基于PCI控制的关节式搬运机械手的研制

开发设计出具有抓取和移动工件功能关节式搬运机械手,该机械手主要由腰部、大臂、小臂和腕部四部分组成,其控制系统以DMC2410运动控制卡为控制核心控制步进电机的运行,电机带动齿轮减速器拖动执行部件动作以实现搬运机械手的旋转或俯仰动作,DMC2410运动控制卡与步进电机驱动器和限位开关连接,获取机械手爪及各关节的位置信息,通过VC编写控制程序及开发出可视化人机界面,操作员可以根据实际工作需要修改运动参数并点击操作界面的按钮即可以实现机械手的实时操作。     

焊接机械手的设计及动力学仿真

本文以UG软件为基础,设计了一个小型焊接机械手,并将造型导入ADAMS建立机械手的虚拟样机,实现了机械手动力学仿真,得到机械手各个关节的力矩、角速度、角加速度等动力学参数,为后续设计、修改及电机选型提供了依据。     

采用混合算法优化的3?P RRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩研究

为了降低平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩,提高机械手运动平台运动的稳定性,采用混合算法优化机械手运动参数,并对驱动力矩进行仿真验证。针对传统非冗余机械手驱动系统进行改进,给出了平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手简图,设计了冗余机械手驱动系统,采用雅克比矩阵对冗余机械手运动平台运动轨迹进行转换,推导出冗余机械手3个分支闭环运动轨迹方程式。引用粒子群算法并进行改进,添加了遗传算法中交叉和变异操作,设计出了混合粒子群算法。采用混合算法优化冗余机械手运动参数,通过MATLAB软件对冗余机械手3个分支驱动力矩变化进行仿真,与优化前进行对比。结果显示:优化前,平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩较大,整体波动幅度较大;优化后,平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩较小,整体波动幅度较小。采用混合算法优化平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手运动参数,可以降低机械手驱动力矩,减少冗余机械手运动系统能量消耗。     

基于SimMechanics的四自由度机械手控制系统机液耦合仿真

为了研究四自由度的工业机械手运动轨迹,提出了利用Sim Mechanics工具箱建立机械手仿真模型。仿真结果表明:可以有效得到机械手的运动参数,机械手可以准确执行运动轨迹,关节运动快速平稳没有冲击,为机械手机械和液压建模提供了一种方便的工具。     

基于MATLAB的仿人焊接机械手运动学分析和仿真

针对在狭小空间或密闭容器内以及危险作业环境中焊接的特殊要求,以UG软件为基础设计了一种仿人焊接机械手。采用D-H方法建立了焊接机械手的运动学方程,并讨论了该机械手的运动学问题。然后运用MATLAB软件对机械手的运动学进行了仿真,通过仿真观察到机械手各个关节的运动,并得到所需的数据,说明了所设计参数的合理性和运动算法的正确性,为焊接机械手的动力学、控制及轨迹规划的研究提供了可靠的依据。     

基于Matlab的四工位制壳机械手运动学分析与仿真

针对四工位制壳机械手结构设计,通过D-H方法建立了机械手运动学方程,进行正、逆向运动学分析。同时,运用Matlab的Robotics Toolbox建立机械手仿真模型,并对正、逆运动学分析结果进行了仿真。结果表明,通过机器人工具箱对该机械手进行轨迹规划仿真,可以得出机械手各关节位移、速度和加速度曲线,从而验证机械手结构参数的合理性,为后期动力学分析和控制研究提供了理论分析的依据。     

基于虚拟样机的DELTA并联机械手动力学仿真和伺服选型

通过编程逆解DELTA机械手最大运动空间轨迹;采用虚拟样机技术,利用ProE/Mechanism和ADAMS软件对DELTA并联机械手进行动力学仿真,对比验证机构仿真结果,得出驱动轴运动参数;在此基础上,提出一种伺服电机精确选型的新方法。所建立的虚拟样机模型也为DELTA机械手的研究提供了一个运动学分析和控制的平台。     

基于ADMAS的码垛机械手仿真

为满足农场草垛搬运的要求,研制适合搬运的码垛机械手,对该码垛机械手的结构和参数进行了优化设计,首先采用D-H方法建立各关节的运动学数学模型,进行运动学正逆求解,求解末端执行器的位姿。其次利用UG软件进行三维模型设计,并通过ADMAS软件对该机械手搬料,放料时的运动轨迹进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:建立的运动学方程正确,设计的机械手符合工作轨迹要求。该机械手有较强的操作性,适合对农场草垛进行搬运的要求,同时为开发更先进的码垛机械手提供参考。     

关节型码垛机械手运动学分析及仿真

根据关节型码垛机械手的结构特点,运用D-H方法建立机械手的运动学模型,并对其进行位姿、速度正反问题的分析和求解,得到关节型码垛机械手的雅可比矩阵和逆雅可比矩阵,在此基础上运用ADAMS软件对机械手码垛过程进行仿真,得到关节扭矩、关节角速度曲线,并利用仿真结果完成伺服电机的选型,为控制系统研制提供依据。     

三自由度螺栓拆卸机械手的设计及动力学分析

设计一种在核环境下工作的螺栓拆卸机械手,该机械手末端执行器上装载了液压驱动的拆卸螺栓的扳手头,机械手可驱动扳手头在空间实现三自由度运动。建立、求解其动力学方程,并分析其动力学性能;通过Laplace变换建立机械手的传递函数模型,设计相应的补偿重力影响的PD控制系统。建立该螺栓拆卸机械手的联合仿真模型,进行动力学仿真。仿真结果为机构系统优化设计和样机制造提供参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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