热处理对ZG30Si2Mn3REB钢组织和性能的影响

以硅、锰为主要合金元素,稀土、硼为辅助元素,开发了高强度耐磨ZG30Si2Mn3REB钢.测试了该钢的临界点和连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,研究分析了淬火温度和淬火预处理方式及回火温度对其组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,淬火温度低于900 ℃时,随淬火温度升高,钢的硬度和强度升高;而淬火温度超过900 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,硬度和强度降低,韧性增加;淬火温度超过940 ℃后,韧性有所下降.淬火前经珠光体化预处理后,可以明显细化淬火组织,提高铸钢的韧性.随着回火温度升高,钢的硬度缓慢下降,而韧性提高,超过400 ℃出现回火脆性,韧性明显下降.经750 ℃×2 h珠光体化预处理和880～920 ℃淬火,250～350 ℃回火后,ZG30Si2Mn3REB钢具有高硬度、高强度和优良的韧性.     

淬火温度对Cr-Mo-V系低合金高强度钢力学性能的影响

研究了改变淬火温度对Cr-Mo-V系高强度力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着淬火温度的升高，硬度和强度逐渐提高，但当淬火温度超过1000℃后，硬度和强度的变化不明显。在所研究的整个淬火温度范围内，随着淬火温度的升高，塑性和韧性逐渐降低，且韧性的降低幅更大。由于添加了微合金元素V和Nb，当淬火温度低于1000℃，试验钢具有细小的奥氏体晶粒，逐渐降低，且韧性的降低幅度更大。由于添加了微合金元素V和Nb，当淬火温度低于1000℃，试验钢具有细小的奥氏体晶粒。     

齿轮轴用45钢亚温淬火与力学性能

为优化减速器精小设计,提高齿轮轴的综合力学性能,对减速器齿轮轴用45钢进行了亚温淬火试验,并探讨了在亚温淬火条件下,未溶铁素体的作用。结果表明,在790℃左右淬火时,45钢强度和硬度达到最大值;随回火温度升高,韧性逐渐增强。发现在500℃回火条件下,强度在较高水平同时,韧性随亚温淬火温度降低而提高的现象。     

回火温度与45钢亚温淬火强韧化的关系

采用金相观察、硬度测试、冲击和拉伸等试验,研究了回火温度与45钢亚温淬火强韧化的关系,并对相关影响因素进行了讨论。结果表明,亚温淬火温度高于770℃,其淬火态硬度不低于840℃常规淬火硬度。回火温度对亚温淬火硬度的影响表现在低于400℃回火时,其回火组织的硬度高于840℃常规淬火、回火的硬度;但高温回火时,其回火硬度的变化与之相反。在200～600℃整个回火温度区间,亚温淬火回火强度均低于840℃常规淬火、回火强度,但回火韧性与其相反。回火温度为400℃时,亚温淬火、回火强度出现极值。残留铁素体对回火硬度及韧性的改善大于对回火强度的改善。     

淬回火温度对高铁用25CrMo车轴钢屈强比的影响

研究了不同淬火温度和回火温度下,高铁用25CrMo车轴钢屈强比的变化趋势。采用调质处理,即淬火+高温回火处理试样,通过拉伸试验检测试样的力学性能,并进行微观组织分析。试验结果表明:改变回火温度对屈强比的影响比改变淬火温度的影响更加明显。随着淬火温度的升高,抗拉强度和屈服强度均增加,但是屈服强度的增量比抗拉强度的增量大;回火过程中,位错密度降低,随着碳化物以及合金元素析出,固溶强化降低,使得屈服强度增幅降低;但是合金元素析出,形成第二相粒子,沉淀强化作用比较显著,使得抗拉强度增幅增加,两者对抗拉强度和屈服强度的影响程度基本相同,故屈强比的变化波动很小。随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度均下降,在550～610℃时,屈服强度降低的幅度较小,屈强比增加;在610～670℃时,随着温度的升高,回火马氏体板条变宽,碳化物以及合金元素析出并聚集长大,随着析出物的增加,固溶强化作用减弱,析出物所产生的沉淀强化作用弱于固溶强化的减弱作用,所以强度降低,且屈服强度降低的幅度更大,故屈强比降低。因此在610℃时,屈强比增加形成峰值。     

热处理对34CrNiMo6钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同的淬火回火工艺对34CrNiMo6钢显微组织、硬度和韧性的影响。结果表明:淬火温度低于800℃时,随着淬火温度升高,34CrNiMo6钢的硬度逐渐升高;当淬火温度高于800℃时,随着淬火温度升高,硬度略微降低。冲击功随淬火温度升高持续降低。随着回火温度升高,34CrNiMo6钢的硬度降低,冲击功升高。经70℃淬火+620℃回火后,34CrNiMo6钢的组织为回火索氏体+铁素体,硬度和冲击功分别为35.2 HRC和111.0 J,钢的强韧性配合较佳。     

国产75Cr1锯片钢热处理工艺研究

对国产75Cr1锯片钢进行800、840、860℃油淬再进行420、440、460℃回火处理试验。利用光学显微镜观察不同淬火温度下脱碳层形貌及淬火回火后的组织,分别用万能材料试验机、洛氏硬度仪测试材料的拉伸性能和硬度。结果表明,随淬火温度的增加脱碳层深度增加;经不同温度淬火+460℃回火,组织主要为回火屈氏体及部分颗粒状回火索氏体,但800℃时,组织还出现了一定量的非回火马氏体组织,硬度较低,在840℃淬火硬度最高。试验钢经840℃淬火后,随回火温度的增加,组织依次由回火马氏体转变到回火马氏体+回火屈氏体,再到回火索氏体,强度和硬度逐渐降低,塑性相应提高。国产75Cr1钢最佳热处理工艺为840℃(保温10 min)油淬+440℃(保温60 min)回火。     

回火温度对3Cr3Mo2NiW钢力学性能和断口形貌的影响

研究了3Cr3Mo2NiW钢力学性能和断口形貌随回火温度的变化。结果显示,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的硬度降低,韧性增加,550 ℃回火时出现二次硬化现象;600 ℃以上回火,硬度明显降低,韧性大幅度增加;700 ℃回火态试样未冲断。淬火后,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的基体组织逐渐转变为回火马氏体、回火屈氏体和回火索氏体。300~600 ℃温度区间内回火试样的断裂方式为准解理断裂,高温回火试样的断裂方式为韧性断裂,不同温度回火后得到的显微组织和碳化物对试样的冲击韧性有较大影响。     

回火温度对工程机械用1000MPa级高强钢组织与性能的影响

研究了淬火态的工程机械用1000 MPa级高强钢在不同温度回火100 min后的组织和性能。结果表明,淬火态1000 MPa级高强钢于500~750℃回火,随回火温度升高,合金组织中淬火马氏体逐渐转变为回火马氏体、回火托氏体及回火索氏体,强度和硬度逐渐下降,伸长率和低温冲击功逐渐增加。回火温度为550~650℃时,合金获得最佳的力学性能匹配。回火温度超过700℃,合金发生再结晶,生成多边形铁素体,晶界碳化物球化长大,合金强度和硬度显著降低。     

热处理工艺对重型履带板用钢组织与性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针,并通过室温拉伸实验和冲击实验,分析了不同热处理工艺对重型履带板用NiCrMo中碳低合金钢的组织和性能的影响.结果表明,1000℃保温8h的均匀化退火能明显改善实验合金铸态组织中碳元素的枝晶偏析；随着碳含量的增加,合金抗拉强度成直线上升,韧性下降明显.当淬火温度高于910℃之后,晶粒尺寸长大明显,强度和硬度随之降低；淬火温度超过970℃后,个别晶粒出现异常长大现象；在450 ～ 550℃回火后得到回火索氏体组织,强度随着回火温度的上升而下降,0.32％碳含量的抗拉强度从1340 M Pa下降到1220 MPa;韧性随之增加,冲击韧性从40 J·cm-2上升到65 J·cm-2.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis