呈网状且沿晶界分布,重熔涂层内部仍保持等离子喷涂典型结构。激光重熔后涂层孔隙率降低了67%,涂层的抗热震性能也显著提高。     

含B量对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiB_x(x=0.5,0.75,1.0,1.25)高熵合金涂层组织结构与耐磨性的影响

采用激光熔覆技术制备FeCoCrNiBx高熵合金涂层,用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度和耐磨测试等方法,研究了B含量对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiBx高熵合金涂层的组织结构、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,随B含量的增加,合金相结构逐渐由fcc固溶体结构转变为fcc固溶体和M3B相共存,M3B相主要为Cr、Fe硼化物。随B含量的增加,枝晶组织中析出颗粒状和短棒状的M3B相,且M3B相逐渐长大成长条状。B的增加显著提高合金涂层的硬度,由4470 MPa增加到8480 MPa,且磨损量随着B的增加而减少。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆WC增强镍基复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高TC4钛合金的耐磨性,利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备Ni60+50%WC和d22粉末打底+(Ni60+50%WC)两种耐磨复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)来表征涂层的微观结构和物相组成;使用HV-1000显微维氏硬度计、HRS-2M型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机和WDW-100D电子万能试验机来分析涂层的性能。结果表明：两种涂层均由W2C、TiC、Ni17W3、Ni3Ti和TixW1-x相组成,两种涂层不仅与基体呈现出优异的冶金结合,而且组织均匀致密,没有裂纹瑕疵;由于涂层中存在着原位合成的硬质相和细晶强化共同作用使得涂层硬度显著提高,约为TC4基体的2.8倍;两种涂层的摩擦系数(COF)和磨损量都远低于TC4钛合金基体,耐磨性能比基体提高了近17倍;Ni60+50%WC复合涂层和d22粉末打底+(Ni60+50%WC)复合涂层的剪切结合强度分别为188.19 MPa和49.11 MPa。结论：两种涂层均能显著改善TC4钛合金基体表面的硬度和耐磨性能,其中Ni60+50%WC复合涂层在硬度、耐磨性和结合强度等方面表现得更出色。     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔MCrAlY涂层热腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在TiAl合金表面制备了MCrAlY涂层,并用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了TiAl合金、等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层及激光重熔MCrAlY涂层850℃下75%Na₂SO₄+25%NaCl(质量分数)混合盐浸泡热腐蚀性能,分析了不同试样的热腐蚀破坏机理,并讨论了激光重熔处理对涂层热腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层能显著提高TiAl合金的耐热腐蚀性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其耐热腐蚀性能.MCrAlY涂层在高温熔盐中的热腐蚀发生的是表面氧化反应和内部硫化反应,主要生成Al₂O₃,Cr₂O₃,NiO,NiCr₂O₄,Ni₃S₂及CrS等腐蚀产物.