微束等离子弧熔化沉积TiAl/Ti2AlNb梯度材料的组织与相变

采用微束弧热态焊技术熔化沉积Ti₂AlNb合金丝材,在TiAl基合金环状试样上制备出Ti₂AlNb基合金梯度材料。利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)方法及显微硬度测试,对沉积态TiAl/Ti₂AlNb梯度材料的显微组织、相组成和显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明：微束弧热态焊技术熔化沉积的Ti₂AlNb基合金组织由β相、O相和α₂相组成,并且随着距离母材距离的增加,梯度材料呈现出γ+α₂/γ→β(固溶体)+O→β₂+O+α₂(魏氏组织)→β(固溶体)+O的相变趋势。梯度材料的硬度呈现出波浪式的分布。另外结合各元素对组织稳定性的影响,以及微束等离子技术所具有的特殊热循环和热积累效应,对梯度材料在微束等离子沉积过程中的相变规律进行了解释。     

The graded material of 316L stainless steel－Ni-based alloy－Ti6Al4V formed by laser rapid forming process

用激光快速成形法制备了致密、无裂纹的316L 不锈钢(SS)/镍基合金/Ti6Al4V梯度薄壁件. EDS与XRD分析显示, 在316L SS/镍基合金梯度过渡区内为单相$\gamma$奥氏体, 硬度沿316LSS到镍基合金方向逐步增加; 在镍基合金/Ti6Al4V梯度过渡区内,组织变化顺序为: γ→γ+β+TiNi3+Ti2Ni→TiNi3+Ti2Ni+→βTi2Ni+β→α+β+Ti2}Ni→α+β; 过渡区内, Ti6Al4V含量 为20%(质量分数)时, 硬度达到最大值HV10 830, 随后,随Ti6Al4V含量增加, 硬度逐 渐减小.     

激光快速成形316L不锈钢／镍基合金／Ti6A14V梯度材料

用激光快速成形法制备了致密、无裂纹的316L不锈钢（SS）／镍基合金／Ti6A14V梯度薄壁件．EDS与XRD分析显示,在316LSS／镍基合金梯度过渡区内为单相γ奥氏体,硬度沿316LSS到镍基合金方向逐步增加;在镍基合金／Ti6A14V梯度过渡区内,组织变化顺序为：γ→γ＋β＋TiNi3＋Ti2Ni→TiNi3＋Ti2Ni＋β→α＋β＋Ti2Ni→α＋β;过渡区内,Ti6A14V含量为20％（质量分数）时,硬度达到最大值HV10 830,随后,随Ti6A14V含量增加,硬度逐渐减小．     

脉冲宽度对超薄TiNi/不锈钢激光焊接头TiNi侧界面的影响

添加Ni做为填充材料是抑制TiNi/不锈钢异种材料激光焊接头裂纹从而实现其良好连接的方法之一,但填充金属Ni与母材TiNi合金的成分差异会形成界面区,焊接热输入对界面区的组织形貌有很大的影响,进而会影响整个接头的力学行为。本文在厚度为0.2mm的TiNi合金/321不锈钢异种材料激光微焊接时,预置Ni做为填充材料,获得了TiNi合金/Ni/321不锈钢激光焊接头,研究了激光脉冲宽度对焊接接头TiNi侧界面的影响。结果表明,不同脉冲宽度下,TiNi合金侧界面区均由宽度不等的TiNi共晶层和TiNi₃金属间化合物层组成;随着脉冲宽度的增加,TiNi共晶层平均宽度逐渐减小,TiNi₃金属间化合物层平均宽度逐渐增加;界面区显微硬度随脉冲宽度的增加逐渐升高。TiNi母材熔化量和Marangoni流动的改变是影响接头该侧界面区宽度及显微硬度的主要原因。     

激光立体成形Ti60-Ti2AlNb梯度材料的组织与相演变

采用激光立体成形技术制备了沿沉积方向成分渐变的立墙式Ti60-Ti2AlNb梯度材料,研究了沉积态Ti60-Ti2AlNb梯度材料的相与显微组织的演变规律.随Al和Nb含量的增加,梯度材料中呈现α+β→α+α'→α'→α+β→α+β/B2+α2→β/B2+α2→β/B2+α2+O→B2+O→B2的相演变趋势,α相在Ti60到Ti60-60%Ti2AlNb(质量分数)的成分范围内一直存在.梯度材料的硬度同样随着Al和Nb含量的增加而增加,并随着B2+O相的形成达到极大值,不过随着在Ti2AlNb端部全B2相的获得,硬度急剧降低.基于钛合金富Ti区非平衡相图,结合Al和Nb元素对α,α2,β/B2和O相稳定性的影响分析,及考虑激光立体成形所具有的反复回火/退火和热积累效应,对梯度材料在激光立体成形过程中呈现的相演化规律进行了解释.     

V含量对等原子比NiTi形状记忆合金微观组织、相变行为和显微硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪和显微硬度计等测试手段,研究了V含量对等原子比NiTi形状记忆合金微观组织、相变行为和显微硬度的影响规律。结果表明：当V含量为0.5at%时,具有等轴晶组织的NiTiV形状记忆合金包含B19'' 和 Ti₂Ni相;当V 含量大于0.5at%时,NiTiV形状记忆合金形成B19''相、Ti₂Ni相和V的富集相,并且随着V含量增加,V的富集相越来越多聚集于晶界。进一步分析表明,Ni_49.75Ti_49.75V_0.5和Ni_49.25Ti_49.25V_1.5 形状记忆合金发生了B2?B19''的一级相变,而Ni_48.75Ti_48.75V_2.5和Ni_48.25Ti_48.25V_3.5形状记忆合金发生了B2?R?B19''的二级相变,尽管降温过程中同时发生了部分的R相变与B19''马氏体相变。随着V含量增加,相变温度随着V含量增加逐渐降低,其主要原因是Ni/Ti比例的增加。此外,随着V含量增加,合金的显微硬度值呈现先降低然后几乎保持不变的变化规律。     

连续冷却条件下Ti-1300合金的组织演变与连续转变图

通过OM、SEM、TEM和EBSD研究了Ti-1300合金在连续冷却条件下组织演变规律和亚稳β相的分解形式,并采用高精度膨胀法建立了合金的连续冷却转变动力曲线。结果表明：当连续冷却速度比较缓慢时,Ti-1300合金发生β → α + β转变,并获得集束状的显微组织;而当冷却速度0.3 °C/s ＜v＜ 1.5 °C/s时,Ti-1300合金发生β → α + β + β_m,并获得细针状的α + β组织和残余的β_m相;当冷却速度大于3 °C/s时,Ti-1300合金基本获得全部β相,所以把3 °C/s认为是合金的临界冷却转变速度。在缓慢冷却过程中,Mo当量梯度是合金中α相生长主要动力。随着冷却速度的增加,Ti-1300合金的显微硬度先增加后降低,在冷却速度为0.3 °C/s时,显微硬度达到最大值。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHASE EVOLUTION IN Ti60--Ti2AlNb GRADIENT MATERIAL PREPARED BY LASER SOLID FORMING

采用激光立体成形技术制备了沿沉积方向成分渐变的立墙式Ti60--Ti₂AlNb梯度材料, 研究了沉积态Ti60--Ti₂AlNb梯度材料的相 与显微组织的演变规律. 随Al和Nb含量的增加, 梯度材料中呈现α+β→α+α' →α' →α+β→α+β/B2+α₂ →β/B2+α₂→β/B2+α₂+O →B2+O → B2的相演变趋势, α相在Ti60到Ti60--60%Ti₂AlNb (质量分数) 的成分范围内一直存在. 梯度材料的硬度同样随着Al和Nb含量的增加而增加, 并随着B2+O相的形成达到极大值, 不过随着在Ti₂AlNb端部全B2相的获得, 硬度急剧降低. 基于钛合金富Ti区非平衡相图, 结合Al和Nb元素对α, α₂,β/B2和O相稳定性的影响分析, 及考虑激光立体成形所具有的反复回火/退火和热积累效应, 对梯度材料在激光立体成形过程中呈现的相演化规律进行了解释.     

氧化物/不锈钢梯度复合材料初步设计与评价

采用粉末层叠和整体热压烧结的方法,制备了Y₂Ti₂O₇/316L不锈钢功能梯度复合材料。经金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针分析确定,该材料在金属和氧化物界面处实现了成分和微观组织的梯度过渡。对不同梯度含量复合材料的力学性能测试表明,界面处的力学性能存在相应的梯度变化,即随各层金属相含量的逐渐增加,过渡区材料的致密度、抗弯强度不断提升,而硬度则不断下降。     

Ti-Cu-Ni-Nb-Al-Zr-Hf非晶钎料合金真空钎焊Ti50Al50 接头的界面组织与剪切强度

在钎焊温度1140~1220 ℃、钎焊时间30 min的工艺参数下,采用Ti-9.5Cu-8Ni-8Nb-7Al-2.5Zr-1.8Hf（质量分数,%）非晶钎料成功实现了Ti₅₀Al₅₀ (at%)合金的真空钎焊连接,并研究了钎焊温度对钎焊接头的显微组织、剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明,在任何钎焊温度下获得的Ti₅₀Al₅₀钎焊接头均有3个界面反应层且每个反应层都含有α₂-Ti₃Al和Ti₂Cu(Ni) 2个物相。随着钎焊温度的增加,α₂-Ti₃Al和Ti₂Cu(Ni)在钎焊接头中的尺寸与分布发生了明显的变化,尤其是等温凝固层Ⅱ中的Ti₂Cu(Ni)相。1200 ℃下稳定存在的连续α₂-Ti₃Al层Ⅰ对母材和钎料原子的相互扩散具有阻隔壁垒作用,温度一旦超过1200 ℃,α₂-Ti₃Al相变得不稳定使得连续α₂-Ti₃Al层被打破从而失去阻隔壁垒效应。在钎缝中析出且弥散分布的α₂-Ti₃Al对焊缝中物相的形成可以起到抑制形核和细化晶粒的作用。随着钎焊温度升高,Ti₅₀Al₅₀钎焊接头平均抗剪切强度先增加后减小,在钎焊温度1180 ℃、钎焊时间30 min时钎焊接头的抗剪切强度最大,达184 MPa。剪切断口表面呈典型解理断裂特征且α₂-Ti₃Al占绝大多数。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.