Ti3AlC2掺杂SPS法制备Ti2AlC/TiAl复合材料的研究

通过2TiC-Ti-1.2Al体系的原位热压反应制备了Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷,然后以59.2Ti-30.8Al-10Ti₃AlC₂(wt%)为反应体系,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备出Ti₂AlC/TiAl基复合材料。借助XRD、SEM分析了产物的相组成和微观结构,并测量了其室温力学性能。结果表明：原位热压烧结产物由Ti₃AlC₂和TiC相组成,Ti₃AlC₂呈典型的层状结构,TiC颗粒分布在其间。SPS法制备的Ti₂AlC/TiAl基复合材料主要由TiAl、Ti₃Al和Ti₂AlC相组成,Ti₂AlC增强相主要分布于基体晶界处,表现为晶界/晶内强化作用。力学性能测试表明：Ti₂AlC/TiAl基复合材料的密度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为3.85 g/cm₃、5.37 GPa、7.17 MPa?m_1/2和494.85 MPa。     

原位颗粒对近液相线铸造6063铝合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理

以CuO-Al作为反应体系,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成Al₂O₃颗粒,采用近液线相铸造的方法制备6063Al-XAl₂O₃(X=0,2,4,6)复合材料。研究原位反应颗粒Al₂O₃与6063铝合金自带的原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si的形状、尺寸、数量、分布、界面特征等对合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理。结果表明,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成尺寸在亚微米级的近球形θ-Al₂O₃颗粒;其(311)晶面与6063铝合金基体(111)晶面成共格界面;6063铝合金中Mg₂Si尺寸大约为100nm,呈条带状,其(02-2)与Al基体(111)晶面属于共格界面。随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,6063铝基复合材料的晶粒组织形貌由蔷薇状逐渐向等轴晶转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Al₂O₃的质量分数为6%时,复合材料组织由等轴晶和细小的柱状晶组成。载荷为50N时,6063铝合金的磨损量为6.72mg,6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料的磨损量为1.63mg,相对于6063铝合金降低75.7%。原位颗粒(Al₂O₃+Mg₂Si)与铝基体都成共格界面,界面之间无污染,界面结合强度高,在磨损过程中,不易从基体中脱落,承当磨损过程中的大部分载荷。原位生成高硬度的Al₂O₃颗粒与原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si协同作用共同提高复合材料的耐磨性。外加载荷为40N时,随着增强相质量分数的增加,复合材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。6063铝合金磨损机制以严重的粘着磨损为主。6063-2Al₂O₃复合材料磨损机制主要以粘着磨损为主,6063-4 Al₂O₃和6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料主要表现为磨粒磨损。     

La2O3含量对搅拌摩擦加工制备Ni /Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法在Al基体中添加不同La₂O₃含量的混合粉末(Ni+La₂O₃),制备 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、 EPMA及XRD对复合区微观结构及相组成进行分析,采用室温拉伸试验对 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着La₂O₃含量的增加,(Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料的组织和性能先变好后变差。当La₂O₃添加量达到5%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒分布均匀、颗粒数量最多,块状的Ni粉团聚减少,其抗拉强度达到最大值215MPa,相比Ni/Al复合材料(抗拉强度176MPa),其抗拉强度提高了22%;当La₂O₃的添加量为7%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒含量减少,块状Ni粉团聚重新出现,抗拉强度下降至201MPa。     

压力烧结制备二氧化钛包覆的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料

使用压力烧结方法制备了石墨烯纳米片（GNP）增强的7075铝基纳米复合材料,提出了一种通过在GNP的表面涂覆二氧化钛（TiO₂）来优化界面结合的新工艺,并比对了原石墨烯及具有包覆层石墨烯对铝基纳米复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,与添加纯GNP相比,添加具有TiO₂涂层的GNP的纳米复合材料的力学性能提高。相比于基体,TiO₂包覆GNP增强的纳米复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度分别增加了38.9%、34.4%和20.1%。性能的进一步改善是由于TiO₂涂层优化了增强相与基体之间的界面结合,从而提高了载荷传递的有效性。     

SnO2 增强相对AgCuOIn2O3 电触头材料显微组织与性能的影响

采用反应合成法结合塑性变形工艺制备了不同SnO₂含量的AgCuOIn₂O₃SnO₂电触头材料,利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜表征了材料的微观形貌及显微组织,分析对比了不同SnO₂含量的材料金相组织及其增强相的分布均匀性,并利用X射线衍射分析了材料的物相结构。测量了材料的抗拉伸强度、硬度、电阻等性能。结果表明：添加适量的SnO₂能使组织中的孔隙尺寸缩小、其他缺陷明显减少。氧化物弥散分布在银基体中,极大地改善了AgCuOIn₂O₃电触头材料的显微组织均匀性。在SnO₂含量不变时,材料的电阻率随塑性变形程度增加而有所降低;随着SnO₂含量增多,电阻率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,最后趋于定值,约为2.4 μΩ·cm。添加SnO₂后各试样材料的硬度均显著升高,SnO₂含量为1%（质量分数）的材料具有最优的抗拉伸强度和延伸率。     

高阻尼高强度铸态SiCp/Mg94Zn5Y1 复合材料的综合性能

采用铸造方法制备具有不同SiC_p含量（0.5%~2.0%，质量分数，下同）的SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料，并研究了复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪测试复合材料的微观组织结构和物相组成。在基体中加入SiC_p之后，SiC_p均匀分布在基体中，增强体细化了复合材料的微观组织结构。SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料包括α-Mg、I相（准晶相）和SiC_p相。分别使用动态热机械分析仪和AG-X试验机测试了SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料的阻尼性能和力学性能。复合材料的力学性能优于Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁合金，1.0%SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料的抗压缩强度高达350 MPa；所有复合材料的阻尼性能都远高于基体合金的阻尼性能，其中0.5%SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料具有最佳的阻尼性能。此外，根据功效系数法，SiC_p含量为1.0%的SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料具有良好的综合性能。     

Al2O3/Ti2AlN复合材料在900℃,1000℃和1100℃空气中的氧化行为

利用综合热分析仪、背散射扫描电镜(BSE)和能谱分析(EDS)对Al₂O₃/Ti₂AlN复合材料在900 ℃,1 000 ℃和1 100 ℃/20 h空气中连续氧化20h后的氧化增重及氧化层截面进行了研究。结果表明：Al₂O₃/Ti₂AlN复合材料在空气中的氧化行为符合抛物线规律,在900 ℃,1 000 ℃和1 100 ℃/20 h氧化增重分别为2.78×10_-2 kg/m₂、10.4 ×10_-2 kg/m₂、21.9 ×10_-2 kg/m₂,抛物线速率常数相应为1.08×10_-8 kg₂/m₄s、1.44×10_-7 kg₂/m₄s、6.56×10_-7 kg₂/m₄s,氧化激活能为274 kJ/mol。氧化层主要由TiO₂和Al₂O₃组成的,连续的Al₂O₃次外层可以提高其抗氧化性能。氧化层结构的改变是由于氧化温度对Ti₄₊、Al₃₊由基体表面向外扩散和O_2-向内扩散的影响,以及TiO₂和Al₂O₃在不同温度下的形核生长速率导致的。对Al₂O₃/Ti₂AlN而言,控制材料与氧化气氛的界面是提高该材料抗氧化性能的关键。     

原位合成高含量TiB2/SiC复合材料的显微组织与性能

以SiC、TiO₂和B₄C为主要原料,采用原位合成法一步烧结制备高含量TiB₂/SiC复合材料,利用维氏硬度计、电子万能试验机、伏安电阻计、金相显微镜和电子扫描电镜,研究TiB₂含量对TiB₂/SiC复合材料力学性能、体积电阻率与显微组织的影响。结果表明：随着TiB₂含量的增加,复合材料的开口气孔率先降低后增加、抗折强度和断裂韧性均先增大后减小、维氏硬度逐渐增加、电阻率先快速下降后趋于稳定、TiB₂颗粒的平均粒径逐渐增大。1950 ℃烧结后,TiB₂含量为40 wt% 的复合材料性能最佳,其开口气孔率、抗折强度、断裂韧性和体积电阻率分别为0.56％、412 MPa、5.77 MPa?m_1/2和2.6×10_-1(Ω?cm)。     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

网孔结构La2Sn2O7粉体的制备及其在Ag-电接触材料的制备及性能研究

以五水四氯化锡和硝酸镧为原料,采用化学共沉淀法在烧结温度920℃条件下合成了锡酸镧粉体。通过高能球磨法+成型烧结工艺制得Ag-La₂Sn₂O₇电接触复合材料。重点考察了胶凝剂浓度、烧结工艺对La₂Sn₂O₇粉体形貌及物相的影响,并对Ag- La₂Sn₂O₇电接触材料的物理性能进行了分析。研究结果表明：以碳酸氢铵为胶凝剂,于烧结温度920℃,2h条件下获得具有网孔结构的La₂Sn₂O₇粉体;于成型压力1200MPa,烧结温度900℃,6h条件下制得的Ag-La₂Sn₂O₇电接触材料表现出较佳的电阻率和硬度值。经过热挤压工艺,Ag-La₂Sn₂O₇电接触材料发生了大塑性变形,颗粒在热挤压过程中发生流动变形,形成类纤维状结构的排列分布状态,表现出更低的电阻率。     

Synthesis and characteristics of W–Ti alloy dispersed with Y2Ti2O7 oxides

Tungsten based ODS alloys are the focus of attention in developing plasma-facing materials for future fusion devices. The stable Y₂Ti₂O₇ dispersed oxide phase has recently attracted considerable interest due to good lattice coherence with the matrix and refinement of the oxide particles. In this present work, the Y₂Ti₂O₇ oxide phase has been successfully synthesized. New W–Ti model alloys with different amounts of the dispersed oxide particles fabricated by mechanical alloying were investigated. The effect of Y₂Ti₂O₇ on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the model alloys has been examined. The results show that an appropriate amount of Y₂Ti₂O₇ in the tungsten matrix exhibits homogeneous microstructure with a uniform distribution of Ti-rich oxide particles, resulting in an increase in hardness and elastic modulus of the alloys. Oxidation of the materials and formation of complex Ti–Y–O oxides during ball milling and sintering are also discussed.     

Ti3AlC2-Al2O3-TiAl3 composite fabricated by reactive melt infiltration

Porous preforms were fabricated by cold-pressing process using powder mixture of TiC, TiO₂ and dextrin. After pyrolysis and sintering, Al melt was infiltrated into the porous preforms, leading to the formation of Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃-TiAl₃ composite. Effects of cold-pressing pressure of preforms on microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. Synthesis mechanism and toughening mechanism of composite were also analyzed. The results shows that TiO₂ is reduced into Ti₂O₃ by carbon, the decomposition product of dextrin, which causes the spontaneous infiltration of Al melt into TiC/Ti₂O₃ preform. Then, Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃-TiAl₃ composite is in-situ formed from the simultaneous reaction of Al melt with TiC and Ti₂O₃. With the increase of cold-pressing pressure from 10 MPa to 40 MPa, the pore size distribution of the preforms becomes increasingly uniform after pre-sintering, which results in the reduction of defects, and the decrease of property discrepancy of composites. Nano-laminated Ti₃AlC₂ grains and Al₂O₃ particles make the fracture toughness of TiAl₃ increase remarkably by various toughening mechanisms including stress-induced microcrack, crack deflection and crack bridging.     

γ-TiAl合金定向凝固过程中与氧化钇陶瓷材料的界面反应

研究液态金属冷却定向凝固条件下,Ti-47%Al合金与Y2O3/Al2O3双层结构陶瓷管内层Y2O3的相互作用。分析熔体温度和相互作用时间对界面反应、合金组织和成分的影响。结果表明：虽然Y2O3层受到一定程度的侵蚀和溶解,但Y2O3层有效地阻隔化学稳定性较差的Al2O3外层与TiAl合金熔体接触,避免Al2O3与TiAl之间的化学反应。合金熔体受到一定程度的污染且含有少量夹杂物。在一定保温时间内,合金中的杂质含量（Y和O）和夹杂物（Y2O3）体积分数均随着过热温度的提高而增加,但随着保温时间的进一步延长,杂质含量和夹杂物体积分数趋于恒定值,不再显著变化。     

Ag-Cu+WC复合钎料钎焊ZrO2陶瓷和TC4合金

采用新型Ag-Cu+WC复合钎料进行ZrO₂陶瓷和TC4合金钎焊连接,探究了接头界面组织及形成机制,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构和力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头界面典型结构为ZrO₂/TiO+Cu₃Ti₃O/TiCu+TiC+W+Ag_(s,s)+Cu_(s,s)/TiCu₂/TiCu/Ti₂Cu/TC4. 钎焊过程中,WC颗粒与Ti发生反应,原位生成TiC和W增强相,为Ti-Cu金属间化合物、Ag基和Cu基固溶体提供了形核质点,同时抑制了脆性Ti-Cu金属间化合物的生长,优化了接头的微观组织和力学性能. 随钎焊温度的升高,接头反应层的厚度逐渐增加,WC颗粒与Ti的反应程度增强. 当钎焊温度890 ℃、保温10 min时,复合钎料所得接头抗剪强度达到最高值82.1 MPa,对比Ag-Cu钎料所得接头抗剪强度提高了57.3%.     

Ti活度对Al2O3/AgCuTi/Fe-Ni-Co钎焊接头机械性能和微观组织结构的影响

采用AgCuTi钎料实现了Al₂O₃陶瓷与Fe-Co-Ni合金的钎焊连接,并调查了不同钛含量的钎料对Al₂O₃/AgCuTi/Fe-Ni-Co钎焊接头机械性能和微观组织结构的影响。扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线能量色散光谱仪(EDS), X射线衍射仪(XRD)及电子万能试验机用于分析钎焊接头的机械性能和微观组织结构,结果表明:钛含量的增加明显提高AgCuTi钎料与Al₂O₃陶瓷的相互作用,在Al₂O₃/Ag-Cu-Ti界面生成一层由Ti-Al 和 Ti-O化合物组成的反应层。Al₂O₃/AgCuTi/Fe-Ni-Co钎焊接头的抗拉强度随钛含量的增加而增加,当钛含量提高到8wt.%时,抗拉强度达到最大值78Mpa。通过微观组织结构分析发现,采用AgCu4Ti在890℃保温5min的条件下可以获得较好的钎焊接头,典型接头的微观组织结构为Al₂O₃/TiAl+Ti₃O₅/NiTi+Cu₃Ti+Ag(s,s)/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)+(Cu,Ni)/Fe-Ni-Co。采用AgCu8Ti获得的钎焊接头的界面反应层与AgCu4Ti差异不大,但反应层稍微增厚,并伴有TiO和Ti3Al在Al₂O₃/Ag-Cu-Ti界面生成。     

Strengthening and toughening forming of Al/Al2O3 composite in pseudo-semi-solid state

A new technology—thixo-die-forging of the composite in pseudo-semi-solid state was proposed based on the powder metallurgy technology combing with semi-solid metal process, and the cup shells with Al/Al₂O₃  composite was prepared successfully. The metallographic analysis and performance test show that the microstructure of parts is dense and mechanical properties are excellent with the volume fraction of Al is 37 %. The bend strength and fracture toughness of the composite are about 570-690 MPa and 8.5-16.8 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Comparing with reaction in situ and high temperature oxidation technologies the bending strength and fracture toughness are improved greatly. At the same time, it shows that the technology parameters have great influences on the properties. So it is feasible to prepare metal/ceramics composites by the proposed technology.     

Effect of MoSi2/rare earth composite particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of molybdenum

MoSi₂/La₂O₃ and MoSi₂/Y₂O₃ composite particles were prepared by mechanical milling and doped into molybdenum by solid-solid method, respectively. Rods with a diameter of 17 mm were made by pressing and sintering. The effects of different composite particles on microstructures and strength of the as-sintered molybdenum were investigated. Results show that the MoSi₂/La₂O₃ and MoSi₂/Y₂O₃ composite particles transformed to La₂O₃/Mo₅Si₃ and Y₂O₃/Mo₅Si₃ composite particles due to the in situ reaction between Mo and MoSi₂ during sintering process. Mo₅Si₃/La₂O₃ and Mo₅Si₃/Y₂O₃ composite particles can reduce the grain size and improve both strength and toughness of sintered molybdenum significantly. Mo₅Si₃/Y₂O₃ composite particles contribute more to the strength, while the effect of Mo₅Si₃/La₂O₃ on toughness is greater than that of Mo₅Si₃/Y₂O₃.     

Deposition of Al2O3-TiO2 Nanostructured Powders by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Al₂O₃-13%TiO₂ coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates from conventional and nanostructured powders using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). A complete characterization of the feedstock confirmed its nanostructured nature. Coating microstructures and phase compositions were characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD techniques. The microstructure comprised two clearly differentiated regions. One region, completely fused, consisted mainly of nanometer-sized grains of γ-Al₂O₃ with dissolved Ti⁺⁴. The other region, partly fused, retained the microstructure of the starting powder and was principally made up of submicrometer-sized grains of α-Al₂O₃, as confirmed by TEM. Coating microhardness as well as tribological behavior were determined. Vickers microhardness values of conventional coatings were in average slightly lower than the values for nanostructured coating. The wear resistance of conventional coatings was shown to be lower than that of nanostructured coatings as a consequence of Ti segregation. A correlation between the final properties, the coating microstructure, and the feedstock characteristics is given.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备纳米RE/Al2O3增强铝基复合材料

铝基复合材料因其优异的物理性能及机械性能已得到广泛应用.文中通过在2219-O铝合金内部添加不同比例的RE/Al₂O₃纳米粉末,利用搅拌摩擦加工技术,制备铝基复合材料.并对搅拌区进行金相、拉伸、硬度、SEM,EDS和XRD等试验.结果表明,搅拌区金属在搅拌头强烈的搅拌摩擦作用下发生显著的塑性变形和连续动态再结晶,形成细小的等轴晶粒,并具有明显的洋葱环组织.复合材料的抗拉强度为母材的163%、屈服强度为母材的195%,同时硬度也明显增加.但是不同稀土比例对金属基复合材料的组织形貌和力学性能影响不大.大块复合材料制备过程粉末添加及隧道型缺陷的控制是关键.     

Effect of applied current on the electrodeposited Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings

Nano-sized Al₂O₃ ceramic particles (50 nm) were co-deposited with nickel using electrodeposition technique to develop composite coatings. The coatings were produced in an aqueous nickel bath at different current densities and the research investigated the effect of applied current on microstructure and thickness of the coatings. The variation in some mechanical properties such as hardness, wear resistance, and the adhesive strength of the composite coatings is influenced by the applied current and this was also studied. The morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The hardness, wear resistance, and bond strength of the coatings were evaluated by Vickers micro-hardness test, pin-on-disc test, and tensile test, respectively. Results showed that the Al₂O₃ particles were uniformly distributed in the coatings, and the coatings deposited at a current density of 0.01 A/cm² was most favorable in achieving a maximum current efficiency which causes the co-deposition of a maximum amount of Al₂O₃ particles (4.3 wt.%) in the coatings. The increase in Al₂O₃ particles in the coatings increased the mechanical properties of the Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings by grain refining and dispersion strengthening mechanisms.