Ti6Al4V表面激光熔覆原位自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料及摩擦磨损性能

以Ti,Cr3C2混合粉末作为预置合金涂层,采用YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备出原位自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料涂层,实验结果表明,采用合适的合金粉末成分和激光辐照能量密度,可以获得增强相TiC弥散分布的钛基复合材料熔覆层,熔覆层结晶致密,且与复合材料基体润湿性良好,熔覆层复合材料的基体组织随预置合金粉末成分的改变而变化,摩擦磨损实验结果表明,原位自生TiC/Ti复合材料熔覆层可明显改善Ti6Al4V合金的表面硬度和摩擦磨损性能。     

AA6063铝合金表面激光熔覆TiC/Al_3 Ti复合材料涂层

将Al、Ti和TiC 粉末预涂在AA6063铝合金表面,采用激光熔覆法制备了TiC/Al_3Ti复合材料涂层,分析了激光熔覆层的显微组织和硬度分布.结果表明,采用合适的激光工艺可获得无裂纹和孔洞且表面平整的熔覆层.熔覆层由枝晶状Al_3Ti、枝晶间α-Al和均匀分布的TiC颗粒组成,TiC颗粒在激光辐照过程中未发生熔解,熔覆层与基材的界面结合良好.随与熔覆层表面距离的增加,Al_3Ti枝晶的尺寸变大,α-Al的含量减少.激光熔覆层的硬度可达700 HV0.2,显著改善了AA6063铝合金的表面硬度.     

激光熔覆原位自生TiC颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层的组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢表面制备出原位自生TiC颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对熔覆层组织、成分和物相进行了分析,并测试了熔覆层显微硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明,激光熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层中无裂纹、气孔等缺陷.涂层组织由γ-Ni、Cr7C3和TiC等相组成,原位自生TiC颗粒多呈菱形,尺寸在1～3μm之间,涂层显微硬度(800～1000 HV0.2)明显高于基体的显微硬度(300 HV0.2).激光熔覆层中存在颗粒强化和细晶强化等多种强化作用,显著提高了H13钢的耐磨性能.     

激光熔覆原位合成TiC增强Fe基复合层组织研究

在45钢表面激光熔覆原位合成TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对TiC/Fe复合涂层的显微组织、合金成分以及物相进行分析,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,当(Ti+C)的含量在复合粉末中的比例达到15%时,熔覆层生成了少量的TiC颗粒,其形状呈多面体和花瓣状,直径为1~5μm,长度为3~5μm,TiC增强相组织中含有Fe、Cr等元素,而不是单纯的二元碳化物。由于少量TiC颗粒的团聚现象,造成TiC激光熔覆层的显微硬度低于Fe基熔覆层,但TiC激光熔覆层磨损性能优于Fe基熔覆层。     

6061铝合金激光熔覆铜基复合涂层组织及磨损性能

利用激光熔覆工艺在6061合金表面熔覆铜基复合涂层,分析熔覆涂层的微观组织及化学成分,考察熔覆合金成分变化对涂层质量、硬度以及磨损性能的影响.结果表明,熔覆层主要由(Cu,Ni)固溶体、Cu9Al4、AlFe0.23Ni0.77以及CoFe增强相等组成.优化成分条件下,Fe含量为7%,Co含量为9%,熔覆层硬质颗粒体积分数增大,大量硬质颗粒增强体弥散分布在熔覆层Cu-Ni固溶体合金基体组织中,大大增强了基体的抗磨损性能.激光熔覆后的熔覆层表面硬度比6061铝合金提高了4.5倍;磨损体积约为铝合金基线的30%,摩擦因数降至0.3002.     

激光熔覆TiC增强FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层磨损性研究

利用激光熔覆技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制得了以TiC为增强相、以FeAl 金属间化合物为基体的耐磨复合材料涂层，研究了激光熔覆。FiC／FeAl复合材料涂层在干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能及磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速率的增加，TiC／FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层的磨损速率增加，其磨损机制随着载荷的增加逐渐由磨料磨损向粘着磨损转变；激光熔覆层中TiC体积分数的增加，一方面提高了涂层的磨料磨损抗力，另一方面降低了熔覆层表面与对磨材料之间的粘着倾向，提高了TiC／FeAl涂层的滑动磨损性能。激光熔覆TiC/FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层具有优异的耐磨性能并随TiC体积分数的增加而提高。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆钛基复合涂层的显微组织研究

在Ti6Al4V合金表面预置Ti和Cr3C2混合粉末,采用横流CO2激光进行熔覆试验,制备出了原位自生的TiC颗粒增强的钛基复合涂层.利用SEM、XRD等手段对激光熔覆层的组织、成分、物相进行了分析,测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度.结果表明,熔覆层不同位置,组织形态不同,TiC在熔覆层表层以树枝晶形态存在,而在熔覆层底部为近球状颗粒.熔覆层与基材之间形成良好的冶金结合.熔覆层显微硬度在600～800 HV0.5之间,约为基材硬度的2～3倍.     

激光熔覆原位合成陶瓷相增强铁基熔覆层的组织和性能

利用6 kW光纤激光器在Cr12MoV汽车模具钢表面激光熔覆含有Ti-Fe,B₄C粉末的铁基合金粉,在汽车模具钢表面直接原位合成TiC+TiB₂颗粒增强的铁基合金复合涂层.涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层组织细小,结构致密,宏观质量较好. XRD分析结果表明,涂层组织由α-Fe,TiC,TiB₂组成. TiC,TiB₂相均匀分布于熔覆层中.由于TiC,TiB₂硬质相的形成以及激光的快速凝固冷却获得的细晶组织,使得熔覆层的显微维氏硬度有了明显提高.在距离熔覆层表面1.2 mm处显微维氏硬度高达1000 HV,有利于促进熔覆层耐磨性的提高.     

激光熔覆原位合成TiC/Ti复合材料试验研究

利用激光熔覆技术，在工业纯钛表面原位合成了TiC／Ti复合材料。结果表明：选择不同的激光熔覆工艺参数，可使碳粉和Ti粉通过原位合成反应在钛表面生成TiC／Ti复合材料熔覆层；激光功率和扫描速率是影响熔覆层质量的主要因素：激光功率越大，形成的增强相颗粒尺寸越大，相应合金元素氧化也越严重；扫描速率越大，Ti与C的作用时间变短，增强相颗粒尺寸越细小，且增强相所占的体积分数也相应减少。用XRD、DES和SEM证明了TiC颗粒的存在，同时发现颗粒分布具有一定的均匀性，原位生成的TiC颗粒主要以等轴状和块状两种形态存在。     

γ-TiAl金属间化合物合金表面激光熔覆TiC-Ti-Al涂层研究

在TiAl合金表面预置TiC-Ti-Al粉末层,通过激光熔覆处理制得了以TiC为增强相,以TiAl及少量Ti3Al金属间化合物为基体的复合材料涂层。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了熔覆层的显微组织形貌,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和能谱分析仪（EDS）进行了熔覆层的物相分析,并分别测试了激光处理前后基材和熔覆层显微硬度的变化。研究了激光扫描速度对熔覆层的显微组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明：随着激光扫描速度的增加,增强相TiC颗粒形貌由树枝状向短棒状和颗粒状转变,并且均匀地弥散分布在熔覆层内,起到细晶强化和弥散强化的作用。同时,随着激光扫描速度的增加,熔覆层显微硬度有所提高,但厚度有所降低。     

Formation of surface layer based on Al3Ti on aluminum by laser cladding and its compatibility with ceramics

Intermetallic compound Al₃Ti or intermetallic compound matrix composite (IMC) surface layers were formed on Al surface by laser cladding. To form sound IMC surface layers, laser conditions must be controlled to suppress the melting of base metal. With increasing the volume fraction of ceramics in the IMC layer, it needed higher laser power to obtain IMC layer although the control of laser conditions became easier. During laser cladding, TiB₂ melted by laser irradiation and then homogeneously precipitated as fine particles at a cooling stage. On the contrary, TiC and SiC hardly melted and were dispersed in Al₃Ti matrix. SiC reacted with Ti to form titanium-silicide or TiC, which made the composition of matrix richer in Al than Al₃Ti and caused degradation of the wear property. IMC surface layer improved the wear property of Al substrate. The particle size as well as volume fraction of dispersoid ceramics affected the wear property.     

CFRP表面激光熔覆TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合涂层的组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在碳纤维增强热塑性塑料(carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics, CFRP)表面成功地制备了TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合涂层. 通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和透射电镜分析了TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合涂层与CFRP基体连接的界面层微观结构、元素成分分布及相组成. 采用纳米压痕仪对复合涂层到基材的硬度变化规律进行测试. 结果表明，通过激光熔覆技术可以快速在CFRP材料表面形成连续的、均匀的TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合涂层. TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合粉末在激光作用下，受热熔化渗透到CFRP基体内部，形成良好的冶金结合，并在碳纤维-树脂-复合涂层之间形成连续的界面层. TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合涂层与CFRP基体连接的界面层相成分为TiC，Ti₃Al，TiS₂和Ti₃AlC相. CFRP基体的平均硬度为10.15 HV，涂层的最高硬度可达1914 HV. 基于试验观察和理论分析，得出CFRP表面激光熔覆TC4 + AlSi10Mg复合涂层主要的界面反应机理为Ti(s) + C(s)→TiC(s)，Al(l) + 3Ti(s)→Ti₃Al(s).     

Tribological Behavior of In Situ TiC/Graphene/Graphite/Ti6Al4V Matrix Composite Through Laser Cladding

The TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared by laser cladding.The microstructure and tribological behavior of the coating were studied.The in situ reaction between graphene and Ti occurred,and feathery TiC was formed.The feathery TiC was homogeneously distributed between α'acicular martensites which was refined with the addition of graphene.Some graphene was transformed into a11otrope graphite under the laser irradiation.The TiC hard particles and the self-lubrication of graphene/graphite improved the wear resistance of composite coating.The wear rate and friction coefficient of TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6A14V composite coating decreased with the increase in sliding speed,a mechanical mixing layer (MML) was formed on the wear surface of the composite coating under the frictional heat,which protected the substrate and reduced the contact.Because of the self-lubricating properties of graphene/graphite,interlayer sliding occurred easily,which also effectively reduced friction.The wear rate of TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6A14V composite coating increased with the increase in load,but the friction coefficient decreased.The plastic deformation of subsurface layer was more serious under high load,and a stable self-lubricating MML with a protective effect was formed between the wear interfaces,which reduced the friction coefficient.With the increase in load,the wear mechanism changed from abrasive and oxidation wear to delamination,fatigue and oxidation wear.     

TiC/Ti复合材料激光熔覆层的冲击磨粒磨损性能

在Ti6A14V表达通过激光熔覆工艺原位合成TiC/Ti金属基复合材料涂层，其基体组织结构随表层预置合金粉末成分的变化而改变，采用单摆划痕装置测试原位合成TiC/Ti复合材料涂层的冲击磨粒磨损性能，结果表明，与基材Ti6A14V相比复合材料激光熔覆层的抗冲击磨粒磨损性能提高了2倍，且随表层预置粉末中Cr3C2含量的增加，反应生成的TiC含量增加，涂层抗冲击磨料磨损性能提高。     

ZL104合金氩弧熔敷原位合成TiCp/Al基复合涂层组织及耐磨性

以Al粉、Ti粉和C粉为原料,利用氩弧熔敷技术,在ZL104合金表面原位合成了TiC增强Al基复合材料层,借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对复合涂层的组织进行了分析;利用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层性能进行了测试。结果表明,氩弧熔敷过程中可以充分反应合成TiC颗粒;TiC颗粒呈球状分布,颗粒尺寸约为1.5μm,均弥散分布于熔敷层中。熔敷层与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;复合涂层的显微硬度可达660 HV0.2,涂层耐磨性较基体提高近7倍。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆法制备Y_2O_3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层

采用激光熔覆法在TC4钛合金表面原位制备Y2O3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层,研究涂层的相组成、微结构、成分分布及性能。结果表明,复合涂层内的微结构和成分在深度方向具有分层现象,这主要是由激光熔覆过程的快速熔凝和冷却过程所致。在激光熔覆过程中,TiC粉末完全熔化并在凝固过程中析出为细小枝晶,这些TiC枝晶的尺寸随着深度的增加而减小,而Y2O3颗粒则分布在整个重熔层中。Y2O3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层具有较均匀的硬度,其最高值约为HV1380,比基体高4倍以上。由于复合涂层具有高的硬度,钛合金经过激光熔覆后其耐磨性得到大幅度提高。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆原位生成TiC增强复合涂层

利用Cr3C2和TiC生成自由能和稳定性的差异,通过激光熔化法在Ti6Al4V表面制备TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料涂层,结果表明：选择合适的激光处理工艺,可使Cr3C2和Ti合金粉末通过原位结晶置换反应生成TiC/Ti复合材料熔覆层。亚微米级的TiC颗粒均匀地分布于复合材料的基体中,复合材料的基体组织随合金粉末的成分不同而改变。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al 2519 matrix composites reinforced with Ti-coated SiC particles

Ti-coated SiC_p particles were developed by vacuum evaporation with Ti to improve the interfacial bonding of SiC_p/Al composites. Ti-coated SiC particles and uncoated SiC particles reinforced Al 2519 matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing, hot extrusion and heat treatment. The influence of Ti coating on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the densely deposited Ti coating reacts with SiC particles to form TiC and Ti₅Si₃ phases at the interface. Ti-coated SiC particle reinforced composite exhibits uniformity and compactness compared to the composite reinforced with uncoated SiC particles. The microstructure, relative density and mechanical properties of the composite are significantly improved. When the volume fraction is 15%, the hardness, fracture strain and tensile strength of the SiC_p reinforced Al 2519 composite after Ti plating are optimized, which are HB 138.5, 4.02% and 455 MPa, respectively.