加工及热处理对铂棒晶粒组织的影响

纯铂作为目前应用于半导体、医疗等领域的重要贵金属材料，晶粒组织均匀性、整体尺寸对材料的使用性能至关重要。利用金相显微镜及显微硬度计对不同工艺方法制得的纯铂棒材的晶粒形貌观察，并通过定量软件进行统计计算，研究了锻压、冷加工变形量、退火工艺对铂棒晶粒均匀性的影响。结果表明，80%变形量纯铂在700℃保温1.5 h，再结晶基本完成；40%小变形量纯铂在900℃保温1.5 h，晶粒长大，平均晶粒度达到155.2 μm，整体均匀性最佳。获得一种可得到细小均匀再结晶晶粒组织的纯铂棒材的加工工艺:对铸棒进行锻造、冷轧，冷轧道次变形量为5%~10%，最终变形量为80%，成型铂棒700℃退火1.5 h，晶粒度可到达47.8 μm，硬度为46.07，满足纯铂棒材的使用要求。     

退火温度对ECAP+CR制备的超细晶钛组织及性能影响

工业纯钛经105°模具1道次ECAP(equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)变形与冷轧(cold rolling,CR)复合变形获得超细晶钛,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、单向拉伸测试及显微硬度测试等方法,研究退火温度对ECAP+CR制备的超细晶钛组织及性能的影响。结果表明:超细晶钛平均晶粒尺寸约为130 nm,抗拉强度高达813 MPa;当试样的退火温度低于400℃时,组织内部无明显变化,强度、硬度下降缓慢,延伸率提高幅度不大;退火温度高于400℃时,晶粒尺寸逐渐长大,晶粒内部位错密度降低,强度、硬度快速下降;当退火温度达到500℃时,晶粒急剧长大,平均晶粒尺寸约为2μm。     

2219铝合金再结晶行为研究

对固溶态2219铝合金分别进行了变形量50%和75%的冷轧变形,随后在400～540℃进行再结晶退火处理,观察了晶粒尺寸和显微硬度随退火温度的变化。结果表明,当退火时间为1 h时,随着退火温度的升高,两种变形量的合金的平均晶粒尺寸基本都呈现先减小后增大的趋势,并且都在480℃退火时,平均晶粒尺寸最小;在相同再结晶退火条件下,大变形量可以获得更细小均匀的晶粒;显微硬度则随着退火温度的升高而增大。     

退火温度对90°ECAP变形工业纯钛组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单向拉伸及显微硬度测试等方法,研究了经室温90°ECAP变形工业纯钛1道次在400、500、600℃退火1h后的组织和性能.结果表明:当退火温度为400℃时,变形组织未发生明显变化,抗拉强度和显微硬度略有降低,伸长率增加;当退火温度高于400℃时,随着退火温度的升高,变形组织发生再结晶,晶粒尺寸增至12μm,工业纯钛的抗拉强度和显微硬度明显降低,伸长率显著提高.工业纯钛的拉伸试样断口均为韧窝型断口,韧窝随退火温度的降低而变得细小、均匀.     

退火工艺对高纯铝重度变形组织的影响

对纯度为99.9995%的高纯铝进行了累积重度变形量为80%的冷轧变形,并对变形的高纯铝进行了不同温度和时间下的退火处理。采用微观分析以及硬度测试等手段研究了变形高纯铝退火后的组织和硬度的变化。结果表明:高纯铝经冷轧累计变形80%后硬度值达到35.9 HV0.1,比原始未变形态增加了49%,经300℃×10 min退火后高纯铝变形组织完全再结晶,得到尺寸大小为100μm的均匀细化晶粒,硬度值下降到32.0 HV0.1,比轧制态降低了11%,随保温时间的增加,出现晶粒长大的现象,硬度下降趋于平稳;当退火温度超过300℃后,随退火温度的升高和保温时间的增加,晶粒长大现象越明显,硬度下降趋势变小,趋于稳定状态。     

热轧变形量及退火工艺对钼板材组织和性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、金相组织观察等手段研究了退火温度、退火时间及热轧变形量对热轧钼板显微硬度和再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响规律。研究结果表明：一定范围内提高退火温度及延长退火时间均有助于再结晶的进行,当总变形量为66％时,其最合适的退火工艺为l200oC下加热1～2h;随着热轧总变形量的增加,钼板的再结晶晶粒尺寸逐渐变小,其显微硬度呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。     

硫脲对喷射电铸纳米晶铜组织与性能的影响

采用喷射电铸法制备了不同硫脲浓度下的纳米晶铜铸层,用SEM、XRD方法分析了硫脲对纳米晶铜铸层微观结构和晶粒大小的影响,并对纳米晶铜铸层的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,硫脲能细化晶粒,致密铸层组织,显著提高铸层的抗拉强度和显微硬度;电铸液中硫脲浓度为10 mg/L时,可获得晶粒尺寸为29 nm的致密铜铸层,其显微硬度和抗拉强度分别为3.1 GPa和645 MPa.电铸液中硫脲浓度从5 mg/L增至10 mg/L时,纳米晶铜铸层的择优取向由(220)晶面转变为(111)晶面.     

退火工艺对变形高纯Yb微观组织的影响

对纯度为99.99%的高纯Yb进行总变形量为35.6%的多道次室温轧制变形加工,并对其分别在240、270、300、330、360 ℃进行退火处理,研究了退火工艺对变形高纯Yb显微组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明,最佳退火工艺为270 ℃×0.5 h,经270 ℃×0.5 h退火后,变形高纯Yb完全再结晶,晶粒细小、均匀,平均晶粒度为22.5 μm左右,硬度值下降至18.96 HV0.5。随着退火温度的升高,试样的平均晶粒尺寸呈上升趋势,显微硬度呈降低趋势并趋于平稳。     

冷轧加工对工业纯钛板焊缝组织与性能的影响

采用等离子弧焊将两张3.5 mm厚纯钛板对焊,然后在1 780 mm冷轧机上依次进行变形量为43%、50%的冷轧加工,且冷轧后均进行退火处理。对两个轧程的冷轧态及退火态焊缝试样进行了金相显微组织观察;对两个轧程退火态试样进行了室温力学性能及硬度测试;对退火态成品母材区和焊缝加工区进行了杯突试验和在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的阳极极化试验。结果表明,两次冷变形板材退火后焊缝加工区晶粒尺寸均比母材区略微细小,强塑性略好一些,维氏显微硬度也稍高一些;成品板材焊缝加工区的延伸率与母材相差不大,杯突值相近,具有与母材相当的工艺性能;成品板材焊缝加工区的阳极极化行为与母材无明显差异,二者在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的耐腐蚀性基本一致。     

几种阴极铜微观组织及力学性能对比

为了获得高品质的阴极铜,对国内四家公司传统电解法生产的阴极铜进行了微观组织及力学性能对比研究。通过XRD、OM、SEM对阴极铜微观形貌、晶粒尺寸、晶面取向及断口形貌进行分析,通过万能试验机、冲击试验机、显微硬度仪对电解铜板的力学性能进行分析。结果表明：四家公司传统电解法生产的阴极铜表面均在(220)晶面表现出强择优取向,织构的均匀化对晶粒细化有一定的作用,同时晶粒尺寸与力学性能之间存在一定的联系,表现为晶粒尺寸越小,材料强度、硬度、韧性越高,但晶粒的细化影响了材料的塑性变形能力,延伸率降低。另外,四家公司阴极铜均呈现出典型韧性断裂所具有的特征,在拉伸过程中出现的异常断裂现象表明结瘤等缺陷的存在会对阴极铜的性能造成巨大的影响。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis