等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能的影响

目的改善镍基合金涂层的摩擦学性能。方法分别采用感应重熔工艺及感应重熔-等温淬火一体化工艺,在GCr15钢基体表面制备了两种镍基合金涂层,并通过销盘摩擦磨损试验、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度测试对其摩擦磨损性能、微观组织、表面硬度进行了对比研究,探讨了等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能、微观组织、表面硬度的影响,揭示了其增强机理。结果经等温淬火后的重熔涂层比感应重熔涂层具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损失重,摩擦稳定阶段的摩擦系数为0.301,比后者低23.8%,相对耐磨性是后者的1.71倍。感应重熔涂层同时存在着磨粒磨损和粘着磨损两种机制,而经等温淬火后的重熔涂层以磨粒磨损为主,比前者具有更优异的抵抗磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的能力。感应重熔涂层及经等温淬火处理后的重熔涂层平均显微硬度分别为818.0、873.6HV(0.5),硬度极差分别为170.9、132.6HV(0.5),形状参数分别为18.5057、22.6189,后者比前者具有更高的平均硬度值、更小的硬度极差以及更加稳定的涂层性能。经过微观组织分析发现,重熔涂层在经等温淬火处理后,其晶粒的细化、硬质相的相对均质弥散性、共晶相的减少、丰富的耐磨陶瓷相和快速凝固的定向晶粒结构的协同作用,是其具有优异的显微硬度Weibull分布特性,以及耐磨性得到进一步提高的根本原因。结论合适的等温淬火热处理工艺能够改善感应重熔镍基合金涂层的微观组织,从而有效减小其摩擦系数,并提高其耐磨性。     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光重熔Al-Si-Cu涂层的性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Al-Si-Cu合金涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度与摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度约为基体的2.2倍,由于晶粒细化和硬质相的存在耐磨性较基体明显提高,重熔层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。     

60Si2Mn钢高速电弧喷涂耐磨涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为提高旋耕刀的耐磨性并延长其使用寿命,利用高速电弧喷涂技术在旋耕刀材料60Si2Mn钢表面制备NiAl粘结层与Ni-Al2O3、Cr2O3、SiC、Cr、Ti和Fe构成的耐磨涂层。经XRD、显微组织分析及硬度测试得到,耐磨涂层由Fe9.64Ti0.36、FeAl、Al2O3和SiO2多相组成,组织均匀致密,表面硬度达到1 037 HV0.2,比传统淬火、中温回火的表面硬度提高69%,表层硬度最高达到1 202HV0.2。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,耐磨涂层与传统淬火、中温回火相比,体积磨损量下降60%,摩擦因数降低44%,电弧喷涂涂层有效的降低了摩擦和磨损,改善了材料的耐磨性。     

汽车发动机用AZ91D合金的表面改性设计与性能研究

对汽车发动机用AZ91D合金进行等离子喷涂和激光重熔改性处理,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、显微硬度计、电化学工作站研究了AZ91D合金基材和涂层的显微形貌、物相组成、摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,等离子喷涂涂层和激光重熔层的显微硬度相较于AZ91D合金基材有明显提高,提高幅度约为10倍和13倍,而过渡层的显微硬度介于基材和涂层之间;相同载荷下等离子涂层的摩擦系数要高于激光重熔层,AZ91D合金基材的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,等离子喷涂涂层和激光重熔层的磨损机制为轻微磨粒磨损;等离子喷涂涂层和激光重熔涂层的耐腐蚀性能都要远优于AZ91D合金基材,由于具有致密均匀的涂层结构,激光重熔层具有最小的腐蚀倾向和腐蚀速率,耐腐蚀性能最好。     

50CrV钢螺丝刀刃口的激光淬火工艺优化与组织性能特征

为提高螺丝刀头刃口硬度与耐磨性,延长其使用寿命,在已做激光淬火薄壁件预试验基础上,采用大功率光纤耦合半导体激光器于螺丝刀刃口上进行激光淬火试验。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验仪等试验测试仪器,分析刃口激光淬火区域组织形态特征、显微硬度及耐磨损性能,确定螺丝刀刃口激光淬火可行的工艺参数。试验结果表明:激光淬火后刃口由完全淬透区、过渡区、基材3部分组成,完全淬透区显微组织为针状马氏体与残留奥氏体,过渡区由马氏体与回火索氏体组成。刃口激光淬火合理工艺参数为激光功率600 W、扫描速度900 mm/min。激光淬火后刃口截面平均硬度为805.7 HV0.3,相对淬火前提高了177.4 HV0.3,表层硬度值达到816.7 HV0.3,相对淬火前提高了188.4 HV0.3。淬火后刃口表面磨损量为0.5 mg,为基材磨损量的27.8%,稳定摩擦因数为0.25,为基材稳定摩擦因数的65.8%。激光淬火工艺能有效提高螺丝刀刃口的显微硬度与耐磨性,可用于螺丝刀刃口表面性能强化。     

不同方法制备NiCrBSi涂层的结构与摩擦学性能

采用氧-乙炔火焰喷涂、高频感应重熔和高频感应熔覆技术分别在45钢基体上制备3种NiCrBSi涂层。利用金相显微镜、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计等测试了涂层的显微组织及性能;采用CETR摩擦磨损试验机考察了3种涂层在干摩擦条件下的滑动磨损性能。结果表明:火焰喷涂层与基体间的结合为机械结合,其内部以γ-Ni为主,硬质相较少,涂层孔隙率高;经过感应重熔处理之后,涂层与基体间结合方式由机械结合变为冶金结合,涂层内硬质相含量增加,孔隙率降低。高频感应重熔层与高频感应熔覆层物相相似,主要由γ-Ni、Cr7C3、Cr23C6和CrB等组成,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,硬质相分布均匀。感应重熔层与感应熔覆层耐磨性相当,均优于普通火焰喷涂层。     

深松铲氩弧熔覆TiC/Ni复合涂层组织和性能研究

用氩弧熔覆技术在淬火后的65Mn基体表面制备了TiC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、往复式摩擦磨损试验机和显微硬度计对涂层的显微组织、耐磨性及硬度分布进行了测试研究。结果表明:复合涂层是由γ-Ni、CrB、M_(23)C_6、TiC等组成。涂层组织中TiC颗粒弥散分布在基体金属内。有涂层的深松铲显微硬度最高可达1034 HV,约为65Mn淬火后显微硬度的2倍。熔覆后的深松铲具有较好的耐磨性,使用寿命显著提高。     

回火温度对M50钢组织及摩擦磨损性能影响

采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了不同温度(160、300和540℃)回火处理对淬火态M50钢的微观组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果 表明:经1090℃淬火后M50钢显微组织由马氏体、碳化物及残留奥氏体组成,硬度为64.5 HRC,残留奥氏体含量为18％;回火处理使M50钢组织中马氏体转变为回火马氏体,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢硬度先降低再升高,其中,300℃回火时试验钢的硬度较低,540℃回火出现二次硬化现象,硬度值较大,残留奥氏体含量较低约4％.摩擦磨损试验结果表明:540℃回火处理可以有效降低试验钢的摩擦系数和磨损率,其磨损机制为轻微磨粒磨损伴随粘着磨损.     

复合制备Ni基合金涂层的组织结构及性能演变特征

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备Ni60合金涂层,对预制的涂层分别进行高频感应重熔和感应重熔+强制冷却处理。借助OM、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计和销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对3种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度分布及摩擦磨损性能进行分析,研究Ni60合金涂层组织结构及其性能的演变特征。结果表明:3种涂层组织结构差异较大,单纯感应重熔涂层使喷涂涂层组织结构细密化,感应重熔+强制冷却的涂层形成了外延型生长的定向晶结构。喷涂涂层硬度自内向外呈明显下降趋势,而后续处理的2种涂层均表现为自内向外略为增加趋势,导致喷涂涂层尽管有较高的平均硬度,但表层硬度低于其他2种涂层。3种涂层均有很好的耐磨性能,但后续处理使涂层的摩擦系数明显增大,耐磨性能显著增强,尤其附加强制冷却的涂层表现出更加优异的耐磨性能,其平均磨损率分别低于喷涂涂层约8.5倍和单纯感应重熔涂层约2倍。     

回火温度对高温淬火态8CrMoV轧辊钢组织和性能的影响

对高温淬火态的8CrMoV轧辊钢进行不同温度回火处理,分析了回火温度对高温淬火后的8CrMoV轧辊钢的组织、显微硬度以及耐磨性的影响。结果表明:不同回火温度条件下,高温淬火态的8CrMoV钢的组织形貌、显微硬度及耐磨性具有较大的差异。随回火温度的升高,逐渐由粗大的板条状回火马氏体转变为细小的回火马氏体及回火索氏体,显微硬度逐渐降低,当回火温度达到600℃时,硬度明显降低,出现软化现象,但其耐磨性并不是严格的与硬度成正比关系,当回火温度为550℃时,其耐磨性最高。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.