W-Cu梯度热沉材料的致密性和力学性能

对采用粒度配比和热压固相烧结方法制各的W-Cu梯度热沉材料的致密性和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:W-Cu梯度热沉材料各梯度层均达到近全致密的程度,封接层,中间层,散热层的相对密度分别为98.6%,99.1%和99.5%;漏气率的指标满足真空封装的使用要求;随着致密性的增加,封接层和中间层的硬度增加,在相同致密性的条件下,中间层的硬度略高于封接层的硬度:W-Cu梯度热沉材料的抗弯强度明显高于各梯度层的抗弯强度,达到505.8 MPa;封接层、中间层和散热层的抗压强度分别为547.1、619.1和416.0 MPa.     

MBE方法制备高致密W-Cu梯度功能材料的研究

采用多坯料挤压法结合粒度配比、热压固相烧结法制备了3层W-Cu梯度功能材料,并对微观组织及性能进行了分析.结果表明:多坯料挤压法制备的3层坯体,层与层之间结合紧密,各层形状规整、厚度均匀;热压固相烧结后可得到近全致密的W-Cu梯度材料,层与层之间的界面位置清晰,组织结构致密,成分分布保持为最初的梯度设计结果,各层中Cu相形成了理想的网络结构,W颗粒镶嵌在网状结构中;封接层、中间层、散热层的相对密度分别达到98.3%、99.3%和99.9%,硬度分别为91.3、93.6和74.0 HRB.在室温～100 ℃范围内,封接层的热膨胀系数为6.97×10-6/℃,可实现与BeO基板材料良好的热匹配.     

金刚石抛光用钨合金的热压烧结

为了获得适用于摩擦化学抛光单晶金刚石用的高性能W-Mo-Cr合金抛光材料,采用机械合金化法制备的微细W-Mo-Cr合金粉末为原料,研究热压烧结参数(烧结温度、压力和保温时间)对材料致密度和硬度的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的显微组织进行观察。结果表明:采用机械合金化和热压固相烧结相结合的方法可以制备出高致密度、高硬度的合金材料,合金材料组织致密,平行精度良好;在烧结温度为1400℃、压力为30 MPa、保温时间为30 min的工艺条件下,所制备的W-Mo-Cr合金材料相对密度为96.49%,硬度为777.78HV。     

粉末粒度对SPS固相烧结La0.6Eu0.4B6阴极材料的影响

采用高能球磨法制备出La0 6Eu0.4B6纳米粉体,将球磨后的纳米粉进行放电等离子(SPS)烧结,制备出了高致密的La0.6Eu0.4B6多晶块体材料.系统研究了烧结温度、烧结压力对样品致密度和力学性能的影响.结果表明,该方法与传统热压烧结方法相比有效降低了烧结温度,制备出的样品密度、维氏硬度和抗弯强度分别达到4.71 g/cm3、23.37 GPa和295.14MPa,这些值均高于传统热压烧结方法.热电子发射结果表明,当阴极温度为1873 K时,最大发射电流密度为33.74 A/cm2.实验过程中还发现,在相同烧结工艺下,球磨纳米粉与粗粉相比,维氏硬度、抗弯强度和热电子发射电流密度分别提高了28％、58％和32％.因此,在固相烧结过程中,粉末粒度的减小,更有助于烧结性能的提高.     

W-Cu梯度功能材料的热物理性能

对采用不同粒度配比和热压制备的W-Cu梯度功能材料的热物理性能进行研究.结果表明:梯度材料的整体热导率较高,达到226.4 W/(m·K),高于过渡层W/Cu33的热导率,低丁散热层W/Cu50的热导率;封接层具有低的线性热膨胀系数,аRT-100℃=6,82×10-6/℃,满足与BeO基板材料封接匹配的要求;低温热压条件下制备的W-Cu梯度功能材料各梯度层的热膨胀系数具有良好的可控性和可设计性能,其实测值与理论值十分接近,其误差值低于6%;耐热冲击温度达到800℃以上,热疲劳性能可达500℃水淬50次以上.     

机械合金化制备的纳米晶W—Cu电解头材料

采用真空高温7热压熔渗烧结工艺制备出密度为99．5％的纳米晶W-Cu电触头材料，其组织结构和晶粒大小采用SEM，TEM和XRD观察，同时就纳米晶W-Cu电触头材料的硬度，电导率，耐电压强度和抗电弧烧蚀性与传统粉末合金工艺制备的进行了对比分析，结果表明，纳米晶W-Cu电触头材料的硬度，抗电弧烧蚀性及耐电压稳定性远优于传统熔渗法的W-Cu合金，而电导率两者相差不大。     

真空-压力两步烧结制备的表层脱立方相梯度硬质合金的组织与性能

本文通过真空-压力两步烧结制备了脱立方相梯度硬质合金,并对材料的组织和性能做了研究。研究发现,相比于一步真空烧结制备的脱立方相梯度硬质合金,真空-压力两步烧结制备的梯度硬质合金脱立方相层更厚,合金内部的立方相晶粒尺寸更大。梯度硬质合金脱立方相层中的平均WC晶粒尺寸比内部的更大,这与脱立方相层中Co含量更高以及内部含Ti立方相的存在有关。梯度硬质合金中过渡层的微观硬度高于合金内部,而脱立方相层的硬度最低,微观硬度变化与Co、Ti等元素含量变化紧密相关。压力烧结对表面脱立方相层的致密化作用明显,使得脱立方相层的孔隙减少,梯度合金相对密度达到99.6%。脱立方相层厚度增加和孔隙缺陷减少促进了梯度硬质合金横向断裂强度的提高。     

粒度配比法制备近全致密W/Cu20复合材料

选用A、B两种不同粒度的W粉,调节A、B钨粉的比例,并与Cu粉直接混合,配制成W/Cu20(质量分数%,下同)混合粉末,经热压制备了近全致密的W-Cu复合材料。显微组织观察表明,随着小粒度W粉配比的增加,大W颗粒形成的孔隙逐渐减少,而小W颗粒形成的孔隙逐渐增加。当W粒度配比为80%A+20%B时,形成较为致密的堆积结构。在合适的工艺条件下(烧结温度1060℃、压力85MPa、保温3h),所制备的W/Cu20复合材料其相对密度达到98.6%,Cu相沿大W颗粒和小W颗粒的边界呈现网状分布。     

GNPs-Cu/Ti6Al4V复合材料热压烧结工艺优化及组织性能

以TC4钛合金粉为基体,石墨烯(GNPs)为增强相,采用真空热压法制备了质量分数为0.3％的GNPs-Cu/Ti6A14V复合材料.通过正交试验探讨了烧结温度、压力、保温时间对复合材料相对密度、显微硬度和抗压强度的影响.结果 表明:烧结温度是影响复合材料相对密度、显微硬度和抗压强度的关键因素,压力和保温时间对其影响较小.最优的烧结工艺为温度1150℃、压力35 MPa和保温时间40 min,此时复合材料的相对密度、显微硬度和抗压强度最佳,分别为99.34％,585.4 HV0.1和2382 MPa.GNPs-Cu/Ti6A14V复合材料中主要除α-Ti和β-Ti外,还存在TiC和Ti2Cu相,在其压缩断口有较完整GNPs存在.     

粉末粒度对SPS固相烧结La0.6Eu0.4B6阴极材料的影响

采用高能球磨法制备出La_0.6Eu_0.4B₆纳米粉体,将球磨后的纳米粉进行放电等离子（SPS）烧结,制备出了高致密的La_0.6Eu_0.4B₆多晶块体材料。系统研究了烧结温度、烧结压力对样品致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,该方法与传统热压烧结方法相比有效降低了烧结温度,制备出的样品密度、维氏硬度和抗弯强度分别达到4.71g/cm3、23.37GPa和295.14MPa,这些值均高于传统热压烧结方法。热电子发射结果表明,当阴极温度为1873K时,最大发射电流密度为33.74A/cm2。实验过程中还发现,在相同烧结工艺下,球磨纳米粉与粗粉相比,维氏硬度、抗弯强度和热电子发射电流密度分别提高了28%、58%和32%。因此,在固相烧结过程中,粉末粒度的减小,更有助于烧结性能的提高。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.