基于ICEM CFD与ANSYS FLUENT的热力射流喷嘴流场分析

为了解喷嘴的内部结构对射流流场的影响,为选择合适的射流喷嘴提供依据,以锥形和锥直形喷嘴两种典型喷嘴为研究对象,根据计算流体力学（CFD）的基本理论,综合运用ICEM CFD网格划分与ANSYS FLUENT流体分析软件对锥形和锥直形喷嘴的射流流场进行分析。结果表明：在相同初始条件下,锥形喷嘴具有较大的出口速度,变化剧烈,射流的等速核长度较大;锥直形喷嘴的速度变化平稳,短管内由于颈缩现象易产生负压。通过试验,再次验证了仿真结果。     

磨料水射流喷嘴收缩段锥角对磨料粒子混合程度的影响

介绍了磨料水射流的起源、用途、特点及抛光原理,针对混合腔内磨料粒子与高压水束混合不均匀而影响抛光表面质量及磨料砂管使用寿命的缺陷,通过对磨料水射流切割喷嘴结构的研究,建立了对称双管供料喷嘴几何模型,并运用CFD软件对喷嘴内部流场进行仿真研究,分析了喷嘴收缩段锥角对磨料粒子和高压水束混合均匀程度的影响。研究结果表明:选择30°和45°的收缩段锥角有利于延长砂管使用寿命及提高磨料粒子与水射流的均匀混合,从而在抛光加工中提高工件表面质量。     

水射流喷嘴内表面形状对切割性能的影响研究

磨料水射流在喷嘴中运动并得到加速,喷嘴内表面形状对射流影响显著。通过仿真与试验比较圆柱形、圆锥形、锥直形和流线形4种喷嘴的切割性能,结果表明:圆柱形喷嘴射流加速过程短,衰减快,切割效果差;圆锥形喷嘴射流加速过程长,衰减过程缓慢,有较长的射流核心段,具有一定的应用价值;锥直形、流线形两种喷嘴的加速过程与衰减过程无显著差异,射流核心段较长,实际切割能力并没有显著差别;在锥直形喷嘴中,出口圆柱段喷嘴长径比为3～4较合适。     

基于响应面方法圆柱形喷嘴结构优化研究

喷嘴是高压水射流的核心工作部件,其几何结构特征直接影响射流质量及工作效率。利用CFD方法对当前广泛应用的圆柱形喷嘴内流场进行研究,以最大出口速度作为目标变量,采用响应面方法优化喷嘴结构。研究结果表明:圆柱形喷嘴轴心速度与压力呈现近似对偶特性。喷嘴出口直径、喷嘴出口圆柱段长度及喷嘴收缩角对喷嘴出口速度有显著影响,喷嘴入口圆柱段长度及入口直径对出口速度影响较小。其中,喷嘴出口圆柱段长度与出口速度近似呈线性关系,而出口直径及喷嘴收缩角与出口速度呈抛物线关系。影响喷嘴压降的因素为喷嘴入口及出口直径,而其他因素如喷嘴出口圆柱段长度、入口圆柱段长度及收缩角对压降的影响则可以忽略。     

基于响应面方法圆柱形喷嘴结构优化研究

喷嘴是高压水射流的核心工作部件,其几何结构特征直接影响射流质量及工作效率。利用CFD方法对当前广泛应用的圆柱形喷嘴内流场进行研究,以最大出口速度作为目标变量,采用响应面方法优化喷嘴结构。研究结果表明：圆柱形喷嘴轴心速度与压力呈现近似对偶特性。喷嘴出口直径、喷嘴出口圆柱段长度及喷嘴收缩角对喷嘴出口速度有显著影响,喷嘴入口圆柱段长度及入口直径对出口速度影响较小。其中,喷嘴出口圆柱段长度与出口速度近似呈线性关系,而出口直径及喷嘴收缩角与出口速度呈抛物线关系。影响喷嘴压降的因素为喷嘴入口及出口直径,而其他因素如喷嘴出口圆柱段长度、入口圆柱段长度及收缩角对压降的影响则可以忽略。     

去除管道3PE防腐层的轴向扇形喷嘴数值模拟

目的 优化设计一种轴向扇形喷嘴,通过产生扇形磨料水射流去除管道3PE防腐层,以期提高去除管道3PE防腐层的效率和安全性.方法 建立轴向扇形喷嘴物理模型及扇形磨料水射流流场的计算模型.基于FLUENT软件,采用颗粒轨道模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型对轴向扇形喷嘴内外磨料水射流流场特性进行数值模拟研究.结果 沿着射流流动方向,扇形喷嘴收缩段(邻近圆柱段区域)磨料颗粒速度增加明显,圆柱段磨料颗粒速度增加不明显.由于喷嘴流通面积减小或V型槽致使流道形状改变,进入扇形喷嘴椭圆段后直至喷嘴出口处,磨料颗粒速度总体增加,但其速度分布呈现复杂规律,在射流的两侧边缘存在高速区.在扇形喷嘴外流场中,磨料颗粒速度呈减小趋势,同时,磨料颗粒速度云图在X轴某一位置出现了分叉现象,速度云图在分叉点之后的区域出现空白,即从分叉点之后,外流场的某些区域没有磨料颗粒的存在.为了充分发挥磨料颗粒对3PE防腐层较好的冲蚀效果,扇形磨料水射流去除3PE防腐层时,应将靶距控制在分叉点位置之前.不同结构参数轴向扇形喷嘴产生的扇形磨料水射流,其磨料颗粒速度云图分叉点位置不同.结论 综合考虑磨料颗粒速度大小、作用范围、分叉位置等因素的影响,优选出拟用于产生扇形磨料水射流去除3PE防腐层的轴向扇形喷嘴结构参数:α2/r=1、α=15°、b=0.6 mm、d=2.13 mm.最佳靶距在17.37～37.37 mm.     

水射流切割喷嘴结构参数数值模拟优化

应用FLUENT模拟软件对影响喷嘴射流切割特性的喷嘴圆锥段收缩角、圆柱段出口直径及长径比进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：出口直径为2 mm、长径比为2、收缩角为10°的喷嘴轴向速度和射流冲击能量最大,切割能力最好;射流轴向速度在喷嘴圆锥收缩段急剧增加,在圆柱段先增加后减小;射流冲击切割能量的最大值不是分布在冲击面上喷嘴对应的轴心处,而是在其半径方向的某一圆周上。     

几何结构参数对磨料水射流喷嘴磨损规律影响的模拟分析

建立了前混合磨料水射流喷嘴物理模型。基于FLUENT软件,采用颗粒轨道模型、Grant弹性恢复系数和E/CRC磨损模型对磨料水射流喷嘴内的磨损特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明:当喷嘴收缩角为20°以上时,喷嘴磨损呈现两个严重磨损区,分别在喷嘴圆柱段入口处前较短距离范围内和喷嘴圆柱段出口处前较短距离范围内;随着喷嘴收缩角的增大,磨料颗粒与喷嘴圆柱段壁面碰撞次数和速度增加,同时随着喷嘴长径比的增大,喷嘴圆柱段壁面磨损速率整体增加,严重磨损区范围扩大,结果均使喷嘴圆柱段的磨损加剧。以喷嘴壁面磨损速率的面积加权平均积分表征喷嘴整体的磨损程度。随着收缩角和长径比的增大,喷嘴壁面磨损速率的面积加权平均积分增大,喷嘴的磨损整体而言越严重。因此,从减小喷嘴磨损的角度而言,喷嘴的收缩角和长径比宜取小值。     

高压水射流切割喷嘴的结构设计和参数优化数值模拟研究

应用FLUENT软件对喷嘴的内外部流场进行数值模拟研究,并对影响喷嘴出口速度和动压的4个主要结构参数进行正交试验,模拟研究结果得出适用于切割的喷嘴结构和优化的结构参数.研究表明:喷嘴的收缩角对喷嘴的性能影响最大,喷嘴出口水平过渡段也是一个重要的影响因素.     

FDM 3D打印机喷嘴流场分析与结构优化

通过田口方法和有限体积法研究了喷嘴结构对熔融沉积型(FDM,Fused Deposition Modeling)3D打印机出口速度稳定性的影响,试验研究在喷嘴收敛角、过渡圆弧半径、整流段长度三个因素的水平组合下进行,利用ANSYS Fluent软件对喷嘴流场进行仿真,得出喷嘴内流场的速度变化云图、出口速度和出口速度方差,并对喷嘴结构进行优化设计。结果表明,收敛角、过渡圆弧半径、整流段长度以及它们之间的交互作用是影响丝料出口速度稳定性的重要因素。通过实验验证,在满足加工条件的情况下,收敛角越小,过渡圆弧半径越大,喷嘴出口速度越稳定。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.