SnCu钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程建立

以搭接面积为1 mm2微型单搭接钎焊接头为研究对象,采用新型高温蠕变测试装置,测定了Sncu钎焊接头应力指数n和蠕变激活能Q,构建了稳态蠕变本构方程,探讨了蠕变变形机制.结果表明,在低温高应力下,SnCu共晶钎料钎焊接头应力指数为8.73,激活能在59.1～63.2 kJ/mol,位错攀移运动主要受位错管道扩散机制控制;在高温低应力区,Sncu共晶钎料钎焊接头应力指数为6.45,激活能在88.4～97.5 kJ/mol,位错攀移运动主要由晶格自扩散机制控制.     

基于小冲杆试验的固体氧化物燃料电池钎焊密封接头蠕变损伤演化规律

如何获得钎焊接头三明治微结构的蠕变力学性能一直以来是一个难题. 文中基于Wen-Tu蠕变延性耗竭模型开发了钎焊接头蠕变损伤子程序，利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了与SOFC密封接头相类似的钎焊接头小冲杆模型；采用试验与有限元相结合的方法研究了以304不锈钢为母材的SOFC钎焊接头蠕变损伤特性，得到了不同载荷下钎焊接头试样中心蠕变挠度变化率和蠕变应变变化率之间关系，阐明了钎焊接头在小冲杆蠕变试验条件下的蠕变损伤及裂纹扩展规律. 结果表明，适当的增加钎料的厚度有利于提高钎焊接头的抗蠕变变形能力，延长高温蠕变断裂寿命，且钎焊接头在多轴应力作用下主要断裂方式为脆性断裂. 初始裂纹最早在母材下表面萌生，距试样中心0.85 mm处，随后向上扩展至钎料层下表面，然后在钎料层上表面出现裂纹逐渐向母材上表面与钎料层下表面扩展，直至断裂.     

应力对SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变性能的影响

采用搭接面积为1mm^2的单搭接钎焊接头，研究了恒定温度下，应力对纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变寿命的影响。结果表明，纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料的蠕变抗力优于传统SnPb钎料。同时钎焊接头的蠕变寿命随应力增加而降低，且应力对复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命的影响较传统63Sn37Pb钎料明显。     

63Sn37Pb钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程的建立

采用高温蠕变测试装置，以简化的Dorn公式为基础．对63Sn37Pb微型单搭接钎焊接头蠕变应变进行了测试．确定了应力指数、蠕变激活能以及相关常数。建立了63Snd7Pb钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程，描述了稳态蠕变速率与应力和温度相关性。结果表明，钎焊接头应力指数和激活能均低于钎料本身的应力指数和激活能．说明钎料本身蠕变行为并不能完全代表钎焊接头的蠕变行为。     

纳米Ag颗粒增强复合钎料蠕变性能的研究

制备纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料.研究不同温度载荷下复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命,并与Sn-0.7Cu基体钎料钎焊接头进行对比.此外,确定纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头在不同温度和应力水平下的应力指数和蠕变激活能,建立复合钎料钎焊接头的稳态蠕变本构方程.结果表明,在不同的温度和应力下,与Sn-0.7Cu钎料钎焊接头相比,纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命均有所提高,且具有更高的蠕变激活能,说明复合钎料钎焊接头具有更优的抗蠕变性能.     

乙烯裂解炉管焊接接头鼓胀高温寿命研究及失效分析

在高温服役过程中,炉管及焊接接头等工作部分会出现鼓胀问题。通过蠕变试验和有限元数值模拟技术,对比分析了鼓胀对炉管长期服役寿命的影响,同时通过对炉管的化学成分、金相及抗拉强度进行分析得到其差异的原因。通过对鼓胀和未鼓胀试样进行服役温度下的单轴蠕变试验,得到蠕变曲线,通过数据拟合得到改进K-R本构模型的材料损伤参数;利用有限元方法进行了蠕变损伤分析和寿命预测。2种试样的化学成分分析和拉伸性能分析表明材质不合格为其失效的主要原因之一;利用SEM对组织进行分析,发现炉管在高温下服役会发生渗碳,造成局部温度过高,导致材料的耐高温能力下降造成鼓胀,最终导致材料的失效。     

两种无铅钎料的抗蠕变性能与Sn60Pb40钎料的对比分析

对两种无铅钎料Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi和Sn-Ag-Sb模拟封装钎焊接头的蠕变和断裂行为进行了研究,并与传统的Sn60Pb40近共晶钎料进行了对比.结果表明,两种无铅钎料的抗蠕变能力均远优于Sn60Pb40近共晶钎料,其蠕变速率低且蠕变寿命长.钎焊接头蠕变断裂后的扫描电镜分析表明,两种无铅钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂呈现明显的沿晶断裂特征,而Sn60Pb40钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂机理则为穿晶断裂.     

一种钛基钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头的高温力学性能分析

采用自主研发的一种Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo非晶钎料对TiAl合金进行钎焊连接，钎焊温度为1 000 ℃，时间为5 min，对所得的钎焊接头进行了高温抗剪强度和抗拉强度研究，并与母材强度进行了对比. 结果表明，钎焊接头在700 ℃高温下可长期服役，但剪切试验温度高于700 ℃后由于氧化物的生成和钎焊中心区显微组织发生变化导致剪切性能急剧下降，钎焊接头跟母材在不同拉伸试验温度下的抗拉强度随试验温度上升呈下降趋势，两者差距先减小后增大，分别在不高于600和800 ℃条件下仍能保持室温性能的80%以上.     

RE含量及环境条件对SnAgCu钎焊接头蠕变断裂寿命的影响

采用搭接面积为1mm^2的微型接头，研究了Ce-La混合稀土（RE）含量和环境条件对Sn2．5Ag0．7CuxRE钎料钎焊接头蠕变断裂寿命的影响。结果表明：添加微量RE可改变钎焊接头界面层金属间化合物的几何尺寸及形态，从而影响SnAgCuRE钎料合金钎焊焊点的蠕变断裂寿命。当RE添加量为0.1％时（质量分数，下同），焊点界面金属间化合物尺寸小且均匀，蠕变断裂寿命最长，为SnAgCu焊点蠕变断裂寿命的8．4倍，其值明显高于商用钎料Sn3．8Ag0．7Cu焊点的蠕变断裂寿命。在相同条件下，焊点的服役温度升高、应力增加，将导致焊点的蠕变断裂寿命下降。     

不锈钢板翅结构钎焊残余应力对蠕变的影响

利用有限元法,对微小尺寸的镍基钎焊不锈钢板翅结构进行600 ℃下的蠕变有限元分析,讨论钎焊残余应力对蠕变变形的影响.结果表明,由于镍基钎料BNi-2和不锈钢母材SS304力学性能的差异以及钎焊夹具的约束作用,钎焊后在接头处产生了较大的残余应力,对不锈钢板翅结构高温下的蠕变行为产生很大影响,在强度设计中不能忽略.初始应力和蠕变应变的分布规律具有一致性.隔板和翅片具有不同的应力应变分布特征,隔板侧的蠕变开裂的倾向比翅片大.钎角处蠕变应力和应变集中,易萌生蠕变裂纹.研究结果为不锈钢板翅结构钎焊接头的高温强度设计提供参考.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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