铷、铯钨青铜粉末及其透明隔热薄膜的研究

研究不同形貌的铷、铯钨青铜粉末及其薄膜的性能。通过水热反应制备棒状和片状的铷、铯钨青铜纳米粉末,并对粉末进行热处理,之后使用旋涂法在玻璃上制备钨青铜透明隔热薄膜。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对粉末进行表征,并研究其光热性能。使用紫外可见近红外光谱分析钨青铜薄膜近红外屏蔽性能,并测试其隔热性能。结果表明,热处理后的钨青铜粉末具有优异的光热性能,具有光热治疗癌症的应用前景。相比于棒状,片状的铷、铯钨青铜薄膜具有更高的近红外屏蔽率,分别为95%和98.8%。使用片状铷、铯钨青铜薄膜的玻璃室内温度相比使用空白玻璃分别下降了9.4℃和8.5℃。综上,片状铷、铯钨青铜具有优异的近红外屏蔽性能,在节能和光热治疗领域具有巨大的应用前景。     

钨酸铯粉体的水热合成与表征研究

本文采用水热法制备钨酸铯(Cs_xWO₃)粉体,研究了反应物铯钨摩尔比、柠檬酸用量对钨酸铯粉体晶相、微观形貌及粒径的影响,分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、广角静态动态同步激光散射仪(DLS)、扫描电镜(SEM)对制备的钨酸铯粉体进行表征。结果表明在200℃水热反应三天,适量增加反应物铯钨摩尔比和柠檬酸用量,可制得结晶性较好、粒径较小且分散较好的钨酸铯(Cs_xWO₃)粉体。     

溶胶-凝胶辅助水热法制备硼掺杂纳米VO2粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶辅助水热法制备了硼掺杂纳米二氧化钒(VO_2)粉体,探究了双氧水(H_2O_2)浓度、水热时间、退火温度、不同硼掺杂剂、硼掺杂量等工艺参数对合成硼掺杂纳米VO_2(M)粉体的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)、电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对硼掺杂纳米VO_2粉体的结构、形貌和相变特性进行了表征。结果表明:H2O_2浓度为15%,水热时间为72 h,退火温度为600℃,硼掺杂剂为硼酸、硼掺杂量≤10 at%为较优合成工艺条件;所制备出的硼掺杂纳米VO_2粉体尺寸约为100nm,形貌呈珊瑚状;硼原子成功替代了VO_2(M)晶格中的钒原子,当实际掺杂量为0.6 at%时,相变温度降低7.2℃。     

添加剂对新型AgTiB2触头材料微结构和性能的影响

以乙二胺为溶剂采用微波溶剂热法合成铜铟镓硒(CIGS)粉体,研究了反应温度、表面活性剂对合成产物物相及形貌的影响.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及X射线能谱仪对产物的物相、形貌及组成进行表征.结果表明:在反应温度为230℃(反应时间为2 h)条件下可以获得物相单一,颗粒尺寸较小的CIGS粉体.在基准溶液中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)后对合成产物形貌有明显改善作用,粉体分散性较好,呈圆球状且粒径较小,为100～200 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法CeO2涂覆钨纤维工艺

以硝酸铈作为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法对预处理后的钨纤维进行CeO2涂覆改性,探讨Ce溶胶的制备工艺,研究溶胶特性、煅烧温度、升温速度以及涂覆层数对涂覆效果的影响。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析Ce溶胶的特征基团,X射线衍射(XRD)分析Ce凝胶煅烧后的物相组成,扫描电镜(SEM)分析CeO2涂层纤维的微观形貌,电子能谱仪(EDS)分析涂层纤维的物质组成。结果表明:溶胶制备中加入二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)可提高溶胶稳定性,有利于钨纤维的涂覆改性;在真空气氛中,采用1℃/min的升温速度并在600℃煅烧2 h的一次涂覆工艺,制备了均匀、致密、完整的CeO2涂层。     

(Pb_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))TiO_3粉体与薄膜的合成、结构与电性能研究(英文)

使用溶胶凝胶法合成(Pb0.50Sr0.50)TiO3(缩写为PST)粉体和薄膜。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫面电镜(SEM)观察PST粉体的相形成和形貌特征。结果表明,800℃退火处理的凝胶样品还有中间相碳酸盐存在;850℃退火的干凝胶样品,晶化完成后为多晶钙钛矿结构,而650℃经快速热处理的薄膜样品为多晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸为60nm。PST薄膜在100kHz频率测量情况下,介电常数与损耗分别为561.5和0.022。     

Li_2ZnTi_3O_8纳米粉体的溶胶凝胶法制备与介电性能研究（英文）

采用表面活性剂辅助溶胶-凝胶法合成了Li_2ZnTi_3O_8纳米粉体,并以该粉体为原料制备了Li_2ZnTi_3O_8陶瓷。利用X射线衍射和透射电镜分析了粉体的相组成、颗粒形貌和尺寸分布。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜表征了陶瓷的相组成和微观结构。同时研究了纳米效应对于陶瓷烧结性能和介电性能的影响。结果表明:溶胶-凝胶法可获得尺寸为40~70nm、尺寸分布窄、分散性好的单相Li2ZnTi3O8纳米粉体。溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米粉体具有更低的烧结温度,在950℃的低温下就可以烧结得到致密的陶瓷,且该陶瓷具有较好的介电性能:er=25.12,Q×f=47,069GHz。利用溶胶-凝胶法制备的Li2ZnTi3O8可应用于低温共烧技术。     

热处理工艺对溶胶-凝胶法制备YBa2Cu3O7(-)δ粉体性能影响

以钇,钡,铜的醋酸盐为起始原料,乙醇为溶剂,二乙烯三胺、丙酸为络合剂,制备了稳定的YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)溶胶.溶胶经70℃蒸发溶剂后,形成凝胶,经500℃热分解,850℃高温烧结,随后在500℃氧气条件下退火后,获得了临界转变温度为92K的YBCO超导粉体.利用差热仪分析了凝胶热分解过程,通过X射线衍射仪对粉体进行了物相分析,利用扫描电镜观察粉末的粉体形貌.实验表明,热分解速度影响最终YBCO粉体形貌快速热分解有利于获得细小、均匀的YBCO超导粉体.     

凝胶-溶胶协同碳热还原法合成二硼化锆粉体及生长机制探究

以正丙醇锆(C12H28O4Zr)为锆源,硼酸(H3BO3)为硼源,山梨醇(GH14O6)为碳源,乙酸(C2H4O2)为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶协同碳热还原法制备了高纯超细硼化锆(ZrB2)粉体.分别研究了碳含量和硼含量对产物的物相和形貌的影响.通过X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及自带的X射线能谱仪对硼化锆...     

聚丙烯酸络合法制备掺铝锰酸锂纳米粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶法并结合热处理工艺制备掺铝锰酸锂粉体,利用热重-差热分析、X射线衍射、透射电镜等方法对前驱体的热分解行为、粉体的结构及形貌进行表征.结果表明:直接以聚丙烯酸(PAA)为螫合剂合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,经750℃热处理后获得了粒径分布均匀、无团聚的尖晶石LiAlgMn2-xO4纳米粉体.随热处理温度升高,LiAl2Mn2-xO4纳米粉体的品粒尺寸不断增大,尖晶石型结构愈趋完整.掺杂少量铝并没有改变锰酸锂的尖晶石结构,但明显增强了结构稳定性,有助于改善电化学性能.     

N, Fe and WO3 modified TiO2 for degradation of formaldehyde

Butyltitanate, ethanol and glacial acetic acid were chosen as titanium source, solvent and chelating agent, respectively, via a sol-gel method combined impregnation method to prepare N, Fe co-doped and WO₃ compounded photocatalyst TiO₂ powder. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra (UV-DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde was employed to investigate the catalytic activity. The results show that the degradation rate is 77.61% in 180 min under UV light irradiation when the concentration of N is fixed on, and the optimum proportioning ratio of n(Fe):n(W):n(Ti) is 0.5:2:100.     

Sol-gel derived Li-Mg co-doped ZnO films: Preparation and characterization via XRD, XPS, FESEM

Li-Mg co-doped ZnO films have been deposited onto glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. The structural and morphological properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The XRD spectra indicated that the films have polycrystalline nature. The crystallite size values decreased with the increasing Mg content. The chemical composition of the Li-Mg co-doped ZnO films were confirmed by XPS. Additionally, XPS results clearly showed the existence of Mg as a doping element into ZnO crystal lattice. The surface morphology of the films was found to depend on the concentration of Mg in the ZnO:Li. The absorption band edge values of the films were calculated and these values of the films increased with increasing Mg concentration. The refractive index dispersion curves of the films obeyed the single-oscillator model. The dispersion parameters such as E_o (single-oscillator energy) and E_d (dispersive energy) of the films were determined and increase with Mg content.     

Soft-chemical synthesis and high-temperature electrochemical characteristics of VO2

1 Introduction In 1986, LVO (lithiated vanadium oxide) was first presented by FAUL et al[1?3] as positive electrode materials for thermal battery, which is a mixture of γ-LiV2O5 and VO2, but the morphology and crystallography of VO2 in the mixture were …     

A simple thermal decomposition-nitridation route to nanocrystalline boron nitride (BN) from a single N and B source precursor

Nanocrystalline boron nitride (BN) was synthesized via a simple thermal decomposition-nitridation route by the reaction of hydrated ammonium tetraborate (NH₄HB₄O₇·3H₂O) and metallic magnesium powders in an autoclave at 650 °C. The crystal phase, morphology, grain size, and chemical composition of the as-prepared products were characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The products were also studied by FT-IR and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results revealed that the as-synthesized nanocrystalline were h-BN, and they had diameters within 100 nm. They had good thermal stability and oxidation resistance in high temperature.     

Thermal properties of chemically synthesized polyaniline (EB) powder

Thermal characteristics of chemically synthesized polyaniline (EB) powder have been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated DSC (MDSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), FTIR spectra, solid MS spectrum, and solubility tests. The exothermic peak measured both in conventional DSC and MDSC was a non-reversing chemical cross-linking reaction and was further confirmed by wide angle X-ray, FTIR, and solubility tests. Two glass transitions (T_g), ∼70°C and ∼250°C, in polyaniline (EB) powder, were observed for the first time using MDSC during the process of heat treatment. These results clearly demonstrate that the morphology of polyaniline (EB) powder is changed by thermal treatment in the range of 185–350°C.     

Investigations of the nickel promotional effect on the reduction and sintering of tungsten compounds

In this article, Ni-coated W powders were firstly prepared by a liquid-solid doping method combined with air calcination and hydrogen reduction. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction analysis were carried out to investigate the nickel doping process in WO₃ and its influence on the reduction behaviors of tungsten oxides. It reveals that after calcinations most Ni ions would occupy the lattice sites of host W ions and decrease the interplanar spacing of WO₃. The latter is due to the promotion of oxygen vacancy generation within WO₃ rather than the changes in ionic radius. After hydrogen reduction, the doped Ni atoms precipitate onto the surface of W particles as thin metallic coatings, whereby the size and morphology of reduced W particles are varied greatly with increasing Ni addition. The presence of Ni has also been found to lower the reduction barriers for WO₃ by using first-principles calculation. Finally, W-Ni compacts were sintered at 1500 °C in hydrogen atmosphere and the accelerated densification phenomenon of W alloy upon Ni doping is discussed.     

A novel approach to synthesis of scandia-doped tungsten nano-particles for high-current-density cathode applications

A novel synthesis approach for scandia-doped tungsten nano-powder using a sol–gel method is developed. It involves dissolving tungsten oxide at 300 °C in the presence of a mixture of nitric acid, citric acid and ammonia. The dissolved tungsten oxide reacts with an aqueous solution of scandium nitrate in the liquid–liquid phase, which results in the homogeneous mixing of tungsten and scandium particles. A spherical shape particle was obtained due to the dissolving of tungsten oxide in the solution. Citric acid enhances the mixing of ions at the atomic scale, which affects the hydrolysis reactions and leads to the formation of the phase pure nano-particle. The synthesized nano-powder was characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analyses. The spherical morphology was observed via a SEM analysis and a narrow particle size distribution was noted by means of a TEM analysis. The XRD analysis of the powder showed the complete formation of the phase pure nano-particle with an average diameter of 50 nm without any contamination by other materials.     

Effect of vanadium on synthesis of WC nanopowders by thermal processing of V-doped tungsten precursor

The effect of vanadium on the synthesis of WC nanopowders by carbon thermal processing of V-doped tungsten precursor has been discussed. The V-doped tungsten precursor was prepared by a wet chemical method with ammonium tungstate and ammonium vanadate as its starting materials. The precursor was carbonized in the vacuum furnace using phenol formaldehyde resin as a carbon agent. The results of XRD revealed that the tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide obtained from the precursor preparation formed V–O–W bronze with the structure of WO₃ · 0.33H₂O. The carbonization reactions of WO₃ with 1 wt% of vanadium took place in a temperature range from 900 to 1050 °C to obtain V-doped WC nanopowder. The results of particle size measurement and morphological analysis show that the vanadium effectively inhibits the particle growth of tungsten carbide powder during carbonization processes, resulting in the particle size to be within the range from 64 to 184 nm after heat treatment in the temperature range from 900 to 1200 °C. V₂O₃ particles decomposed from V–O–W bronze can act as a nucleation aid for tungsten during reduction, and those on the surface of tungsten powder can hinter the growth of tungsten carbide crystal by the pinning effect.     

Co掺杂对粗颗粒、特粗颗粒WC粉末粒度与微观形貌的影响

以粗颗粒与特粗颗粒W粉为原料,研究了Co掺杂对粗颗粒与特粗颗粒WC粉末粒度与微观形貌的影响。结果表明,Co掺杂有利于WC粉末Fsss的提高与游离碳的降低,有利于得到单晶WC粉末。当Co掺杂量为w(Co)=0.035%时,WC粉末颗粒与晶粒形貌发生巨大变化,WC晶粒的结晶完整性明显改善,呈现明显的生长台阶与生长平面,但特粗颗粒WC粉末颗粒形貌的规则度较粗颗粒WC粉末的低。当碳化温度由1900℃提高到2000℃后,Co掺杂特粗WC颗粒表面出现大量WC纳米颗粒依附物。