飞机主承力构件疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的声发射评价

讨论了利用声发射(AE)监测飞机关键部位疲劳裂纹形成和扩展的意义、可行性以及应当注意的问题.提出利用多参数识别和相关技术从高背景噪声中获取裂纹扩展所产生的声发射信号,并曾在疲劳试验过程中多次成功预报了飞机一些主承力构件的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展.     

模态声发射——声发射信号处理的得力工具

模态声发射是声发射信号处理技术的得力工具。介绍它在声发射源定位、复合材料损伤源识别、疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的声发射监测以及日历损伤声发射评价等工程实践中的应用。     

活塞杆疲劳裂纹声发射监测的实验研究

介绍声发射技术用于活塞杆疲劳裂纹的监测研究,分析声发射信号与活塞杆疲劳裂纹扩展过程的关系。通过实验结果表明,采用声发射技术可以对活塞杆疲劳裂纹进行监测,证明声发射技术在活塞杆监测上的可行性。     

喷涂层接触疲劳损伤的声发射研究

用超音速等离子喷涂设备在45钢基体上制备了铁基合金涂层。以球盘式疲劳试验机为平台,研究了涂层的接触疲劳损伤行为,探测并分析了涂层在不同应力水平下疲劳损伤的声发射反馈信号。结果表明,涂层的接触疲劳损伤过程主要包括弹塑性变形、裂纹萌生和缓慢扩展、裂纹亚临界扩展、裂纹失稳扩展4个阶段。裂纹萌生和缓慢扩展阶段是决定疲劳寿命长短的主要阶段。接触应力越大,裂纹亚临界扩展时间和失稳扩展时间越短。涂层的最终失效模式可以根据裂纹失稳扩展阶段声发射幅值的最大值来判断,发生点蚀失效时幅值最大值约为82.4 dB,剥落失效时幅值最大值约为90.2 dB,分层失效时幅值最大值约为91.3 dB。     

铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展声发射监测

采用声发射(acoustic emission,AE)技术对7N01铝合金单边缺口三点弯曲试样不同应力比、不同峰值载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展过程中声发射信号进行了监测,建立了裂纹扩展速率、声发射计数(count)与应力强度因子之间的关系.结果表明,大部分的声发射信号主要产生于疲劳循环载荷的低应力阶段,这主要是低应力阶段的声发射活动主要与裂纹尖端的塑性变形和裂纹闭合现象有关,声发射计数与应力强度因子之间呈指数增长的关系.基于所建立的声发射计数率与裂纹扩展速率的关系,可以预测疲劳损伤结构的剩余寿命.     

稀土相与表面处理对Ti-60钛合金疲劳源的影响

对Ti-60高温钛合金的疲劳断口进行了扫描电镜（SEM）、二次电子像（SEI）背散射电子像（BEI）分析,根据疲劳裂纹源所在位置的不同研究了Ti-60高温钛合金的疲劳裂纹源位置。结果表明,疲劳裂纹源在表面未强化试样表面稀土相处萌生,而对表面强化试样而言,疲劳裂纹源在表面强化层下稀土相处或滑放区萌生。用疲劳裂纹萌生的微细观过程理论对疲劳裂纹萌生的条件及疲劳强度的影响进行了分析。     

齿轮表层疲劳裂纹扩展的声发射模型

齿轮表面的疲劳磨损是齿轮故障的主要形式之一。从弹性力学的能量理论角度,推导出了齿轮齿表疲劳裂纹在扩展时的能量关系,并根据声发射信号的特征,构造出齿表疲劳裂纹在扩展时产生的声发射信号的理论模型,说明了影响声发射信号能量强度的主要因素为裂纹扩展时间、形变体积及载荷和弹性模量的变化率,从理论上证明了声发射技术用于检测疲劳磨损的可行性。     

多疲劳裂纹扩展的声发射特性研究

用声发射对低强度材料LD31铝材和A3钢双疲劳裂纹扩展过程进行了监测,得到了声发射参数与裂纹扩展速率的对应关系。介绍利用后处理线定位参数调整及载荷滤波降低噪声的具体方法。     

基于不同频率下疲劳裂纹扩展时声发射特性分析

为了探究Q345R材料在循环载荷作用下的性能,开展不同频率下疲劳裂纹扩展实验,对照疲劳载荷过程中的损伤过程,提取声发射信号特征参数并进行综合分析。研究发现不同加载频率下,材料疲劳裂纹扩展长度与循环次数的关系;同时通过声发射在线监测其过程中的特征参数,发现疲劳裂纹扩展和断裂过程中的规律性,为声发射技术应用于Q345R材料的在线检测提供了参考。     

不锈钢EGR冷却器钎焊结构断裂分析

通过对钎焊失效件进行断裂裂纹的宏观分析及断口分析,确定了断裂发生的位置,并分析了断裂形式及疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展过程的特点.在对失效件裂纹的宏观观察中发现,断裂多发生在钎焊圆角根部,裂纹沿钎焊圆角根部萌生和扩展.对钎焊圆角表面微观形貌进行观察后发现,在钎焊圆角根部存在着连续分布的钎料瘤,容易引起局部应力集中,促进疲劳裂纹的萌生.在对失效件断口进行的分析中找到了疲劳断裂的典型特征--疲劳辉纹,有力地证明了失效模式为疲劳断裂.     

Fatigue crack initiation for Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint

To investigate fatigue crack initiation characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint, notched specimens were used in fatigue test for the base metal, welding bead and heat affected zone (HAZ). The fatigue fracture surface near the fatigue crack initiation site was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the differences of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, welding bead and HAZ are not obvious. Inhomogeneity in microstructure and mechanical performance of HAZ influences the fatigue crack initiation life. The ratio of fatigue crack initiation life (Ni) to fatigue failure life (Nf) for the base metal, welding bead and HAZ of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint are 26.32%, 40.21% and 60.67%, respectively. Fatigue crack initiation life can be predicted using a uniform model. Observation of fatigue fracture surfaces shows that for the welding bead a fatigue crack initiates from the smooth surface due to the welding process, the blowhole in HAZ causes fatigue crack and the crushed second phase particles play an important role in fatigue crack initiation for the base metal.     

某型飞机主起落架支柱外筒头部枢轴疲劳损伤的声发射监测

某型飞机全尺寸机体疲劳试验过程中的无损检测和声发射(AE)监测对该型飞机疲劳定寿、确定修理周期及未来改进型疲劳细节设计起着十分关键的作用。起落架地面载荷试验是疲劳试验的重要组成部分,需要声发射监测的区域包括起落架梁和上、下枢轴等关键部位。针对试验过程的强冲击和强噪声干扰,作者利用声发射信号参数的趋势分析、基于时域和频域的滤波技术、相关分析方法和基于空间的滤波技术,实现了对这些目标的实时监测并成功地监测出上、下枢轴磨损等故障。     

钢结构疲劳损伤声发射监测

采用声发射技术对已开裂的焊缝进行监测,实现了在复杂的环境噪声中识别出裂纹活动信号。通过分析疲劳裂纹损伤产生的原因以及材料在交变载荷作用下产生声发射的机理,得到表征焊缝裂纹活动过程的信号特征。试验表明,声发射技术对钢结构裂纹损伤的活度、强度具有较大的敏感性,可以实现对裂纹损伤状态发展变化的实时监测。     

Fatigue-life prediction of SiC aluminum composite using a Weibull model

The feasibility of the acoustic emission technique in predicting the residual fatigue life of 6061-T6 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 15 vol.% SiC particulates (SiC_p) is presented. Fatigue damages corresponding to 40, 60 and 80% of total fatigue life were induced at a cyclic stress amplitude. The specimens with and without fatigue damage were subjected to tensile tests. The acoustic emission activities were monitored during tensile tests. The number of cumulative AE events increased exponentially with the increase in strain during tensile tests. This exponential increase occurred when the material was in the plastic regime and was attributed mainly to SiC particulate/matrix interface decohesion. Cumulative events during post fatigue tensile tests reduced with a decrease in the residual fatigue life. Based on the high cycle fatigue damage accumulation model, a Weibull probability distribution model is developed to explain the post fatigue AE activity of specimens during tensile tests. Using the model, the residual fatigue life can be predicted by testing the specimen in tension and monitoring the AE events. In high cycle fatigue, it was observed that the residual tensile strengths of the material did not change significantly with prior cyclic loading damages since the high cycle fatigue life was dominated by the crack initiation phase.     

Fatigue properties of ferrite/bainite dual-phase X80 pipeline steel welded joints

Fatigue properties are important parameters for the safety design and security evaluation of pipelines. In this work, fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation of full-thickness X80 pipeline steel joints compared with the base metal (BM) was investigated. Full-thickness BM specimens showed superior fatigue life compared with that of welded joints. The fatigue crack initiation of full-thickness X80 welded joint specimens occurred at the outside weld toe and then grew inward until a fracture was formed. During fatigue crack growth in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), crack growth rate linearly increased with increased ΔK in each HAZ subregion. However, the change rate of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) differed among HAZ subregions. This difference was related to the variation in crack path and fracture mode because of the possible microstructural sensitivity of fatigue crack propagation behaviour.     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性及寿命预测(英文)

研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性,提出基于疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的寿命预测模型。母材、热影响区和焊缝三个区域内的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小。在这三个区域内,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命之比是一个依赖于材料的参数,对于母材、热影响区和焊缝分别为26.32%、40.21%和60.67%。提出的疲劳寿命预测模型与实验结果和Basquin’s模型预测结果吻合良好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口进行观察,发现焊缝区域的裂纹萌生于焊接过程中产生的光滑表面。热影响区内疲劳裂纹萌生于熔合区气孔。母材中破碎的第二相是引起疲劳裂纹的主要原因。     

Application of a novel type Barkhausen noise sensor to continuous fatigue monitoring

A novel Barkhausen noise (BN) sensor with no need for external magnetization was tested and applied to continuous fatigue monitoring of mild steel and high strength steel specimens. This new type of sensor indicated an increase in the BN rms value under maximum tensile stress during one cycle in cyclic bending tests with increasing stress amplitude. The BN rms value under maximum compressive stress stayed, however, approximately constant. The reason for this behaviour was the stress-induced anisotropy of the BN. Bending fatigue experiments with constant stress amplitude and R=−1 were conducted at different stress levels. In addition to the BN also the acoustic emission of the specimen was measured. In the mild steel specimens the BN amplitude stayed constant after the initial saturation period, but just prior to the failure of the specimen the amplitude increased meaningfully. This increase occurred at the same time as the increase in the acoustic emission signal indicating the beginning of crack initiation and growth. In the high strength steel specimens the BN amplitude decreased after the initial saturation period. The increase of the BN signal started well before the failure of the specimen and even before the increase in the acoustic emission signal.     

用相关分析法监测疲劳裂纹起始寿命初探

探讨在结构和材料疲劳性能试验中实时监测疲劳小裂纹长度和起始寿命的一种方法.该方法利用采自裂纹附近和无缺陷区域的动应变信号进行相关计算,从相关函数的运算结果判别裂纹产生和扩展状态.实验结果表明,相关函数的幅值对裂纹长度较敏感,可作为判断参量.