纳米硬质合金的弹性模量（英文）

本文的研究目的是获得纳米晶WC-Co硬质合金的弹性模量,并分析其弹性模量不同于常规微米硬质合金的原因。采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法制备纳米晶硬质合金,分别采用SPS烧结和低压烧结(sinter-HIP)制备常规微米晶硬质合金。烧结试样的显微组织和WC晶粒尺寸采用X射线衍射技术、扫描电镜、透射电镜及旋进电子衍射技术进行表征。弹性模量采用纳米压痕技术中的连续刚度法进行测量,并取其稳定区域的平均值得到。结果表明,与SPS制备的微米级硬质合金相比,纳米晶WC-Co硬质合金的弹性模量较小,可能与界面含量增多和放电等离子烧结过程的快速加热和冷却造成合金钴相中hcp-Co含量增多有关。     

放电等离子烧结温度对纳米硬质合金性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)这种新的烧结技术制取92WC-8Co纳米硬质合金。主要就放电等离子烧结92WC-8Co硬质合金的烧结温度进行研究探索,对不同的烧结温度进行对比实验,以找出最佳的硬质合金SPS烧结温度。最终发现:1150℃为放电等离子烧结纳米92WC-8Co硬质合金的最佳烧结温度,在该温度下,硬质合金制品可达到14.88g/cm3的致密度,硬度可达到94.2HRA。     

纳米复合WC-6Co粉末的快速烧结

以液相复合-连续还原碳化方法制备的纳米复合WC-6Co粉末为原料，采用放电等离子烧结（SPS），制取了超细硬质合金。利用扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪、洛氏硬度仪、密度测试仪、MTS陶瓷测试系统等，观察烧结体显微结构，测试其硬度、密度、断裂强度、矫顽磁力、磁饱和度。结果表明采用放电等离子烧结获得的烧结体的硬度HVl≥19500MPa，断裂强度TRS≥2800MPa，平均晶粒度150nm～300nm。制备了高强度、高硬度的超细WC-6Co硬质合金。     

放电等离子烧结纳米硬质合金的研究

采用放电等离子烧结 (SPS)和普通真空烧结两种烧结工艺烧结 92WC - 8Co纳米硬质合金。放电等离子烧结 ,在 115 0℃的烧结温度、4.5kN压力下保温 5min ,烧结体就完全致密 ,其合金中的WC晶粒度小于 2 0 0nm ,硬度可达到 94.2HRA。真空烧结达到完全致密 ,烧结温度需 140 0℃ ,保温时间 30min ,WC晶粒度为 (30 0 40 0 )nm ,硬度最高为 93HRA。结果表明 :放电等离子烧结硬质合金的温度显著降低 ,烧结时间大大缩短 ,有效地抑制了WC晶粒的长大。SPS还显著降低微孔等缺陷 ,制品性能也大大提高。     

专利介绍

放电等离子原位合成WC硬质合金方法；梯度组成烧结合金以及制造方法；快速制备MoSi2基复合材料粉末及其烧结体的方法；陶瓷颗粒增强铝基纳米复合材料的制造方法；纳米氮化铝／纳米铝双纳米复合材料的制备方法。[编者按]     

等离子球磨技术在制备WC-Co硬质合金中的应用

本文简述了高强韧WC-Co硬质合金的发展方向,介绍了等离子球磨新技术的基本原理和方法,总结了近年来基于等离子球磨技术的"碳化烧结一步法"在制备高性能WC-Co硬质合金中的进展。等离子球磨制备硬质合金表现出3点优势:(1)显著提高了W与C反应的活性,极大地降低了WC的合成温度,有望采用"碳化烧结一步法"制备WC-Co硬质合金,简化制备工艺流程,实现节能降耗;(2)等离子球磨有利于形成板状结构的WC晶粒,并且能够较方便地控制WC的形态,为设计和调控WC-Co硬质合金的组织创造了很大的空间;(3)利用等离子球磨方法制备WC-Co硬质合金适于普通烧结的规模生产技术,所得到的材料具有优异的强韧力学性能。     

WC-7Co硬质合金放电等离子烧结工艺

采用放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)技术制取WC-7Co硬质合金。研究了烧结温度、烧结压力对烧结WC-7Co硬质合金力学性能的影响,探讨了最佳烧结热压比,分析了粉末烧结致密化过程和晶粒长大机制。结果表明,WC-7Co硬质合金在1150℃烧结时,随着压力的增加,烧结致密性呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,在30 MPa时可获得最佳烧结致密性。在升温速率为100℃/min,保温时间为5 min,烧结温度为1150℃,热压比为38℃/MPa的工艺条件下,利用SPS技术可制备组织致密、综合力学性能良好的WC-7Co硬质合金。     

纳米WC-6%Co复合粉的放电等离子烧结研究

以水溶液化学法制备的WC-6%Co纳米复合粉体为原料,利用放电等离子烧结(spark plasma singtering,SPS)技术制备了超细硬质合金。研究了烧结温度对硬质合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,分析了纳米粉体烧结的致密化过程。结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,烧结致密性、硬度和断裂韧性都呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,在升温速度为100℃/min,烧结温度为1 250℃,保温时间5 min,压力为30 MPa的工艺条件下,利用SPS技术可制备综合力学性能良好的超细晶硬质合金,平均晶粒大小为420 nm,维氏硬度为1 969 HV30,断裂韧性为10.7 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

碳化帆颗粒尺寸对纳米晶硬质合金组织和性能的影响

利用原位还原碳化反应制备纳米尺度的WC-Co复合粉体,应用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备出纳米晶WC-Co硬质合金块体材料。分析了晶粒长大抑制剂碳化钒(VC)颗粒尺寸对纳米晶硬质合金的显微组织、晶粒尺寸及分布和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当VC的粒径减小到100 nm以下时,利用快速烧结技术可制备得到平均晶粒尺寸约为70 nm的致密WC-Co硬质合金块体材料,其物相纯净,晶粒尺寸分布均匀,维氏硬度为19.84 GPa,断裂韧性达到12.10 MPa·m1/2。     

火花等离子烧结技术制备的WC/Co纳米硬质合金

研究了火花等离子烧结工艺与YG10、YG12两种纳米硬质合金性能的关系.然后采用火花等离子烧结技术制备了硬质合金功能梯度材料,该材料由纳米WC/10%Co、纳米WC/12%Co、微米WC/15%Co混合粉以及不锈钢圆片烧结而成.显微硬度压痕显示该材料各层间的应力较小.     

Elastic modulus of nanocrystalline cemented carbide

The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC–Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides. The nanocrystalline cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides were prepared by SPS and sinter-HIP techniques as references, respectively. The sintered cemented carbides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy with precession electron diffraction technology. The elastic modulus was obtained by averaging the values measured with the continuous stiffness measurement method of the nanoindentation technology. The results show that the nanocrystalline cemented carbide has a relatively low modulus, which could be attributed to the more interface area and higher fraction ratio of the hcp cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS.     

EFFECTS OF SIZE COMBINATION AND CONTACTING STATE OF RAW POWDER PARTICLES ON SPARK PLASMA SINTERED ULTRAFINE CEMENTED CARBIDES

本文采用亚微米WC粉和纳米Co粉、亚微米WC粉和高能球磨后具有纳米晶组织的微米级Co粉这两种具有不同粒径匹配的混合粉末作为原料粉末，利用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术制备超细晶WC-10Co硬质合金。对不同原料粉末的SPS过程及烧结试样的显微组织和性能进行了系统的对比分析。实验结果表明，以两种混合粉末为原料均获得了平均晶粒尺寸在200nm以下的超细硬质合金材料，其中，采用亚微米WC粉和高能球磨的微米级Co粉利用SPS技术制备的材料相对密度达到98%以上，硬度达到HRA94.5，断裂韧性达到13.50MPa•m1/2，表明具有优良的综合性能。而采用亚微米WC粉和纳米Co粉利用SPS技术制备出的超细晶硬质合金的组织均匀性和性能较差。根据SPS技术的特殊烧结机理，对采用不同粒径匹配和结合状态的WC和Co混合粉末的SPS致密化机制进行了分析。     

Effect of Mo2C additions on the properties of SPS manufactured WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbides

The effect of spark plasma sintering (SPS) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–Co and WC–Ni cemented carbides was studied, and compared to WC–Co produced by liquid phase sintering (LPS). There were finer WC grains with larger Co pools in the spark plasma sintered WC–Co, resulting in higher hardness and slightly lower fracture toughness than the liquid phase sintered WC–Co. The influence of the addition of 0.5–5 wt.%Mo₂C to WC-based cemented carbide containing 6.25 wt.%TiC and 9.3 wt.%Ni prepared by SPS was also studied. This addition improved the wettability between WC and Ni and lead to the improvements of microstructures, resulting in good combinations of hardness, fracture toughness and modulus of elasticity that were comparable to WC–Co based cemented carbides.     

Effect of Cu on the microstructures and properties of WC-6Co cemented carbides fabricated by SPS

The aim of this work is to study the effect of Cu on sintering temperature, densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-6Co cemented carbides fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Fine grained WC powders with an average size of 1.2 μm, were investigated. Microstructures, hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance of WC-6(Co/Cu) cemented carbides were measured and observed using SEM, mechanical property test. The results show that the sintering temperature of WC-6Co cemented carbides can be decreased obviously with Cu added; addition of Cu reduced grain size to 0.85 μm, but led to lower density. The adding amount of Cu should be controlled within a certain range, and the samples adding the appropriate proportion of Cu can obtain higher hardness and wear resistance.     

中国超细晶硬质合金及原料制备技术进展

超细晶硬质合金是WC晶粒度≤0．5μm的硬质合金,这类合金具有高强度和高硬度的优异性能。目前由超细晶硬质合金制备的高效刀具已经广泛用于航空航天、核能、汽车、发电设备、新能源和电子通讯等现代制造业。主要对中国超细晶硬质合金原料（例如超细碳化钨粉、钴粉、复合粉）和超细晶硬质合金制备技术、性能及表征方法作了系统的阐述。最后对超细晶硬质合金制备技术进行了展望。     

WC-Co硬质合金特征晶面分布的研究

采用不同温度进行原位还原碳化反应制备纳米粒径的WC-Co复合粉末,进而利用放电等离子烧结技术进行快速致密化,制备得到致密的纳米晶硬质合金块体材料。系统的检测分析表明,低温下反应制备的以缺碳相为主相的复合粉经烧结致密化后块体试样存在WC晶粒高度取向分布的特征,其中,(0001)面在垂直于压力方向上面积分数达到40%,在平行于压力方向上(0001)面的面积分数仅为10.72%。与之对比,在高温反应制备的复合粉末烧结制备的块体试样中,没有出现特征晶面分布的各向异性。     

Change in relative density of WC-Co cemented carbides in spark plasma sintering process

The relative density of WC-Co cemented carbides during spark plasma sintering (SPS) was analyzed.Based on the change in displacement of the ram in the SPS system,the relative densities in the sintering process can be achieved at different temperatures.The results indicated that densification of the samples started at near 900℃,the density rapidly reached its maximum at the increasing temperature stage,in which the temperature was lower than the sintering temperature of 1200℃,and most of the densification took place in the stage.Besides,the theoretcal values were consistent with the experimental results.     

超细硬质合金WC-10Co-0.8(VC/Cr_3C_2)的烧结特征

超细硬质合金粉末粒度细小,具有高的比表面积和缺陷密度,因而具有较高的烧结活性,呈现出与普通硬质合金不同的烧结特征。因此,针对超细硬质合金特点制定合适的烧结工艺在生产超细硬质合金中是至关重要的。真空烧结超细硬质合金WC-10Co-0.8(VC/Cr3C2)的结果表明:1320℃烧结温度下的超细硬质合金,较1350℃和1380℃的密度和硬度低,WC晶粒细而孔隙度高。1350℃比1380℃具有更高的横向断裂强度(TRS)。WC-10Co-0.8(VC/Cr3C2)超细硬质合金的适宜烧结温度为1350℃。差热分析(DTA)对烧结过程中的热效应分析表明:出现液相温度为950℃,1300℃结束。同时氧化杂质被还原导致质量的损失和气体的产生。晶粒长大抑制剂VC和Cr3C2的加入,提高了氧化物杂质还原温度。     

硬质合金注射成形技术研究进展

粉末注射成形技术作为一种先进的成形方法近年来受到广泛的关注 ,得到了迅速的发展。本文综述了粉末注射成形技术的工艺特点、技术现状以及在硬质合金异型产品制备中的应用 ,并对硬质合金注射成形技术的发展方向和前景进行了展望     

Material removal mechanisms of cemented carbides machined by ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM in gas medium

A new electrical discharge machining (EDM) technology named tool electrode ultrasonic vibration assisted electrical discharge machining in gas medium (UEDM in gas) is proposed and its principle is introduced. Relevant experimental equipment was designed by which a series of machining experiments of cemented carbide material were carried out. The mechanisms of cemented carbide material removal are discussed in detail through observing and analyzing the microstructures of machined surface. Five material removal mechanisms of cemented carbides machined by UEDM in gas were proposed, which are melting and evaporation, oxidation and decomposition, spalling, the force of high-pressure gas and the affection of ultrasonic vibration.