金属结合剂金刚石工具研究进展

金刚石工具广泛用于天然石材、陶瓷、玻璃、混凝土、硬质合金等的磨削和切割,金属结合剂金刚石工具因具有良好的机械和热学性能而成为金刚石工具的主力军。随着新型陶瓷混凝土等加工对象的不断出现和变化,要求金刚石工具要持续改进,以提高其切削效率、减少自身磨损、同时降低其制造和使用成本。本文综述了人造金刚石颗粒的性能、不同类型金属结合剂的成分组成和基本性能、金刚石与金属结合剂的界面结合状态以及提高其结合强度的措施,并对金属结合剂金刚石工具的发展作了进一步展望。      

PCD刀具加工有色金属的研究

本文主要研究PCD刀具加工有色金属时刃口及后刀面的刃磨质量对切削表面质量的影响。首先对PCD刀具切削有色金属模型进行了分析研究，然后分别采用金属结合剂金刚石砂轮、树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮和陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮刃磨出三把不同质量的PCD刀具进行了切削对比试验，并用扫描电镜对切削表面微观形貌进行了观察分析，发现加工有色金属时，PCD刀具后刀面与刃口刃磨质量对切削表面质量有着同等重要的影响作用。     

金属结合剂金刚石多孔砂轮磨削温度的实验研究

制备了不同孔隙率的金属结合剂细粒度和微粉金刚石多孔砂轮并进行了不同材质石材的磨削性能实验.采用热电偶测温法,研究了不同孔隙率、不同磨粒粒度的金属结合剂金刚石多孔砂轮对两种不同工件材料的磨削温度特性.实验结果表明,不同孔隙率、不同磨粒粒度的金属结合剂金刚石砂轮的磨削温度均随着转速及切深的增加而增加;细粒度的金属结合剂金刚石砂轮随着孔隙率的增大,磨削温度降低;而微粉金属结合剂金刚石砂轮则表现出和细粒度金属结合剂金刚石砂轮不同的特性,即孔隙率达到一定值时,随着孑L隙率继续增大,磨削温度反而升高;同一孔隙率金属结合剂金刚石砂轮,细粒度金刚石砂轮的磨削温度要低于微粉金刚石砂轮的磨削温度.     

硅钛结合剂聚晶金刚石的制备与性能

以Si-Ti-B粉末为结合剂,与金刚石微粉在高温高压条件下制备了硅钛基聚晶金刚石。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、磨耗比测定仪等方法研究了不同合成功率对聚晶金刚石物相成分、微观结构和性能的影响。研究发现:结合剂与金刚石之间相互反应形成的黏结相主要为SiC、TiC、TiB2和TiSi2等化合物,将金刚石颗粒牢固地结合在一起形成致密结构;随着合成功率的增加,PCD样品的磨耗比、显微硬度都先增高后降低,在合成功率为3.4kW时达到最高值;当合成功率过低,PCD样品中会存在未反应完全的结合剂,合成功率过高则会造成金刚石表面出现石墨化残留,均会降低材料的综合性能。     

磨PCD刀具陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮的研究

本文研究制备Na2O-B203-Si02-Al203多元系基玻璃料,并配制成低温陶瓷结合剂,研究发现:耐火度为685℃,流动性为110%～130%,线膨胀系数为5.35×10-6℃-1的低温陶瓷结合剂具有优异的性能.制备的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮在725℃烧成后,磨具的抗弯强度和洛氏硬度达到最佳值,分别58.61 MPa和77.9.用其磨削PCD刀片时锋利性好,磨削中间不需修整,砂轮耐用度高.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具的断面形貌、磨削后磨削面形貌,表明结合剂对磨粒黏结牢固,断面组织均匀.     

陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮应用于PCD领域的分析

这个试验结果是2005年一些前辈们测试的，在这借用一下让更多的用户了解陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮在加工PCD刀具的性能。当时国内的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮刚进入研发阶段，面临着相当多的技术难关，因此当时陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮还没有进入批量生产的阶段，规格和型号都比较单调。     

纳米金刚石聚晶的合成与性能综述

传统多晶金刚石聚晶（polycrystalline diamond，PCD）已在机械加工和矿物勘探等领域广泛应用，但其所使用的结合剂或烧结助剂严重弱化PCD性能，限制其应用。新型无黏结剂纳米金刚石聚晶（nano-polycrystalline diamond，NPD）具有细小的晶粒尺寸和高强度的金刚石晶粒界面，其性能已全面超越传统的PCD和金刚石单晶，在硬质材料高精加工等领域有巨大的优势和广阔的前景。本文概述NPD的合成和性能，并介绍使用不同的碳前驱物在高温高压下制备NPD的方法和技术，其中重点介绍石墨和碳纳米葱（carbon onions）在高温高压下直接转变成NPD的技术，为进一步研究及应用提供参考。      

陶瓷空心球对金属结合剂金刚石砂轮性能的影响

通过添加陶瓷空心球并采用普通热压烧结法制备金属结合剂试样和金刚石砂轮,探讨了陶瓷空心球的形状、粒度及添加量对金属结合剂和砂轮性能的影响。结果表明:添加陶瓷空心球后,金属结合剂胎体试样的抗弯强度和硬度均有所下降,但其受陶瓷空心球粒度的影响很小;含金刚石的胎体试样与金属结合剂胎体试样相比,抗弯强度降低了0.84～7.01 MPa,约为1%～8%。胎体试样的断口形貌显示陶瓷空心球体形状规则,均为圆形,能较均匀的分布在金属结合剂胎体之中,可以为金属结合剂胎体提供一定的孔隙空间;添加适量的陶瓷空心球能提高砂轮的磨削效率,磨削YG8硬质合金工件时能提高8%～43%,其中含质量分数3.75%陶瓷空心球的砂轮磨削效率最高,相比于致密砂轮提高了43%。     

Cu-Sn-Ti钎料与陶瓷结合剂体积比对金刚石节块微观结构和力学性能的影响

为提高陶瓷结合剂对金刚石磨料的把持力，将Cu-Sn-Ti钎料添加到SiO₂-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-Li₂O陶瓷结合剂中制得新型陶瓷-金属结合剂金刚石节块。表征其显微形貌、收缩率、物相组成和力学性能，以确定烧结温度；通过SEM、XRD分析，研究陶瓷结合剂与Cu-Sn-Ti钎料的体积比变化对金刚石节块性能的影响。结果表明:金属陶瓷结合剂与金刚石之间生成了TiC，有助于提高结合剂对金刚石的把持力，从而提高节块的抗弯强度；当烧结温度为950 ℃，陶瓷结合剂与Cu-Sn-Ti钎料体积比为1∶1时，两者形成致密的玻璃网络，节块收缩率为3%，抗弯强度达到最大值64.4 MPa。      

新书征订

<正>《超硬磨具制造与应用》包含以下内容:第一章包括固结磨具、涂附磨具、膏状与液态磨具、超硬材料磨具的展望;第二章包括概述、树脂结合剂金刚石磨具、金属结合剂金刚石磨具、陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具、金刚石研磨剂、特殊类型金刚石磨具和高精度超薄超硬磨料切割砂轮;第三章包括两大基材特性及其改性、添加(填充)与性能关系、立方氮化硼磨具的制备技术、需求与应用;     

不同黏结剂聚晶金刚石晶粒界面研究进展

影响聚晶金刚石（polycrystalline diamond,PCD）性能的因素有很多,其中最重要的就是黏结剂与金刚石晶粒的界面结合情况。本文综述了常见的Co、Ni等金属型黏结剂及SiC、B等非金属黏结剂与金刚石界面的结合情况、内部界面的存在状态和其作用原理。最终得出聚晶金刚石用黏结剂的选择原则:润湿性、高温界面化学反应、化学性能稳定等;聚晶金刚石用黏结剂的发展方向:通过调控金刚石与结合剂界面来满足不同的性能需求。      

Using PCD for machining CGI with a CO2 coolant system

Polycrystalline diamond is widely used as a economic cutting material for machining non-ferrous materials such as aluminum. It is perceived that diamond cannot be used for cutting ferrous materials due to the high affinity of carbon to iron. Nevertheless, under certain conditions it is possible to use diamond materials for cutting ferrous metals. In order to avoid graphitization of the diamond matrix, it is necessary to keep the cutting temperature below the critical level of diamond graphitization. This paper presents the influence of a cryogenic CO₂ coolant strategy on the cutting process using PCD tools for cutting high strength compacted graphite iron (CGI). Investigations show, that tool wear behavior strongly correlates with the cutting speed, the cutting forces, cutting temperatures, and surface roughness of the workpiece. The test results show, that the tool life of PCD for cutting cast iron is dependent on the diamond grain size, the binder material, and the cutting parameters.     

Surface structuring of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) using ultrashort pulse laser and the study of force conditions

In the metal working industry, cutting tools for high precision application are usually made from non-conventional super hard materials, for example, diamond (D) and cubic boron nitride (CBN). These materials are composites of geometrically undefined grains embedded in metallic binder. For some special applications, these tools are constructed from one or several cutting edges and guide rails. Typical examples are honing and guided reaming tools for the fine machining of bores. These tools improve the form, dimension and surface quality, as well as the geometrical tolerances of the machined workpieces. The guide rails of the tool play an important role as they usually support the tool shaft in the rotating movement, for example the guiding stones of the honing tool. In the case of dynamic contact, higher demands on material properties such as hardness and wear resistance are necessary. In this study, a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) grade is employed as a new material for guide rails. Contacting surfaces of the PCD guide rails are textured with three defined patterns by a femtosecond laser setup. It is aimed to improve the force conditions by means of changing the contacting conditions. Within this regard, the tribological properties of the three patterns on PCD rails are characterized using a nanotribometer and compared to the conventional guide rails made of cemented tungsten carbides. A force simulation based on the honing processes is built up and conducted to predict the force conditions of each different pattern. At the same time, morphological modification, assessment of surface and microstructural integrity of the structured PCD guide rails are also studied in this work.     

无黏结相PCD和PCBN材料研究进展

无黏结相PCD和PCBN具有良好的高温性能,特别是拥有纳米晶粒或纳米结构的PCD和PCBN的性能甚至高于单晶体的性能。对无黏结相聚晶立方氮化硼（PCBN）和聚晶金刚石（PCD）材料的合成方法、烧结机理及其性能进行了详细概述。在高于7 GPa和1800℃下,能烧结出致密的无黏结相PCD和PCBN材料,但不同原材料粉末和微量触媒或掺杂会对超高压高温（HPHT）烧结条件和机理产生较大的影响。基于HPHT方法的制备条件较苛刻,PVD和CVD是比较有前途的制备PCD的方法,但用于制备PCBN还需要解决许多技术问题。      

Determination of wear parameters and mechanisms of diamond/copper tools in marble stones cutting

In this paper, a type of soft metal binder of diamond tools (diamond segments) that was consisted of 78% Brass (Cu-10Zn) +16% Bronze (Cu–10Sn) + %6Co was investigated. The first, it was approved that the binder is a soft metal binder by a hardness test for diamond tools in natural stones cutting. Then, the effective factors on grinding efficiency such as specific energy (SE), Cutting force (FC), metal binder removal rate (MRR), grinding ratio (G-ratio), wear resistance and Mean free path (MFP) were evaluated by different formula and equations. On the other hand, the effect of different wear mechanisms on the metal binder and diamond grits of the tool was evaluated by the cutting of a type of very hard marble stone that calls Cappochino Beige Marble (CBM). The existence of wears of abrasive, surface fatigue, impact and erosive were confirmed by scanning electron microscopic observations. According to hardness 73 HRB (hardness of the binder) and the wears, there is a short tools life for the diamond tool due to low wear resistance of the metal binder but, the cutting rate was high.Novelty statementThe rising price of decorative stones will increase the final price of the stones and will overshadow the global market of decorative stones. The presence of cobalt, iron, chromium and nickel powders increases the price of diamond tools because of their high price. On the other hand, due to the higher temperature and time of hot press to produce these tools by the mentioned powders, it will also increase the price. Therefore, in this paper, brass and bronze alloy powders, which are much cheaper than cobalt, iron, chromium and nickel powders, have been used as main metal binder powders to reduce raw material prices and manufacturing process costs. On the other side, due to the creation of a softer metal binder compared with the more expensive and harder binder of cobalt, iron, chromium and nickel powders, it can be affected to increase the cutting speed because of increasing wear of the binder. Therefore, mathematical calculations are essential for the efficiency of the tools' cutting.     

Effect of high temperature annealing on ultrahard polycrystalline diamond in air and vacuum conditions

The effect of high temperature annealing on ultrahard polycrystalline diamond (UHPCD) has been investigated in air and vacuum conditions up to 1500 °C. The thermal stability, carbon bonds, morphologies and wear resistance of UHPCD were evaluated by thermal gravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wear tester. The thermal analysis results indicated that the thermal stability of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond was better than that of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) even though it was weakened by high pressure high temperature treatment, while no graphitization was observed on UHPCD in flowing argon up to 1500 °C. When the UHPCD annealed in air, the oxidation damage with the extension of cracks and spalling holes was observed on CVD diamond as the evolution of temperature. The result confirmed by the changes of diamond peak position and full width at half maximum (FWHM) in Raman spectra curves. The PCD had shown the damage with cracks induced exfoliation of binder regions and cracks ruined diamond grains. However, the diamond peak position and FWHM of CVD diamond and PCD showed slight reduction as a function of vacuum annealing temperature with no detectable change of morphologies. The high temperature annealing has strong impact on the wear resistance of UHPCD in air while slightly in vacuum.     

超硬磨具用金属结合剂国内外研究进展

金属结合剂超硬磨具广泛应用于石材、陶瓷和硬质合金的加工领域。介绍了目前常用的钴、铜、铁基等纯金属结合剂的特点、类型和力学性能。分析了不同添加物对金属–陶瓷复合结合剂性能的影响。重点阐述了近些年发展起来的金属–树脂复合结合剂的发展状况及趋势。最后提出了金属基复合结合剂发展中存在的问题。     

Research on polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) with low residual stress prepared using nickel-based additive

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) with low residual stress was synthesized using nickel-based additive (Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅) as sintering solvent at high temperature/pressure (HTHP). A systematic study of the residual stress in a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer was performed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The stress was measured by determining the Raman shift and was approximated as being biaxial to calculate the magnitudes of stress. Sintering process parameters such as temperature, the diamond size and content of binder additive were all found to affect residual stress levels. The sample with low stress measured on the surface of PCD is compressive and has an average value of 0.10 GPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of morphology shows that the dense microstructure with diamond-diamond (D-D) direct bonding has formed in the PCD layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) performed in the cross-section of PCD confirmed the presence of diamond, nickel-based alloy, WC and Co_xW_xC.     

超精密晶圆减薄砂轮及减薄磨削装备研究进展

在芯片制程的后道阶段,通过超精密晶圆减薄工艺可以有效减小芯片封装体积,导通电阻,改善芯片的热扩散效率,提高其电气性能、力学性能。目前的主流工艺通过超细粒度金刚石砂轮和高稳定性超精密减薄设备对晶圆进行减薄,可实现大尺寸晶圆的高精度、高效率、高稳定性无损伤表面加工。重点综述了目前超精密晶圆减薄砂轮的研究进展,在磨料方面综述了机械磨削用硬磨料和化学机械磨削用软磨料的研究现状,包括泡沫化金刚石、金刚石团聚磨料、表面微刃金刚石的制备方法及磨削性能,同时归纳总结了软磨料砂轮的化学机械磨削机理及材料去除模型。在结合剂研究方面,综述了金属、树脂和陶瓷3种结合剂的优缺点,以及在晶圆减薄砂轮上的应用,重点综述了目前在改善陶瓷结合剂的本征力学强度及与金刚石之间的界面润湿性方面的研究进展。在晶圆减薄超细粒度金刚石砂轮制备方面,由于微纳金刚石的表面能较大,采用传统工艺制备砂轮会导致磨料发生团聚,影响加工质量。在此基础上,总结论述了溶胶–凝胶法、高分子网络凝胶法、电泳沉积法、凝胶注模法、结构化砂轮等新型工艺方法在超细粒度砂轮制备方面的应用研究,同时还综述了目前不同的晶圆减薄工艺及超精密减薄设备的研究进展,并指出未来半导体加工工具及装备的发展方向。     

Research and development of polycrystalline diamond woodworking tools

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is a kind of high performance synthetic ultrahard material. Due to its hardness, abrasion resistance, thermal conductivity and many other outstanding properties, PCD is widely used in many kinds of industry. With the growth of the worldwide population the consumption of wood-based products is increasing significantly. The application of PCD in the woodworking industry has both benefited this industry and extended the application range of PCD.

An overview on the current status of PCD tools is given in this paper, with a special focus on application in the woodworking industry. The excellent cutting performance of PCD woodworking tools is described. Based on the research contents, the investigation direction and future development of PCD woodworking tools have been reviewed. This paper points out that PCD tools will have a wide application in woodworking industry during the 21st century.