Fe3Al金属间化合物激光熔覆层的组织结构

以纯Fe3Al粉为主要原料在钢基体表面激光熔覆Fe3Al金属间化合物。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射等法对熔覆合金层、合金层与钢基体的结合界面等进行了显微组织及相结构的分析。实验结果获得了致密、无肉眼可见气孔、夹杂物,但存在少量裂纹的合金层,合金层与基体间完全冶金结合;熔覆合金层主要由单相Fe3Al构成,覆层组织为粗大等轴状晶团,等轴状晶团由大量极细小的条状Fe3Al晶粒构成,一些相邻的条状晶粒之间具有基本一致的晶体学取向。     

激光熔覆制备Fe3Al覆层的研究

以纯Fe3Al粉为原料在钢基体表面激光熔覆制备Fe3Al金属间化合物。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射实验方法等对熔覆合金层、合金层与钢基体的结合界面等进行了显微组织与物相结构的分析。实验结果获得了致密、无肉眼可见气孔、夹杂，但存在少量裂纹的合金层，合金层与基体间完全冶金结合；熔覆合金层主要由单相Fe3Al构成，覆层组织为粗大等轴状晶团，等轴状晶团由大量极细小的条状Fe3Al晶粒构成，一些相邻的条状晶粒之间具有基本一致的晶体学取向。熔覆合金层显微硬度约为500HV。     

Cr和Nb对Fe3Al合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

研究了利用热挤压细化晶粒及Cr和Nb合金化对Fe_3Al合金室温至高温拉伸性能和组织结构的影响。结果表明,晶粒细化可以提高Fe_3Al合金的强度和塑性;Cr具有韧化合金、提高解理强度的作用。400℃以上更明显;Nb的加入析出含Al的Fe_2Nb相,具有沉淀强化的作用,Nb和Cr的同时加入,明显提高550℃时的峰值屈服强度。     

TiAl_3对TiC粒子在铝基体中分布及α(Al)晶粒形核的影响

研究TiC和TiAl_3细化工业纯铝时TiAl_3的存在对TiC在铝基体中分布及α(Al)晶粒形核的影响,分析Al-Ti-C晶粒细化机制.结果表明:TiC单独作为工业纯铝的晶粒细化剂时,大量TiC被α(Al)晶粒推向树枝晶的晶界处,从而限制了TiC的异质形核作用;当TiC和TiAl_3共同作为晶粒细化剂时,在α(Al)晶粒内部出现了大量TiC粒子,大量的TiC粒子成为了α(Al)的结晶核心,并且在TiC颗粒和铝基体的界面处存在"富Ti过渡区";TiAl_3在铝熔体中分解释放出Ti原子并向TiC粒子周围偏聚,形成的"TiC/铝熔体界面富Ti过渡区" 改善了TiC与α(Al)的结构适应性,降低了TiC粒子的表面张力,促进了TiC粒子在铝熔体中的均匀分布,提高了其形核能力.     

高场高JcNb3Al基Al5多芯线材

符合化学计量比的Nb3Al比Nb3Sn工业超导线材具有更高的Tc和Hc2值。但是,除了在2000℃附近的高温下,化学计量比的Nb3Al是不稳定的。此外,通过在铌与铝之间的固态反应生成Nb3Al的速率也很慢。为了克服扩散反应慢的缺点,出现了各种各样的增加微复合线中Nb/Al扩散偶密度的工艺方法,例如卷心工艺、粉末冶金工艺、棒材装管工艺和包覆挤压工艺等。低温扩散反应和Nb/Al微复合可使Nb3Al多芯线材具有很好的应变容许极限和在低场下有高的Jc。但是,Nb3Al芯若偏离化学计量比,其Tc和Hc2(4.2K)却相当低。6年前,日本国家金属研究所Y. Iiji…     

Nd和Gd对Mg-3Al合金的细晶行为及影响机理

以Mg-3Al合金为研究对象，基于边-边匹配(E2EM)模型和相图计算，分析Al-X金属间化合物与α-Mg的晶面和原子错配度及其熔点，筛选Mg-Al-X合金中潜在的异质形核物相，探究筛选的Al₂Nd和Al₂Gd对Mg-3Al合金晶粒尺寸的影响，分析Nd和Gd对Mg-3Al合金物相组成和显微组织的影响，揭示Nd和Gd对Mg-3Al合金的细晶机理。结果表明：添加适量Nd和Gd元素可以有效减小Mg-3Al合金晶粒尺寸，提升合金屈服强度。当分别添加3%Nd、3%Gd(质量分数)后，Mg-3Al合金晶粒尺寸由(145±9)μm分别减小至(81±5)μm、(76±4)μm，分别降低了44%、48%，合金屈服强度由65 MPa提升至76～79 MPa，伸长率可达12.7%～16.5%。其细晶机理为Al₂RE(Nd,Gd)颗粒作为α-Mg晶粒的异质形核质点细化晶粒。     

MA-PAS和MA-HP烧结制备的Fe_3Al金属间化合物的组织和力学性能

以机械合金化Fe-28%Al（摩尔分数）合金粉末为原料,分别采用等离子活化烧结（PAS）和热压烧结（HP）方法制备致密度高达99%的Fe3Al金属间化合物。XRD和TEM测试结果表明：PAS烧结试样保留了机械合金化粉末的A2无序结构,并呈现出亚微米晶粒区域（〉1μm）和纳米晶粒区域（〈500nm）双峰分布的特征,而HP烧结试样为部分D03有序结构,晶粒尺寸在1～2μm的范围内。压缩试验表明：在室温至800℃的条件下,采用两种方法烧结的Fe3Al金属间化合物具有近似的压缩强度,虽然当温度超过400℃后压缩屈服强度均急剧下降,但在800℃时其压缩屈服强度仍高达100MPa,远高于铸造态Fe3Al金属间化合物。相比于HP烧结和铸造态Fe3Al金属间化合物,PAS烧结Fe3Al金属间化合物表现出优异的室温塑性,其室温压缩工程应变为20%。组织结构分析和力学性能测试结果表明,超细晶无序组织有利于Fe3Al金属间化合物室温塑性和高温强度的同时增强。     

Al2O3的W金属化及其与Nb的Pd钎焊研究

在考察Al2O3(95%Al2O3瓷和Al2O3单晶)的W-Y2O3金属化工艺的基础上,制备Al2O3单晶/Pd/Nb的高温钎焊接头,分析Al2O3的W-Y2O3金属化和Al2O3 /Nb的Pd钎焊机制.结果表明:在Al2O3基体和金属化层界面附近存在Y元素的偏聚行为,同时伴随着Al含量的下降.这是由于金属化过程中陶瓷/金属化层界面新生固相产物扩散的结果,且其扩散主要为朝金属化层方向.高温钎焊过程中,金属化层中的W元素和金属Nb扩散进入几乎整个Pd焊料层,这使得在Nb/Pd界面附近及焊料层内形成脆性固溶体或金属间化合物,从而导致微裂纹产生.     

反应合成Ti3Al/TiC＋Al2O3复合材料烧结过程热力学分析

将高能球磨后的Ti-Al粉末和TiC,Al2O3粉末混合进行热压烧结,在烧结的过程中反应生成金属间化合物为增强相的复合材料.通过对粉料的X射线衍射分析、热分析（DSC）和烧结体的成分分析表明,最终的金属间化合物只有Ti3Al而没有其它金属间化合物相.通过热力学计算,分析了反应烧结过程并发现在低温由固相间原子扩散控制生成TiAl3,TiAl,Ti3Al的渐进过程,和在高温下金属间化合物的合成机理,而且增强相和基体界面间处于稳定状态.     

多孔Fe3Al金属间化合物的试验研究

通过粉末冶金添加挥发性造孔剂的方法制备多孔Fe3Al金属间化合物，分析了造孔剂的加入量和成形压力对开孔隙率以及渗透性的影响。通过图像分析与处理技术，利用Matlab语言设计了计算多孔Fe3Al金属间化合物信息维的应用程序，并以此为基础分析不同孔结构的信息维。     

A mechanism for the poisoning effect of silicon on the grain refinement of Al–Si alloys

The poisoning effect of excess Si solute on the grain-refining potency of Al–Ti–B grain refiners in Al–Si casting alloys has been studied in a crystallographic investigation. The edge-to-edge matching model was used for investigating and comparing the possible poisoning effects of several binary and ternary intermetallic compounds containing Si and Ti. The results show that the poisoning effect is probably due to the formation of a Ti₅Si₃ coating on the surface of TiAl₃, because the Ti₅Si₃ phase has a much better crystallographic matching with TiAl₃ than it does with the Al matrix. However, TiB₂ particles appear to survive because an excessively large misfit prevents the Ti₅Si₃ phase from forming on the surface of TiB₂. The implications of this proposed mechanism are discussed in the light of current practical casting solutions and the continuing debate on the grain refinement mechanism.     

The grain refinement mechanism of cast aluminium by zirconium

The mechanism underlying the grain refinement of cast aluminium by zirconium has been studied through examination of a range of Al alloys with increasing Zr contents. Pro-peritectic Al₃Zr particles are reproducibly identified at or near the grain centres in grain-refined alloy samples based on the observations of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. From the crystallographic study using the edge-to-edge matching model, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, it is substantiated that the Al₃Zr particles are highly potent nucleants for Al. In addition, the effects of Al₃Zr particle size and distribution on grain refinement has also been investigated. It has been found that the active Al₃Zr particles are bigger than previously reported other types of active particles, such as TiB₂ for heterogeneous nucleation in Al alloys. Considering the low growth restriction effect of Zr in Al (the maximum Q-value of Zr in Al is 1.0 K), it is suggested that the significant grain refinement of Al resulting from the addition of Zr can be mainly attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation facilitated by the in situ formed Al₃Zr particles.     

Fe_3Al和FeAl合金的高温氧化行为

研究了含Nb、Nb和Cr的Fe_3Al合金,含Zr的FeAl合金在1050℃的氧化行为。结果表明Fe_3Al和FeAl合金氧化增重均符合抛物线规律。对于Fe_3Al合金,氧化层由Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3组成;加入少量Nb,增加了氧化层的粘附性,从而改善合金的抗氧化性。对FeAl合金,氧化层为Al_2O_3;Zr的加入,虽然引起合金的内氧化,但却提高Al_2O_3的粘附性。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金铸态Al3(Sc，Zr)相形貌的研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究Sc细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金铸态组织的机制和一次Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子的形貌特征。结果表明:从熔体中析出的Al3(Sc,Zr)一次粒子是α(Al)固溶体的有效形核剂,该粒子以亚稳的L12型Al3Zr为核心,形成富钪与富锆Al3(Sc,Zr)层相间排列的多层复合结构。在Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.15Zr合金中添加0.20%～0.60%(质量分数)的钪,合金的铸态组织由粗大的树枝晶变为等轴晶,随着钪含量的增加,合金铸态组织得到进一步细化。     

Al-Ti-C与Al-Ti-B晶粒细化剂的Zr中毒机理

通过采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等对Al-Ti-Zr-C与Al-Ti-Zr-B试验合金中Al3Zr、Al3Ti、TiC或TiB2等第二相粒子结合情况的观察,研究晶粒细化剂的Zr中毒机理。结果表明:两种实验铝合金的凝固组织中Al3Zr均容易与Al3Ti结合形成聚积体,从而抑制了Al3Ti异质形核、细化晶粒的作用,出现所谓晶粒细化剂的Zr中毒现象;而TiC、TiB2粒子基本不与Al3Zr结合,但受Al3Zr的影响出现了团聚现象。根据边-边匹配晶体学模型(E2EM)计算表明:Al3Zr与Al3Ti、α-Ti具有多种可能的共格位向关系,而与TiC/TiB2粒子均只有一种可能的共格位向关系。母相-新相的共格位向关系的多少可作为晶粒细化剂设计的晶体学理论参考。     

铝合金细化相Al3(Zr,Sc)的能量和弹性性质的第一性原理研究

微合金化是强化铝合金的重要手段，Sc作为铝合金有效的细化剂而引起广泛关注。实验研究表明，在铝基体中同时添加Zr和Sc，在铝基质中形成Al3(Zr,Sc)细化相，可以实现更好的晶粒细化。本文基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法，系统地研究了不同Sc/Zr配比下形成的Al3(Zr,Sc)细化相的能量和弹性性质。结果表明，当Sc/Zr不高于1/3时，Al3(Zr,Sc)相具有较大的形成焓绝对值，细化相将优先于Al3(Zr,Sc)相析出。同时，Sc元素的加入有利于界面的形成，提高界面的结合强度和润湿效果，但高于1/3的Sc/Zr比对界面性能的提高并无积极作用。并且，Zr的加入可以有效提高细化相的弹性性能，并削弱Al3Sc的弹性各向异性特征。此理论研究指出，微合金化Zr和Sc的共同添加时Sc/Zr不高于1/3时，可以保证细化效果并大大降低合金的成本。     

HYDROGEN PULVERIZATION OF Nb_3Al AND NbCr_2 ALLOYS

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Grain refining action of Al–5Ti–C and Al–TiC master alloys with Al–5Ti master alloy addition for commercial purity aluminium

Al–Ti–C master alloys have a great potential as efficient grain refiners for aluminium and its alloys. In the present work, the Al–5Ti–C, Al–TiC and Al–5Ti master alloys have been successfully prepared by a method of liquid solidification reactions. While the Al–5Ti–C master alloy consists of some strip- or needle-like TiAl₃, and in addition to TiC particles in the Al matrix, the Al–TiC master alloy revealed the presence of only TiC particles, and the Al–5Ti master alloy consists of only some blocky TiAl₃ particles. A united refinement technology by Al–5Ti–C+Al–5Ti and Al–TiC+Al–5Ti master alloys was put forward in this paper. The blocky TiAl₃ particles in Al–5Ti master alloy can not only improve the grain refinement efficiency of Al–5Ti–C and Al–TiC master alloys but also reduce the consumption because the blocky TiAl₃ particles improve the grain refinement efficiency of TiC particles in Al–5Ti–C and Al–TiC master alloys.     

Revisiting the role of peritectics in grain refinement of Al alloys

The grain refining effect of four peritectic-forming solutes (Ti, V, Zr and Nb) as well as three eutectic-forming solutes (Cu, Mg and Si) on pure Al was investigated. Significant grain refinement is observed by the addition of peritectic-forming solutes, whereas the addition of eutectic-forming solutes only slightly decreases the grain size. The mechanisms underlying the grain refinement of these alloys were then studied by a new analytical methodology for assessing grain refinement that incorporates the effects of both alloy chemistry and nucleant potency. It is found that the low degree of grain refinement by the addition of eutectic-forming solutes is mainly attributed to the segregating power of solutes, i.e. the constitutional undercooling contribution. However, peritectic-forming solutes do not only cause grain refinement by their segregation power but, more importantly, they introduce copious potent nuclei into the melt and promote significant grain refinement via heterogeneous nucleation.     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金相组成和力学性能的影响

利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量为6.0%,7.0%,8.0%(质量分数)的锆铝二元合金,通过退火过程中的包析反应得到了不同相组成的Zr3Al基合金,借助光学显微镜、XRD分析研究了合金的金相组织和相组成,进行了显微硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明:铸态的锆铝合金显微硬度随着铝含量的增加而增大;退火可得到组织均匀的Zr3Al基合金,其显微硬度和抗拉强度主要与相组成和基体晶粒大小有关,而与第二相的形态无关;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度随着Zr3Al相的增多而增大,延伸率随着Zr3Al相的增多而减小;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率随着Zr3Al晶粒的细化而不同程度地增大。