超声滚压参数对18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢表面性能的影响

目的研究在不同加工参数下,对18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢进行超声滚压加工后表层质量的变化,并得出其显著性顺序。建立表面粗糙度的解析模型,研究进给量、滚压次数和初始表面粗糙度对表面质量的影响,并与试验结果作对比。方法采用车刀将固定在车床卡盘上的18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢棒状材料的端面进行精车后,采用超声滚压试验装置对精车后端面进行加工处理。采用三维形貌测量仪等专用设备,对加工完成后的试样表面表面粗糙度、表层显微硬度、表面二维形貌和表层残余应力等进行检测,然后利用正交试验,寻找对试样表面粗糙度影响的显著性因素,建立表面粗糙度的解析模型,对比试验数据和解析模型数据,研究超声滚压对表面粗糙度、表面二维形貌、表层显微硬度和表层残余应力的影响。结果得到的显著性顺序为进给量、主轴转速、次数、振幅、静压力,并且前述给出的粗糙度解析模型可以较好地预测超声滚压后的表面粗糙度,计算得到的理论数据与试验数据较为接近。试样表面的粗糙度Ra由车削加工的3.003μm减小为0.468μm,齿轮钢表层形成了明显的加工硬化层,其深度约为260μm;表层显微硬度从未处理的360.9HV升至417.6HV,比率为15.7%;表层内形成了勺形分布的残余应力,在距离表层60μm处,最大残余压应力形成,为–790.97 MPa,残余压应力层深度达到了800μm。结论超声滚压加工可以显著提高18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢试样的表面性能,其中以滚压进给量的影响最为显著。     

表面超声滚压工艺参数对EA4T车轴表面性能的影响

采用表面超声滚压技术对EA4T车轴表面进行强化处理;利用正交试验法对表面超声滚压工艺参数进行优化。采用粗糙度仪、显微硬度计和残余应力测试仪分别测量车轴表层处的粗糙度、显微硬度和残余应力;并用扫描电镜观察截面的微观组织。结果表明:表面超声滚压可降低EA4T车轴表面粗糙度,获得较高的表面残余压应力,提高车轴表面硬度,并使表层晶粒细化。通过正交试验得出,对粗糙度、表层硬度、硬化层深度和表面残余应力影响最显著的因素分别为进给量、主轴转速、滚压力和主轴转速。本试验条件下选出的最佳工艺参数为主轴转速10 r/min、进给量0.10mm/r、滚压力300 kg。     

7050铝合金高速二维超声滚压对表面质量的影响

为实现7050铝合金高效优质表面强化,将高速超声引入到二维超声滚压中,研究了7050铝合金高速二维超声滚压后的表面质量。首先采用单因素试验法对7050铝合金进行高速二维超声滚压加工试验,利用超景深测量仪和扫描电镜观察并对比分析了车削后与滚压后的表面形貌和微观组织;采用粗糙度测量仪、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪测量滚压后的表面粗糙度、显微硬度和表面残余应力,并分析了不同工艺参数对表面质量的影响。结果表明:7050铝合金经高速二维超声滚压加工后,试件表面更为光滑,表层组织更致密,能有效降低表面粗糙度值、提高显微硬度,并形成残余压应力,表面粗糙度最低为0. 68μm,降幅达65%,表面显微硬度最大为156 HV0. 1,增幅达72%,表面残余压应力最高达-329. 5 MPa。在高速二维超声滚压中,7050铝合金工件表面粗糙度主要受静压力和转速影响,表面显微硬度受静压力、进给量和振幅影响较大,而表面残余压应力主要受进给量的影响。7050铝合金加工时表面组织及性能主要受冷塑性变形和温度场的综合影响,高速二维超声滚压加工工艺能够实现7050铝合金的优质高效强化处理。     

超声振动滚压加工参数对TC4钛合金表面质量的影响

通过超声振动滚压加工正交试验,研究主轴转速、进给速度、静压力和加工次数对TC4钛合金表面质量的影响,并将材料的表面粗糙度、显微硬度及残余应力作为其表面质量的评价指标。试验结果表明:超声振动滚压加工工艺能降低TC4钛合金表面粗糙度,大幅度提高显微硬度,在表面引入残余压应力;合适的主轴转速、进给速度及加工次数使表面粗糙度达到最佳效果,一定范围内,表面粗糙度随着静压力的增大而减小;主轴转速对材料表面显微硬度影响较小,显微硬度随着进给速度的增大而减小,随着静压力及加工次数的增大而增大;主轴转速对材料表面残余应力有无规律的影响,材料表面的残余应力值随着进给速度的增大而减小,随着静压力及加工次数的增大而增大。     

超声滚压参数对TC4钛合金表面完整性的影响

为研究加工参数对超声辅助滚压强化TC4钛合金表面完整性的影响规律，设计基于主轴转速、进给速度、静压力和加工次数的4×4正交试验，对试样表面显微形貌、残余应力、硬度和粗糙度进行观测分析。结果表明：表面残余应力和硬度随主轴转速和进给速度的增大先增大后减小，随静压力的增大逐渐增大，随加工次数的增多逐渐减小；表面粗糙度随主轴转速和进给速度的增大逐渐增大，随静压力和加工次数的增大而减小。加工后试样表面完整性得到有效提高，划痕缺陷被消除，表面光整度提高；并形成了有利的残余压应力，最大值为-431.063 MPa,表面显微硬度提高了38.1%,表面粗糙度降低了92.7%。     

轴承套圈表面超声滚挤压加工硬化模型

为了提高轴承表层性能,获得较好的表面硬度,对超声滚挤压加工强化处理后的轴承套圈进行显微硬度测试,研究静压力、工件转速、进给量3个主要加工参数对轴承试样表面层硬度、硬化层深度的影响规律,建立了超声滚挤压轴承套圈表面加工硬化回归模型,并验证了模型的准确性。研究结果表明,轴承套圈表面硬化层深度可达250μm,表面硬度随静压力的增大而增大,随进给量的增大而减小,随转速的增大先增大后减小;其中静压力对硬度和硬化层深度的影响最大,进给量次之,转速影响相对较小;使用所建立的表面硬度模型进行预测的结果与试验结果最大误差为1. 29%,说明该模型可用于不同工艺参数下轴承套圈表面硬度的预测和优化。     

后处理对高速激光熔覆表面性能的影响

液压立柱表面镀铬涂层易出现微小裂纹并导致涂层剥落,对煤矿生产造成安全隐患。为强化液压立柱表面性能、提高液压立柱使用寿命,利用高速激光熔覆技术在27SiMn钢表面制备铁基耐腐蚀熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行车-滚后处理提升强化熔覆层表面性能。使用扫描电子显微镜、形状测量激光显微镜、显微硬度计、电化学工作站等对高速激光熔覆层、车削及不同滚压力作用后的熔覆层微观组织、表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性能进行研究分析。结果表明：初始熔覆层显微组织致密,无明显孔隙、裂纹等缺陷,从结合处到表面依次为平面晶、树枝晶、等轴晶;滚压加工的“削峰填谷”效应使熔覆层表面发生塑性变形,滚压力为2.8 MPa时,表面轮廓平整,表面粗糙度降低至0.768μm;熔覆层硬度随滚压力的增大而增加,熔覆层顶部出现明显的塑性变形区和硬化层;车-滚复合加工使熔覆层表面残余应力由拉应力状态转变为压应力,滚压力增大,残余压应力先增大后减小;车-滚复合加工使熔覆层表层晶粒细化,增强Cr元素扩散,提高耐蚀能力,但过大的滚压力使熔覆层表面损伤,耐蚀能力下降。车-滚后处理工艺有效提升了熔覆层表面性能,可为高速激光熔覆高效低成本的后处理工艺...     

纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工表面强化研究

目的基于纵-扭复合振动超声加工和超声深滚加工提出了纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工工艺,研究各深滚工艺参数对工件表面强度的影响,以验证二维超声振动加工技术在表面强化技术领域的应用效果。方法采用单因素试验法对6061-T651铝合金轴件分别进行纵-扭复合振动超声深滚与常规深滚加工试验,然后用MH-5数显硬度计测试每组参数下的表面显微硬度,研究静压力、工件转速和进给量对工件表面显微硬度的影响,并将两种试验结果进行对比。结果在设定工艺参数内,纵-扭复合振动超声深滚工艺所获得的表面显微硬度均高于同等加工条件下常规深滚工艺。纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工时,表面显微硬度随静压力和工件转速的增大先增大后减小,随进给量的增大先减小后增大再减小;常规深滚加工时,表面显微硬度与静压力近似呈线性关系,且随工件转速的增大先增大后减小,随进给量的增大一直减小。结论纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工工艺能更有效地实现6061-T651铝合金的表面强化处理。     

300 M超高强钢车削加工表面质量

目的研究切削参数对300M超高强度钢加工表面质量的影响。方法选用硬质合金刀具车削加工300M超高强度钢,研究切削参数对表面加工硬化、残余应力及表面粗糙度的影响。通过HXD-1000显微硬度检测仪、X-350A型X射线应力测试系统、TR240表面粗糙度测量仪对实验过程进行检测分析。通过单因素试验研究影响表面粗糙度的主次因素,并通过正交试验,以进给量f、切削速度v、刀尖圆弧半径rε、背吃刀量a_p为变量建立表面粗糙度的预测模型。结果背吃刀量a_p=0.2 mm,切削速度v为60~120 m/min,进给量f为0.1~0.25 mm/r时,300M钢经切削加工后,维氏硬度在467~550HV范围内变化。切削速度从60 m/min增大至200 m/min时,表面残余应力从压应力-59.13 MPa变为拉应力257.33 MPa,次表层残余应力的最大残余压应力从-147.46 MPa增大到-422.65 MPa,并且层深至50μm左右处,工件材料的加工变质层结束。结论表面硬度随着进给量和切削速度的增大而减小,并且越往里层,硬度越低,直至达到基体的硬度。影响表面粗糙度的最主要因素为进给量,其次是刀尖圆弧半径,再次为切削速度,背吃刀量对表面粗糙度的影响最小。建立的表面粗糙度预测模型通过了试验验证,具有很高的加工精度。     

CuZn30微铣削表面完整性影响规律试验研究

采用直径φ1的硬质合金铣刀对CuZn30合金进行单因素槽铣试验,研究加工表面完整性、顶毛刺和切屑随铣削参数的变化规律。通过试验得到以下结论:切削参数对加工表面完整性影响比较显著,其中表面粗糙度随主轴转速的增大而减小,随每齿进给量增大而增大,切削深度对粗糙度影响不太显著。残余应力随着每齿进给量的增大有明显增大趋势,而主轴转速与切削深度对残余应力的影响不太显著。显微硬度随铣削参数变化没有显著的变化。顶毛刺主要受每齿进给量的影响,毛刺尺寸随着每齿进给量的增加先急速减小后趋于平稳,切屑形态主要受切削深度的影响,随着切削深度的增加,切屑由短小的碎屑逐渐变为平滑的连续卷曲切屑。     

An investigation into roller burnishing

Burnishing, a plastic deformation process, is becoming more popular as a finishing process: thus, how to select the burnishing parameters to reduce the surface roughness and to increase the surface microhardness is especially crucial. This paper reports the results of an experimental program to study the influence of different burnishing conditions on both surface microhardness and roughness: namely, burnishing speed, force, feed, and number of passes. Also, it reports the relationship between residual stress and both burnishing speed and force. The residual stress distribution in the surface region that is orthogonally burnished is determined using a deflection etching technique. Mathematical models are presented for predicting the surface microhardness and roughness of St-37 caused by roller burnishing under lubricated conditions. Variance analysis is conducted to determine the prominent parameters and the adequacy of the models. From an initial roughness of about R_a 4.5 μm, the specimen could be finished to a roughness of 0.5 μm. It is shown that the spindle speed, burnishing force, burnishing feed and number of passes have the most significant effect on both surface microhardness and surface roughness and there are many interactions between these parameters. The maximum residual stress changes from tensile to compressive with an increase in burnishing force from 5 to 25 kgf. With a further increase in burnishing force from 25 to 45 kgf, the maximum residual stress increases in compression.     

超声滚压强化7075铝合金工件表面性能的研究

目的探究超声滚压强化技术对7075铝合金工件表面性能的影响。方法对7075铝合金棒状试样精车加工后进行了超声滚压强化处理。综合使用粗糙度测量仪、表面显微硬度仪、金相显微镜以及X射线衍射应力分析仪,研究了处理前后工艺参数中的压下量对试样的表面粗糙度、表面显微硬度、表面微观组织及表面残余应力等表面性能的影响。结果超声滚压强化处理后,试样表面粗糙度由0.976μm降低至0.047μm,表面显微硬度由105.6HV0.2提高至119HV0.2,显微硬度提高了15%。精车加工后,精车试样的表层组织与心部组织几乎无变化。超声滚压强化后,相对心部组织而言,表层晶粒组织得到显著细化,表层均为残余压应力,压应力深度为1.75 mm。残余压应力最大值位于最表层,最大为-174.0 MPa,且距离最表层越远,残余压应力总体呈减小趋势。结论通过对比研究精车试样与超声滚压试样,发现超声滚压强化工艺可以大大地降低试样表面粗糙度,显著地细化表层试样晶粒与提高表面硬度,改善残余应力的分布,并引入一定深度的残余压应力。     

Experimental techniques for studying the effects of milling roller-burnishing parameters on surface integrity

Roller-burnishing is used in place of other traditional methods to finish 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. How to select the burnishing parameters to improve surface integrity (reduce surface roughness, increase surface microhardness and produce compressive residual stress) is especially crucial. This paper presents an investigation of the effect of roller-burnishing upon surface roughness, surface microhardness and residual stress of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The residual stress distribution in the surface region that was burnished is determined using a deflection-etching technique. Mathematical models correlating three process parameters: burnishing speed, burnishing depth of penetration and number of passes, are established. A Group Method of Data Handling Technique, GMDH, is used. It is shown that low burnishing speeds and high depths of penetration produce much smoother surfaces, whereas a combination of high speed with high depth leads to rougher surfaces because of chatter. The optimum number of passes that produces a good surface finish was found to be 3 or 4. The maximum value of compressive residual stress decreases with an increase in burnishing speed. The maximum compressive residual stress increases with an increase in burnishing depth of penetration and/or number of passes.     

基于灰色关联分析的GH2132线材高精度切削参数优化

目的 通过无心车床车削去除GH2132线材的表面缺陷,分析无心车床加工参数对线材表面粗糙度、尺寸误差和表面显微硬度的响应关系,并建立GH2132线材表面灰色关联度多目标优化模型,确定可行工艺参数域。方法 采用响应曲面中心复合设计,测量车削后GH2132线材的表面粗糙度、尺寸误差和表面显微硬度;利用响应曲面法(Response Surface Method,RSM)分别建立表面粗糙度、尺寸误差和表面显微硬度的单目标预测模型,确定单目标优化最优工艺参数组;基于灰色关联分析(Grey Correlation Analysis,GRA)理论,以表面粗糙度、尺寸误差和表面显微硬度为优化指标进行降维处理,构建车削工艺参数与灰色关联度的二阶回归预测模型;绘制车削工艺参数与灰色关联度值的等值线图,确定可行工艺参数域。结果 对建立的表面粗糙度、尺寸误差和表面显微硬度的单目标预测模型进行方差分析,显著度均小于0.000 1。得到了最小表面粗糙度工艺参数组,切削速度n=373.919 r/min,进给速度vf =0.475 m/min。得到了最小尺寸误差工艺参数组,n=375.636 r/min,vf =0.596 m/min。得到了最大表面显微硬度工艺参数组,n=337 r/min,vf = 0.903 m/min。对于灰色关联度多目标预测模型,误差范围为0.13%~9.4%,确定的可行工艺参数域对应的最小灰色关联度值为0.544 37。结论 基于灰色关联分析的多目标预测模型的准确度较高,主轴转速n对多目标的响应程度大于进给速度vf。通过确定可行工艺参数域,为GH2132线材去除表面缺陷提供工程参考。     

Freeform surface finish of plastic injection mold by using ball-burnishing process

The objective of this study is to introduce the possible ball-burnishing surface finish process of a freeform surface plastic injection mold on a machining center. The design and manufacture of a burnishing tool was first accomplished in this study. The optimal plane ball-burnishing parameters were determined by utilizing the Taguchi’s orthogonal array method for plastic injection molding steel PDS5 on a machining center. Four burnishing parameters, namely the ball material, burnishing speed, burnishing force, and feed, were selected as the experimental factors of Taguchi’s design of experiment to determine the optimal burnishing parameters, which have the dominant influence on surface roughness. The optimal burnishing parameters were found out after conducting the experiments of the Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal table, analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the full factorial experiment. The optimal plane burnishing parameters for the plastic injection mold steel PDS5 were the combination of the tungsten carbide ball, the burnishing speed of 200 mm/min, the burnishing force of 300 N, and the feed of 40 μm. The surface roughness R_a of the specimen could be improved from about 1 to 0.07 μm by using the optimal burnishing parameters for plane burnishing. Applying the optimal burnishing parameters for plane burnishing to freeform surface plastic injection mold, the surface roughness R_a of freeform surface region on the tested plastic injection part could be improved from about 0.842 to 0.187 μm, through a comparison between using the fine milled and using the ball-burnished mold cavity.     

Effect of Ball Burnishing Process on the Surface Quality and Microstructure Properties of AISI 1010 Steel Plates

A newly developed ball burnishing tool was designed and tested for surface finishing of large flat surfaces in a shortest possible time. Optimization and analysis of the burnishing process were carried on AISI 1010 steel hot-rolled plates using the Taguchi technique and response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the effect of burnishing parameters (i.e., burnishing speed, burnishing force, and feed rate) on surface roughness, surface hardness, and microstructure of burnished surfaces. The optimal burnishing parameters were found after conducting the Taguchi’s L₂₅ matrix experiments and obtaining the response models for the surface roughness and the hardness. It was found that the burnishing force has the most influential effect on the surface roughness and hardness, followed by the burnishing speed, and least influence by the feed rate. In addition, microstructural examinations of the burnished surface indicate that burnishing force more than 400 N causes flaking of the burnished surfaces. The optimal burnishing parameters for the steel plates were a combination of a burnishing speed of 235 rpm, a burnishing force of 400 N, and a feed rate of 0.18 mm/rev. Using these parameters, the mean surface roughness has been improved from Ra = 2.48 to 1.75 μm, while the hardness increases from 59 to 65.5 HRB.     

微沟槽织构对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响

为研究微织构对切削过程中产生的切削力和已加工表面粗糙度的影响,在聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀片前刀面制备与主切削刃平行的宽度为32.6μm的微沟槽织构。分别用微沟槽刀具和无织构刀具在主轴转速为450、500、600 r/min的条件下切削淬硬钢GCr15,分析切削力和已加工表面粗糙度。试验结果表明:微沟槽改善了刀具的切削性能,主切削力、进给力和切深力均小于无织构刀具;进给力、切深力随着主轴转速的增加均变大,主切削力表现为先减小再增大;用微沟槽织构刀具切削的已加工表面粗糙度大于无织构刀具,表明微沟槽不利于获得表面质量较好的工件;随着主轴转速增加,微沟槽刀具和无织构刀具切削的表面粗糙度均减小。     

Effect of Machining Parameters on Surface Integrity in Machining Nimonic C-263 Super Alloy Using Whisker-Reinforced Ceramic Insert

Whisker-reinforced ceramic inserts were used to conduct turning trials on nimonic C-263 super alloy to study the effect of different combinations of cutting parameters on surface integrity (roughness, microhardness, and residual stress) by employing energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Vicker’s microhardness test. Abrasion, adhesion and diffusion were found to be the main tool wear mechanisms in turning nimonic C-263 alloy. Based on characterization of surface roughness, a combination of 190 m/min cutting speed and 0.102 mm/rev feed rate was found to be the critical condition for turning nimonic C-263 alloy. Microhardness varied between 550 and 690 HV at the feed rates of 0.102-0.143 mm/rev for a cutting speed of 250 m/min after 9 min of turning. A tensile residual stress of 725-850 MPa on the machined surface was recorded at the preceding combination of cutting parameters. Cutting speed and cutting time had a dominant effect on the magnitude of the residual stress. No evidence of thermal relaxation and reduction in the degree of work hardening was noted during machining at high cutting speed.