钢表面离子束改性类金铡石膜层性能

离子束沉积类金刚石膜是钢表面改性的一项新技术,类金刚石改性膜层显微硬度和表面电阻率在特定轰击能量下出现了峰值;双离子呸轰击混合界面可以提高膜层显微硬度并使峰值向低能量方向偏移,而且大大增强膜基结合强度。在大气环境中,改性膜层对钢的摩擦系数达到０．０８０～０．１８０,在摩擦过程中起减摩作用。另一方面。类金刚石膜层显著提高钢的耐磨性,试验表明,４０Ｃｒ钢表面镀膜后其磨损量是镀膜前的１／２７４。类金刚石     

离子束辅助轰击对电弧离子镀沉积TiAIN膜层的影响

采用俄罗斯UVN0．5D2I离子束辅助电弧离子镀沉积设备,在高速钢W18C14V基材上沉积TiAlN膜层;利用N离子束对膜层沉积之前的预处理和膜层沉积时的辅助轰击,并用SEM、X射线衍射和力学测试等手段研究了N离子束轰击对膜层表面形貌、相结构、显微硬度影响．结果表明：N离子束的预处理在基材表面形成了一定厚度N的过渡层;N离子束对膜层的辅助轰击,明显地降低了膜层表面“大颗粒”的密度,改善了膜层的表面形貌;同时,形成了由过渡层成分与膜层成分动态混合的扩散层;无N离子轰击时,TiMN膜层是由（TiM）N相和Ti：A1N相组成;轰击能量为7．5keV时,TiMN膜层也是由（TiAl）N相和Ti：MN相组成,但（TiM）N（111）取向减弱,而（200）和（220）取向均增强;Ti,A1N（211）及（301）取向均减弱．N离子束辅助轰击,使膜层的显微硬度由原来的21GPa提高到25．3GPa．     

离子束辅助轰击对电弧离子镀沉积TiAlN膜层的影响

采用俄罗斯UVN 0.5D2I离子束辅助电弧离子镀沉积设备,在高速钢W18Cr4V基材上沉积TiAlN膜层;利用N离子束对膜层沉积之前的预处理和膜层沉积时的辅助轰击,并用SEM、X射线衍射和力学测试等手段研究了N离子束轰击对膜层表面形貌、相结构、显微硬度影响.结果表明:N离子束的预处理在基材表面形成了一定厚度N的过渡层;N离子束对膜层的辅助轰击,明显地降低了膜层表面"大颗粒"的密度,改善了膜层的表面形貌;同时,形成了由过渡层成分与膜层成分动态混合的扩散层;无N离子轰击时,TiAlN膜层是由(TiAl)N相和Ti2AlN相组成;轰击能量为7.5 keV时,TiAlN膜层也是由(TiAl)N相和Ti2AlN相组成,但(TiAl)N(111)取向减弱,而(200)和(220)取向均增强;Ti2AlN(211)及(301)取向均减弱.N离子束辅助轰击,使膜层的显微硬度由原来的21 GPa提高到25.3 GPa.     

低能离子束轰击对Ti和Ti—N膜组织与性能的影响

研究了用能量为3．0keV－4．0keV，束流为80mA－200mA的低能氮和氩离子束对Ti膜进行轰击的作用以及用低能氮离子束对真空电弧沉积Ti－N膜层辅助沉积作用。结果表明：用低能氮离子束对Ti膜进行轰击可以形成Ti2N相，在（204）晶面出现一定的择优取向，并对Ti膜层有一定的强化作用；在低能氮离子束对真空电弧辅助沉积过程中，膜层表现为较高的显微硬度；随低能离子束能量的增大，真空电弧沉积膜层中Ti2N相增多，在（002）晶面出现择优取向，膜层晶粒有粗化的趋势，但显微硬度却增加，这与Hall-Petch公式不符。     

低合金钢涂覆类金刚石膜耐蚀性能测试

用自制的多功能离子束辅助沉积设备在20Cr和40Cr低合金钢上沉积类金刚石膜，通过失重法，电化学方法研究低合金钢镀膜前后在不同腐蚀介质中的耐蚀行为，实验结果表明，低合金钢沉积类金刚石膜后，腐蚀速度降低，其抗全面腐蚀的性能与2Cr13不锈钢接近，而且类金刚石膜显著提高了低合金钢基抗点蚀的能力，失重法和稳态极化曲线法所得结果吻合。     

低温渗氮对水泵用0Cr13Ni4Mo钢表面改性研究

为提高马氏体不锈钢0Cr13Ni4Mo的耐磨性,对水泵叶片进行表面处理,具体为分别在450℃、480℃和510℃对其进行2 h的盐浴渗氮。使用显微硬度计、XRD衍射仪、光镜、电化学工作站、摩擦磨损试验机及SEM等设备,研究了渗氮温度对0Cr13Ni4Mo钢的表面物相、硬度、渗层显微形貌、耐蚀性以及耐磨性的影响。结果显示:随着渗氮温度升高,物相由氮原子在马氏体中的过饱和固溶体α'N转变为Cr N和γ'相,材料点蚀电位下降,同时表面硬度增加,510℃处理后可达HV 1 200,渗层厚度为20μm,Cr N相大量析出,点蚀电位下降360 m V,磨损体积为未渗氮样品的17.6%,减磨效果明显。     

复合表面改性协同增强Ti合金高温微动疲劳抗力

研究了Ti811（Ti8A11MolV）钛合金表面离子束增强沉积（IBED）0Cr18Ni9膜层的膜基界面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层硬度和摩擦学行为。利用喷丸形变强化对IBED膜层进行后处理，拟达到联合提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力的目的。结果表明：离子束增强沉积技术可以获得致密度高，晶粒细化，孔隙率低，膜基结合强度高的0Cr18Ni9膜层，从而显著提高了钛合金表面硬度和耐磨性能；离子束增强沉积0Cr18Ni9膜层的耐磨性能与喷丸形变强化引入的表层残余压应力协同作用，使Ti811合金在350℃高温下的微动疲劳抗力显著提高，并且高于喷丸强化或IBED膜层的单独作用。     

沉积类金刚石膜过程对钛箔基体性能和组织的影响

本文采用真空阴极电弧沉积方法，研究在成形Ｔｉ箔上沉积类金刚石膜以制备ＤＬＣ／Ｔｉ复合扬声器振膜过程中，Ｔｉ箔性能与组织的变化时发现，镀前的“轰击”处理使Ｔｉ箔发生完全再结晶，基体显微硬度下降；随后的镀膜过程使基体显微度回升，其回升幅度主要与沉积速率、沉积温度、膜层厚度等因素有关。     

调质钢电子束表面处理组织及性能分析

利用强流脉冲电子束对调质钢(40Cr)进行表面处理,分析处理后试样表面形貌、组织结构以及截面显微硬度.研究表明:40Cr钢经电子束处理后,近表层晶粒明显细化,分布着细小针状组织,表层熔化厚度约为2~3 μm.表层几百微米显微硬度明显增加,8次和25次轰击后,峰值硬度在次表层约80 μm处,增幅达50 %左右,硬度影响深度分别为750 μm和1 500 μm.     

高铬铁基等离子束表面冶金层的耐空蚀性能研究

用等离子束表面冶金法在低碳钢表面制备了高铬铁基冶金层,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、超声振荡磁致伸缩仪等研究了冶金层的组织形态和耐空蚀性能;用扫描电子显微镜对空蚀过程中冶金层的形貌变化进行了跟踪观察,并对空蚀破坏的过程进行了分析.结果表明,Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Si-C冶金层有较高的显微硬度,经42 h空蚀试验后累积的质量损失量为0Cr13Ni6Mo不锈钢的1.227倍,具有一定的耐空蚀性能.加入0.17wt%的RE后冶金层晶粒细化,组织均匀致密,显微硬度明显提高,经42 h空蚀试验后累积的质量损失量仅为0Cr13Ni6Mo不锈钢的0.507倍,耐空蚀性能有显著改善.     

偏压对DLC薄膜结构及摩擦学性能的影响

目的通过调节偏压,改善无氢DLC薄膜的微观结构,提高其力学性能和减摩抗磨性能。方法采用离子束辅助增强磁控溅射系统,沉积不同偏压工艺的DLC薄膜。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察薄膜表面形貌,采用拉曼光谱仪对薄膜的微观结构进行分析,采用纳米压痕仪测试薄膜硬度及弹性模量,采用表面轮廓仪测定薄膜沉积前/后基体曲率变化,并计算薄膜的残余应力,采用大载荷划痕仪分析薄膜与不锈钢基体的结合力,采用TRB球-盘摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜的摩擦学性能,采用白光共聚焦显微镜测量薄膜磨痕轮廓,并计算薄膜的磨损率。结果偏压对DLC薄膜表面形貌、微观结构、力学性能、摩擦学性能都有不同程度的影响。偏压升高导致碳离子能量升高,表面粗糙度呈现先减小后增加的趋势,-400V的薄膜表面具有最小的表面粗糙度且C─C sp^3键含量最多,这也导致了此偏压下薄膜的硬度最大。薄膜的结合性能与碳离子能量大小呈正相关,-800 V时具有3.98 N的最优结合性能。不同偏压工艺制备的薄膜摩擦系数随湿度的增加,均呈现减小的趋势,偏压为-400V时,薄膜在不同湿度环境中均显示出最优的摩擦学性能。结论偏压为-400 V时,DLC薄膜综合性能最优,其表面粗糙度、硬度、结合力和摩擦系数分别为2.5 nm、17.1 GPa、2.81 N和0.11。     

Duplex diamond-like carbon film fabricated on 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel using inner surface ion implantation and deposition

A duplex plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) process, involving carbon ion implantation and diamond-like carbon (DLC) film deposition, is proposed to treat the inner surface of a tube. Samples of 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel were placed inside the tube to investigate the performance of the films. Carbon ion implantation was finished by biasing the tube with a high voltage, and the DLC film deposition was obtained by biasing the tube with a medium voltage. Raman spectrum, ball-on-disc, indentation and scratch tests were used to investigate the structure, tribological property and adhesion strength of the as-deposited films. The Raman spectrum shows that the sp³ bonding is formed in the as-synthesized film. Tribological and scratch test results reveal that the duplex DLC coating with the implantation time of 1 h has the largest adhesion strength and the best wear resistance.     

强流脉冲电子束表面改性30SiMn2MoVA钢的耐磨性能

目的提高30SiMn2MoVA钢表面的耐磨性。方法通过强流脉冲电子束技术,对30SiMn2MoVA钢表面进行不同脉冲次数的轰击处理,分析表面改性前后试样的硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果强流脉冲电子束处理30SiMn2MoVA钢表面晶粒细化,产生宏观残余应力使表面硬度提高。30次脉冲处理后,硬度达到最大值,相比于原始试样提高了39.6%。材料的磨损量随脉冲次数的增加而降低,表面耐磨性比原始试样提高了1倍左右,其中30次脉冲处理后,耐磨性提高最大。结论通过强流脉冲电子束技术,提高了30SiMn2MoVA钢表面的耐磨性。     

Plasma immersion ion implantation induced improvements of mechanical properties, wear resistance, and adhesion of diamond-like carbon films deposited on tool steel

Nitrogen-rich layers are formed on the surface of JIS-SKH51 tool steel substrates using the plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique. An unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) system is then used to coat the steel substrates with diamond-like carbon (DLC) films of various thicknesses. The adhesive strength and wear resistance of the DLC films are then examined by performing nanoscratch and nanowear tests. Finally, the microstructures of the DLC films are analyzed using TEM and Raman spectroscopy. The nanoindentation test results show that the PIII treatment yields an effective improvement in both the hardness and the Young's modulus of the SKH51 substrates. Moreover, cross-sectional observations show that the implantation depth and microstructure of the nitrogen-rich surface layer are dependent on the nitrogen/hydrogen flow ratio used in the PIII process. The nanoscratch test results show that the PIII treatment improves the adhesion of the DLC film to the steel substrate. Furthermore, the Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the use of hydrogen in the PIII process limits the increase in the I(D)/I(G) ratio by increasing the DLC film thickness. Finally, the nanowear test results show that the deposition of a DLC coating with a sufficient thickness yields a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the steel substrate.     

Corrosion and Wear Behaviors of Cr-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings

A combination of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering techniques has been employed to deposit chromium-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on stainless steel, silicon and glass substrates. The concentrations of Cr in the coatings are varied by changing the parameters of the bipolar pulsed power supply and the argon/acetylene gas composition. The coatings have been studied for composition, morphology, surface nature, nanohardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance properties. The changes in I _D /I _G ratio with Cr concentrations have been obtained from Raman spectroscopy studies. Ratio decreases with an increase in Cr concentration, and it has been found to increase at higher Cr concentration, indicating the disorder in the coating. Carbide is formed in Cr-doped DLC coatings as observed from XPS studies. There is a decrease in sp ³/sp ² ratios with an increase in Cr concentration, and it increases again at higher Cr concentration. Nanohardness studies show no clear dependence of hardness on Cr concentration. DLC coatings with lower Cr contents have demonstrated better corrosion resistance with better passive behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution, and corrosion potential is observed to move toward nobler (more positive) values. A low coefficient of friction (0.15) at different loads is observed from reciprocating wear studies. Lower wear volume is found at all loads on the Cr-doped DLC coatings. Wear mechanism changes from abrasive wear on the substrate to adhesive wear on the coating.     

铝硅合金表面激光Cr／WC梯度层组织及抗微动磨损性能研究

利用5kWCO2激光器对铸造铝硅合金表面进行两次激光辐照,先后将不同成分的预置合金粉末和基体材料一起熔化后迅速凝固,在其表面获得Cr/WC激光表面梯度层,并对它们的显微组织进行分析,发现在表面梯度层中存在大量的Al/Cr化合物Al9Cr4。在激光表面梯度层中自表及里显微硬度基本呈连续变化趋势,而单次激光表面合金化层与基体之间的显微硬度值有一突变,在基体和激光表面改性层的微动磨损试验中发现,激光改性后的表面抗微动磨损的能力增强,磨损机制不同于铝硅合金基体,而表现出较好的抗粘着损伤性能。     

Cr12MoV钢表面激光熔覆多层Ni基合金涂层的组织及性能

使用脉冲Nd:YAG激光器在Cr12MoV模具钢表面熔覆了Ni20Cr和Ni60A多层Ni基合金耐磨涂层,并使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析了涂层的物相和显微组织。同时运用显微维氏硬度计以及高速往复摩擦磨损试验机对比分析了涂层与基体的硬度及耐磨性。结果表明,采用Ni20Cr作为打底层的多层Ni基合金涂层,能有效改善涂层与基体的冶金结合,大大减少涂层中的裂纹、气孔等缺陷。涂层表面物相主要为g-(Fe, Ni)、FeNi₃、BNi₃、Cr₃C₂以及Ni-Cr-Fe;涂层底部至表面的组织为胞状树枝晶、柱状树枝晶、择优生长树枝晶以及等轴树枝晶。Ni60A涂层大大提高了Cr12MoV模具钢的表面硬度,涂层表面显微硬度最高可达到1000 HV0.2,是基体的1.6倍。Ni60A涂层耐磨损性能明显优于基体,较基体提高了2.0~3.3倍。在Cr12MoV模具钢表面激光熔覆多层Ni基合金涂层后,形成了Cr₃C₂、Ni-Cr-Fe等硬质相,可有效提高其表面的硬度和耐磨性,起到降低模具在使用过程中因摩擦磨损而报废的概率,从而进一步延长模具的使用寿命。     

Diamond-like carbon films synthesized on bearing steel surface by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were synthesized by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) on 9Cr18 bearing steel surface. Influences of working gas pressure and pulse width of the bias voltage on properties of the thin film were investigated. The chemical compositions of the as-deposited films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The micro-hardness, friction and wear behavior, corrosion resistance of the samples were evaluated, respectively. Compared with uncoated substrates, micro-hardness results reveal that the maximum is increased by 88.7%. In addition, the friction coefficient decreases to about 0.1, and the corrosion resistance of treated coupons surface are improved significantly.     

单源低能离子束辅助沉积类金刚石薄膜结构及性能研究

用单源低能氩离子束辅助沉积（ＩＢＡＤ）法制备了非晶碳薄膜．氩离子能量为４００－１５００ｅＶ．膜面光滑致密，与衬底的结合力较高。用Ｒａｍａｎ，ＦＴＩＲ，ＨＲＴＥＭ，ＴＥＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＥＲＤ及ＲＢＳ研究了薄膜的形貌、结构和组分，测量了膜的电阻率、显微硬度及摩擦系数．薄膜为无定形的类金刚石（ＤＬＣ）．其中含氢约为２０５ａｔ．－％，碳原子与氢原子几乎没有形成Ｃ－Ｈ键．随着离子束能量及束流的增加，显微硬度、摩擦系数增加，电阻率减小．硬度增加是由于薄膜致密度的增加，而电阻率降低是由于膜中金刚石键（ｓｐ~３键）含量减少的缘故．