高能量密度脉冲等离子体制备高硬耐磨TiN涂层

用高能量密度脉冲等离子体于室温下在硬质合金刀具上成功淀积了高硬耐磨TiN涂层．实验结果表明，涂层与基体有强的结合力，纳米划痕实验临界载荷达90mN以上；TiN涂层具有很高的硬度和Young’s模量，分别达27和450GPa以上．涂层刀具切削实验表明，刀具可用于硬度高达HRC58-62的CrVVMn钢切削，且磨损量较低，寿命长．     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

氮化硅陶瓷刀具表面涂覆高硬耐磨氮化钛涂层研究

用高能量密度脉冲等离子体于室温下在氮化硅陶瓷刀具上成功沉积了高硬耐磨的氮化钛涂层。薄膜厚度用光学显微镜和俄歇电子能谱仪测定，薄膜元素和相组成与分布分别用俄歇电子能谱仪、X光电子能谱以及X光衍射仪测定，薄膜微观结构用扫描电镜观察，薄膜表面粗糙度用光学显微镜测定，薄膜力学性能由纳米压痕实验和纳米划痕实验确定，薄膜的磨损性能用上业条件下的切削实验评价。实验结果表明，在最优化条件下，涂层与基体的结合力很好，纳米划痕实验临界载荷达80mN以上；氮化钛涂层具有很高的硬度和杨氏模量，分别达28GPa和350GPa以上。涂层刀具用于HB达2200MPa—2300MPa的HT250钢切削实验表明，刀具耐磨损能力增强，寿命明显提高。     

PVD涂层刀具高速铣削CoCrMo合金的性能研究

目的为了提高涂层硬质合金刀具的切削性能,研究了物理气相沉积PVD法制备的涂层硬质合金铣刀在高速干式环境下的铣削性能。方法采用阴极电弧技术制备了TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金铣刀刀头,通过一同沉积涂层的硬质合金圆片,间接测量得出涂层的显微硬度、厚度和平均摩擦系数,并以CoCrMo合金为切削对象,进行了PVD涂层与无涂层刀具高速铣削下的对比试验。结果TiAlSiN显微硬度最高达3800HV,摩擦系数达0.3,TiAlN涂层平均膜厚为2μm,间接测得TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层的结合力依次为60、58、42N。在三者的切削性能中,TiAlSiN涂层的切削性能比TiAlN和TiN涂层的好,同等切削参数时,TiN刀具的高速铣削时间最短,TiAlSiN涂层的平均磨损值为0.1895,TiN的平均磨损值为0.3047。结论涂层中添加Al、Si,极大地提高了刀具的使用性能,改善了刀具切削过程中的耐磨性、红硬性,极大地延长了刀具的使用寿命。TiAlSiN涂层的硬度高,耐磨损性好,切削性能好,适合高速铣削加工。     

TaC_p增强YG11C合金表面改性工艺及性能研究

选用自制烧结的YG11C/TaC_p硬质合金作基体,介绍了采用电弧离子镀在试样上沉积TiN、TiCN和ZrN涂层的工艺.利用维氏硬度计、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪表征了涂层的力学性能和组织结构.通过比较切削实验中刀具的磨损性,得出涂层刀具有更好的耐磨性能.研究表明,电弧离子镀TiN等涂层能使硬质合金刀具获得更好的使用性能.     

TiAlN涂层与Al_2O_3复合涂层刀具高温合金切削性能研究

为提升高温合金加工刀具的加工质量与效率,设计制备了用于金属陶瓷刀具的TiN/Al_2O_3/TiC/TiCN复合涂层(Al_2O_3复合涂层)与用于硬质合金刀具的TiAlN涂层。开展了进给量为单因素变量的切削实验,并从切削力变化、刀具磨损情况及被加工表面质量三方面验证对比刀具的切削性能。试验表明,涂层刀具的刃口钝化处理导致了其加工过程切削力的升高,其中TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具切削力变化较平稳;Al_2O_3复合涂层刀具加工过程中出现了涂层剥落现象,而TiAlN涂层刀具磨损较小;TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具获得的加工表面质量优于Al_2O_3复合涂层刀具。TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具在耐磨性、涂层粘着力及加工质量三方面均优于Al_2O_3复合涂层金属陶瓷刀具。     

TiN基纳米复合超硬薄膜的摩擦磨损特性

分别用磁控溅射、脉冲直流和射频等离子体辅助化学气相沉积(PCVD)技术得到了TiN、TiSiN、TiBN及Ti-C-N纳米复合超硬薄膜。用球盘式摩擦磨损试验考察了各种薄膜的磨损特性。结果表明此类纳米复合超硬薄膜的抗磨损性能比单纯的TiN薄膜有显著提高,但复合薄膜的室温摩擦因数较高,高温下摩擦因数也仅有轻微降低,可能由于表层生成减摩氧化层所致。特别对于TiSiN薄膜,随薄膜中Si含量的上升,其耐磨损性能有所下降。     

TiN涂层刀具切削淬硬H13钢切削性能试验研究

为研究TiN涂层刀具切削淬硬H13钢的切削性能,进行了TiN涂层刀具车削加工淬硬H13钢试验。分析了切削用量与切削力、切削温度的关系及涂层刀具磨损机制。研究得出切削速度、切削深度、进给量都对主切削力Fz和切深抗力Fx影响较大,对切削进给抗力Fy影响相对较小;切削速度对切削温度的影响最大;对刀具磨损观察发现刀具的前刀面有明显的月牙洼磨损,刀尖部位出现了微崩刃现象,后刀面出现磨粒磨损。研究结果为生产加工中优化切削用量及提高刀具寿命提供了技术支持和试验依据。     

切削刀具表面TiCN涂层的研究现状与发展

近年来,我国汽车产业迅猛发展,汽车机械零部件的需求给我国切削加工业带来了发展机遇和挑战.汽车安全性和舒适性的要求,国家节能减排、绿色制造的发展战略,指引切削技术向高速、高效、高精、绿色、智能方向发展,对刀具材料的使用性能也提出了更高要求.TiCN涂层刀具因具有高硬度和高耐磨性被大量应用,尤其是在有色金属及合金的切削加工上具有明显优势.综述了TiCN涂层的微观结构,指出C原子具有细化晶粒和抑制柱状晶形成的作用,涂层的结晶度和择优取向随C含量的改变而变化.总结了TiCN涂层的主要性能特点,包括硬度和致硬机理、耐磨性和减摩机理、热稳定性和热失效机制.介绍了TiCN涂层的沉积原理,指出各种制备方法的优缺点和关键工艺参数.分析了以TiCN为基进行改性获得的涂层的国内外最新研究现状,提出对TiCN涂层进行多层化、多元化以及纳米多层化,是进一步提高该涂层在高温条件下综合性能的方法,也是该涂层为适应高速切削、干式切削等新切削技术要求的发展方向.     

Ti6Al4V表面增强CrN和TiN薄膜

目的 研究表面增强氮化铬(CrN)和氮化钛(TiN)薄膜与Ti6Al4V(TC4)基体的适应性。方法 采用热丝增强等离子体磁控溅射技术,通过改变热丝放电电流,在TC4合金表面制备CrN、TiN薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、X–射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪、洛氏硬度计和摩擦磨损测试仪分别表征薄膜的组织形貌、成分、相结构、内应力、纳米硬度、弹性模量及耐磨性。结果 随着热丝放电电流从0 A增加至32 A,等离子体密度增大,薄膜表面形貌由较疏松的四棱锥形转变成致密球形,截面柱状晶排列更加致密;薄膜择优取向从低应变能的(111)取向转变为低表面能的(200)取向;无热丝放电时TiN薄膜内应力高于CrN薄膜,随着热丝放电电流的增大,TiN薄膜内应力逐渐低于CrN薄膜;并且随着热丝放电电流的增大,薄膜的弹性模量与硬度均增大,但相同试验条件下CrN薄膜的弹性模量与硬度均低于TiN薄膜;压痕检测结果表明,薄膜与基体结合完好;低载荷摩擦磨损检测结果表明,硬度及弹性模量较高的TiN薄膜磨损量最低。结论 在相同等离子体密度能量轰击下,硬度和弹性模量较高的TiN薄膜内应力增幅较小;低载荷磨损时,弹性模量及硬度较高、内应力较低的TiN薄膜更适用于Ti6Al4V基体的增强改性。     

Surface integrity assessment of laser treated and subsequently coated cemented carbides

Cemented carbides, referred to as hardmetals, are forefront engineering materials widely implemented in industry for chip-removal cutting tools and supporting parts. As a newly developed technology for surface modification with high precision, the application of short pulse laser may extend the utilization of cemented carbides. However, surface integrity of laser-treated materials may be affected during the ablation phenomena. These potential changes may also be relevant for subsequent coating deposition, a surface modification stage usually invoked in many cutting and forming tools. It is the objective of this work to study the influence of a previous laser treatment on the surface integrity of a cemented carbide grade, finally coated by a ceramic layer introduced by physical vapor deposition. In doing so, a nanosecond laser has been employed. Surface integrity is assessed in terms of roughness, hardness, and microstructural changes induced at the subsurface level. It is found that pulse laser can effectively remove the target material, resulting roughness being similar to that attained by abrasive grinding. Although some subsurface damage is observed, it is limited to a very shallow layer, this being thoroughly eliminated during sandblasting implemented before coating deposition. Relative hardness increase is larger for laser treated substrate than for just polished one, reason behind it being speculated to come from the sandblasting stage used for removing damaged layer.     

The effect of the multi-layer surface coating of carbide inserts on the cutting forces in turning operations

In this paper, the effects of the multi-layer hard surface coating of cutting tools on the cutting forces in steel turning are presented and discussed, based on an experimental investigation with different commercially available carbide inserts and tool geometries over a range of cutting conditions. The cutting forces when turning with surface coated carbide inserts are assessed and compared qualitatively and quantitatively with those for uncoated tools. It is shown that hard surface coatings reduce the cutting forces, although the reduction is marginal under lighter cutting conditions. The cutting force characteristics for surface coated tools are also discussed and shown to have similar trends to those of uncoated tools.     

涂层刀具微喷砂表面处理技术的进展

介绍了微喷砂表面处理技术进展及工作原理,分析了微喷砂处理对涂层刀具表面完整性、切削性能的影响。研究发现,微喷砂能够改善涂层刀具表面的粗糙度并提高涂层表面的残余压应力,进而提升刀具的切削性能并延长使用寿命。总结了微喷砂表面处理技术对涂层刀具表面的影响,并且对微喷砂表面处理技术进行了展望。研究结果为涂层刀具的表面处理和绿色智能制造提供了参考。     

CVD金刚石涂层刀具切削性能与磨损机理研究

针对普通刀具切削质量差、刀具耐用度低等问题，对CVD涂层刀具制备方法及切削性能进行研究。首先以硬质合金刀具为基体通过CVD方法制备金刚石涂层，分析涂层表面形貌。然后在不同条件下进行铝合金材料的干式切削试验，分析金刚石涂层对切削力、切削温度以及工件表面粗糙度的影响规律。最后，通过对刀具磨损机理的分析，讨论涂层对刀具使用寿命的影响。研究结果表明，所制备的涂层刀具能够降低切削力和切削温度，大大提高刀具的切削性能和工件的表面质量，并能有效提高刀具使用寿命。     

金刚石涂层刀具加工石墨的切削性能

为充分对比不同类型金刚石涂层刀具的切削性能,定制几种不同类型金刚石涂层刀具进行等静压石墨切削加工,并与WC硬质合金刀具和TiAlN涂层刀具的切削情况对比,分析不同类型金刚石涂层刀具的涂层形貌、切削寿命、加工后的表面质量以及切削力。结果表明:制备的金刚石涂层刀具的涂层形貌主要为纳米晶和微晶,其寿命是硬质合金和TiAlN涂层刀具的10倍以上,且几种不同类型的金刚石涂层刀具寿命差异较小;金刚石涂层表面的晶粒细化可以降低加工表面的粗糙度和切削力,涂层脱落是金刚石刀具的主要磨损形式。      

Cutting performance of PVD-coated carbide and CBN tools in hardmilling

In this study, cutting performance of CBN tools and PVD-coated carbide tools in end-milling of hardened steel was investigated. In high-speed dry hardmilling, two types of CBN tools were applied: the CBN-rich type and an ordinary one. In the case of relatively low-speed milling, on the other hand, a few coated carbide tools were selected where four kinds of coating films, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and multi-layered TiAlN/AlCrN, were deposited on the K10 and P30 grade carbide. The cutting performance was mainly evaluated by tool wear, cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness. In dry cutting of hardened carbon steel with the ordinary CBN tool, the cutting tool temperature rose rapidly with increase in cutting speed; and tool temperature reached approximately 850 °C at the cutting speed of 600 m/min. In the case of the CBN-rich tool, the cutting temperature decreased by 50 °C or more because of its high thermal conductivity. It is remarkable that tool wear or damage on a cutting tool was not observed even when the cutting length was 156 m in both CBN tools. In the case of coated carbide tools, the temperatures of TiN-, TiCN- and TiAlN-coated carbide tools rose as cutting proceeded because of the progress of tool wear, but that of TiAlN/AlCrN-coated carbide tool hardly rose due to little tool wear. When the base material was K10 grade carbide, tool temperature was lower than that of P30 with any coating. The tool flank wear depends considerably on hardness and oxidizing temperature of the coating film.     

多弧离子镀TiAlSiN梯度涂层制备及切削性能

针对含Si超硬涂层与基体结合强度不足,切削过程中涂层易发生剥落从而导致涂层刀具切削性能低的问题,采用离子源增强的多弧离子镀技术在硬质合金刀具上制备了不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN梯度涂层。利用XRD、SEM、OM以及切削试验探讨不同含Si层梯度结构对涂层物相、表面形貌、膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损以及切削性能的影响。结果显示：不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN涂层主要由固溶的（Ti,Al） N和（Al,Ti） N相组成。其中,低Si直接过渡的TiAlSiN涂层（S3）呈现出较高的硬度、良好的膜基结合力、较低的涂层残余应力和摩擦因数。铣削结果显示,涂层刀具的切削磨损机理主要表现为粘着磨损。当切削速度为80 m/min时,低Si过渡涂层（S3涂层）表现出更高的切削长度（925 m）,显著高于S1涂层的525 m;当切削速度由80 m/min增加至110 m/min时,S3涂层切削长度增加到1650 m。对含Si刀具涂层进行梯度设计,可有效提高涂层的膜-基结合强度和涂层刀具的切削性能。     

TiAlN,TiAlSiN涂层的制备及其切削性能

目的研究TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的微观结构及力学性能,以及硬质合金涂层刀具切削SUS304不锈钢的切削性能及磨损行为。方法采用阴极电弧离子镀技术在硬质合金试片及铣刀上分别制备纳微米TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层。通过X射线荧光测量系统测量涂层的厚度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层表面形貌,用能谱仪(EDAX)分析涂层元素成分,用X射线衍射(XRD)分析涂层晶相结构,用纳米压痕仪表征涂层硬度,用洛氏硬度计定性测量涂层结合力,通过高速铣削试验探究涂层刀具的切削性能及磨损行为。结果 TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的厚度分别为3.32μm和3.35μm,表面致密、光滑,高分辨率(20 000×)下观察到涂层表面有液滴、针孔及凹坑存在。Si元素促进了Ti N(200)晶相的生长,晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加。TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的显微硬度分别为29.6 GPa及37.7 GPa,结合力分别满足VDI-3198工业标准的HF3和HF1等级。在130 m/min的高速切削条件下,TiAlSiN涂层刀具寿命约为未涂层刀具的5倍,TiAlN涂层刀具的1.5倍。结论 Si掺杂制备的TiAlSiN涂层具有高的硬度及良好的抗粘附性,更适用于不锈钢材料的高速切削加工。     

Experimental investigation on the effect of the material microstructure on tool wear when machining hard titanium alloys: Ti–6Al–4V and Ti-555

An experimental investigation was conducted in this work to analyze the effect of the workpiece microstructure on tool wear behavior and stability of the cutting process during marching difficult to cut titanium alloys: Ti–6Al–4V and Ti-555. The analysis of tool–chip interface parameters such as friction, temperature rise, tool wear and workpiece microstructure evolution under different cutting conditions have been investigated. As the cutting speed increases, mean cutting forces and temperature show different progressions depending on the considered microstructure. Results show that wear modes of cutting tools used for machining the Ti-555 alloy exhibit contrast from those obtained for machining the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Because of the fine-sized microstructure of the near-β titanium Ti-555, abrasion mode was often found to be the dominate wear mode for cemented cutting tools. However, adhesion and diffusion modes followed by coating delamination process were found as the main wear modes when machining the usual Ti–6Al–4V alloy by the same cutting tools. Moreover, a deformed layer was detected using SEM–EDS analysis from the sub-surface of the chip with β-grains orientation along the chip flow direction. The analysis of the microstructure confirms the intense deformation of the machined surface and shows a texture modification.     

Soft physical vapour deposition coatings—a new coating family for high performance cutting tools

The joint effort of a cutting tool manufacturer and a coating specialist has led to the development of a cutting tool coating based on a soft solid lubricant (patents pending). It is applied by an advanced sputtering technique as a very thin uniform coating with a good adherence to the tools. It has a low coefficient of friction and a low affinity to alloy materials such as aluminium, titanium and precious metals. These factors and others allow machining at high spindle speeds and feed rates with an excellent workpiece surface finish. Values can be maintained which are far superior to even those permitted for cemented carbide tools. In some cases productivity and tool life can be increased by a factor of up to 20.