半固态高铬铸铁初生相的形貌及其定量分析

为改善高铬铸铁组织中初生枝晶奥氏体的形貌,采用倾斜冷却体法制备了奥氏体明显细化、圆整的半固态高铬铸铁坯料.在冷却体斜度及熔体在其表面流经长度不变的条件下,通过改变浇注温度获得三组不同半固态成型温度所对应的凝固组织,并借助Leica图像分析仪分别定量分析了初生奥氏体的形状系数和等效直径的变化特征.研究工作表明:采用本方法可明显改善奥氏体的形貌,浇注温度的变化对半固态组织有较大影响.     

过共晶高铬铸铁半固态浆料制备及组织

采用倾斜板冷却体法制备了过共晶高铬铸铁半固态浆料,观察研究了制备试样的组织.结果表明:采用倾斜板冷却体法对过共晶高铬铸铁进行半固态成形,通过控制合适的浇注温度,同时对过冷的金属液加以适当的振动,可以细化初生碳化物,且使初生碳化物分布更加均匀,获得理想的过共晶高铬铸铁半固态组织.     

不同部分重熔温度对半固态过共晶高铬白口铸铁初生相形貌的影响

为了考察部分重熔温度对初生碳化物形貌的影响,对过共晶高铬铸铁半固态坯料分别在3个不同温度(1 230℃、1 250℃、1 270℃)进行部分重熔,重熔时间为15 min,并借助Leica图像分析仪分别定量描述了初生碳化物形状因子及粒度因子的变化规律.研究表明,半固态组织中初生碳化物形状随着部分重熔温度的升高,呈先改善然后恶化,最后明显改善的趋势变化;碳化物尺寸随着部分重熔温度的升高而逐渐减小.初生碳化物演化过程是由溶质扩散和固、液相界面张力共同作用的结果,然而在较低的部分重熔温度下,固、液相界面张力的作用不明显.在1 270℃部分重熔温度下,重熔15 min时,可获得理想的部分重熔组织.     

蛇形通道浇注法制备半固态ZL101铝合金浆料

采用蛇形通道浇注法制备半固态ZL101铝合金浆料,研究了浇注温度、弯道数量、冷却方式对半固态浆料组织的影响。结果表明,浇注温度在640~680℃范围时可获得理想的半固态ZL101铝合金浆料,其组织随浇注温度的降低,由蔷薇状向近球状或球状组织演变。在相同浇注温度下,弯道数量增加,可以改善初生α-Al晶粒的形貌,降低晶粒尺寸。弯道内的合金熔体具有"自搅拌"作用,使初生晶核演变为球状或近球状晶粒。     

强制对流搅拌制备铝合金半固态浆料及其组织演变

采用自主研发的强制对流搅拌装置(FCR),研究筒体温度、浇注温度和搅拌速度对A356铝合金半固态组织的影响规律,探讨半固态浆料制备过程中的凝固行为。结果表明:适当降低浇注温度、筒体温度和提高搅拌速度均有利于半固态浆料组织的改善,能够制备晶粒细小、圆整、分布均匀的半固态组织;当浇注温度为620~630℃、筒体温度为570~580℃、筒体转速为200 r/min以上时,均能获得理想的半固态浆料,其初生固相颗粒平均直径在80μm以下,形状因子在0.75以上;强制对流搅拌装置极大地改变了传统凝固条件下熔体依靠传导单向传热和扩散缓慢传质的状态,使熔体的温度场和成分场趋于一致,破坏了枝晶生长的条件,有利于获得较好的半固态组织。     

过流冷却体法中高铬铸铁初生相的细化研究

采用过流冷却体法制备高铬铸铁半固态浆料,对初生相的细化过程进行研究.结果表明:过流冷却体改变了高铬铸铁熔体的温度场、成分场,且合金熔体间、熔体与过流冷却体间存在剪切应力,使初生相得到细化;树枝状奥氏体和长杆状M7C3,碳化物的细化受熔体的温度、温度梯度和粘度影响较大;在凹槽半径较小或温度较高的过流冷却体中熔体温度较高,温度梯度较小,牯度较小,使奥氏体的细化以枝晶臂熔断为主;M7C3碳化物因[0001]方向生长速度较小及剪切作用而细化;在凹槽半径较大或温度较低的过流冷却体中温度较小,温度梯度较大,粘度较大,剪切应力较大,使奥氏体的细化以枝晶臂弯曲折断为主,碳化物以折断、分裂而细化.     

半固态A356铝合金浆料的行波搅拌制备工艺

采用行波电磁搅拌和低过热度浇注复合制备工艺,成功制备出初生α-Al为球状的较大尺寸A356铝合金半固态浆料.研究了浇注温度、搅拌频率和搅拌功率对A356铝合金半固态浆料组织的影响.结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,半固态A356铝合金组织中的初生α-Al更圆整.当搅拌频率达到或高于10Hz时,半固态A356铝合金浆料中的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态A356铝合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Al受到更剧烈的附加温度起伏而使枝晶根部熔断,形成更多更圆整的球状初生相.因此,在630℃浇注、搅拌频率为10Hz和搅拌功率为1.72kW下,能制备出更圆整、细小的初生α-Al.     

冷却速度变化对12Cr铸铁碳化物的影响

采用砂型、金属型、水冷浇注制备含Cr量为12%的过共晶铸铁。研究冷却速度变化对Cr12铸铁凝固组织中碳化物形成特征及碳化物类型转变的影响,探讨了碳化物类型发生转变的原因。结果表明:冷却速度对碳化物尺寸和碳化物类型有很大影响。在砂型和金属型冷却试样中,凝固组织的组成和初生碳化物的形貌没有明显变化,凝固组织均由块状的M7C3型初生碳化物和菊花状的共晶团(M7C3+奥氏体)所组成。金属型冷却试样的碳化物尺寸和共晶团尺寸比砂型试样的细小。水冷条件下,凝固组织中的碳化物有明显的方向性,碳化物尺寸明显减小,凝固组织中出现了M3C+M7C3混合型碳化物,冷却速度的差异改变了碳化物的类型。     

A390合金近液相线法处理中初生硅形态的演变

采用A390合金为试验原料,通过改变、控制浇注温度、保温时间和冷却速度,研究了在近液相线区不同温度（620°～695°）、不同保温时间（10min-70min）下获得半固态合金坯料组织的演变规律及变化机理。结果表明：在635°～650°,保温40min～55min,能够得到细小、均匀、圆整的颗粒状初生硅组织。因此,仅通过控制近液相线法铸造的工艺参数便可改善A390合金半固态坯料中初生硅的尺寸和形貌,这是获得半固态坯料的一种简单、高效和低成本的方法。     

倾斜板角度对亚共晶高铬铸铁半固态组织的影响

采用倾斜板冷却体法对亚共晶高铬铸铁进行半固态成形,研究倾斜板角度对亚共晶高铬铸铁半固态组织的影响规律,并借助Imagetool图像分析软件分别定量分析了其初生奥氏体的形状系数和等效直径的变化特征.结果表明改变倾斜板角度可明显改善亚共晶高铬铸铁初生奥氏体的形貌,为球状晶的获得提供了条件.     

Preparation of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy semisolid slurry through a water-cooled serpentine pouring channel

The semisolid slurry of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was prepared through a self-designed water-cooled copper serpentine pouring channel(WSPC) machine. Influences of pouring temperature, the number of turns and the cooling water flow rate on the microstructure of the semisolid Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy slurry were investigated. The results show that the semisolid Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy slurry with satisfactory quality can be generated by the WSPC when the pouring temperature is in the range between 680 ℃ and 700 ℃. At a given pouring temperature, the average grain size of primary α-Al decreases and the shape factor increases with the increase of the number of turns. When the cooling water flow rate is 450 L·h~(-1), the obtained semisolid slurry is optimal. During the preparation of the semisolid Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy slurry with low superheat pouring, the alloy melt has mixed inhibition and convection flow characteristics by "self-stirring". When the alloy melt flows through the serpentine channel, the chilling effect of the inner wall of the channel, the convection and mixed inhibition of the alloy melt greatly promote the heterogeneous nucleation and grain segregation. This effect destroys the dendrite growth mode under traditional solidification conditions, and the primary nuclei gradually evolve into spherical or nearspherical grains.     

Semisolid structure for M2 high speed steel prepared by cooling slope

Effects of cooling slope angle and the temperature of molten metal on the globular structure of M2 high speed steel after holding at the semisolid state have been investigated. The globular structure was achieved by pouring the molten metal at 1595 °C on the ceramic cooling slope with the length of 200 mm and the angle of 25°. The globular structure of M2 high speed steel in the form of rolled–annealed and as cast condition after holding at semisolid state has been achieved. The size of globular grains of cooling slope sample was smaller than that of the rolled–annealed and as cast samples. Solid particles of rolled–annealed sample after holding at semisolid state had better roundness compared with cooling slope sample. Dissolution of carbides in the austenite phase at grain boundaries leads to formation of globular particles in the semisolid state. MC-type and M₆C-type eutectic carbides reprecipitate during cooling cycle along grain boundaries.     

Numerical simulation on directional solidification of Al-Ni-Co alloy based on FEM

The ratio,of the temperature gradient at the solidifiationfront to the solidification rate of solid-liquid interface,plays a large part in columnar grain growth.The transient temperature fields of directional solidification of Al-Ni-Co alloy were studied by employing a finite element method.The temperature gradient at the solidification front and the solidification rate were analyzed for molten steels pouring at different temperatures.The results show that with different initial pouring temperatures,the individual ratio of the temperature gradient at solidification front to the solidification rate soars up in the initial stage of solidification,then varies within 2,000-6,000℃.s.cm-2,and finally goes down rapidly and even tend to be closed to each other when the solidification thickness reaches 5-6 cm.The simulation result is consistent with the practical production which can provide an available reference for process optimization of directional solidified Al-Ni-Co alloy.     

铝、镁合金半固态浆料的制备与流变成形新工艺

介绍了阻尼冷却管法制备A356铝合金半固态浆料工艺的实验装置及其原理,并进行不同浇注温度的系列实验。结果表明:由于阻尼冷凝管的冷却和搅拌作用,熔体浇注温度越低,在两相温度区间内生成的游离晶核就越多,制备得到半固态铸件的晶粒尺寸就越小,且球化程度越高。在此实验原理及结果分析的基础上,设计真空吸铸-阻尼冷却装置,近液相线温度的AZ91D镁合金液在冷却、剪切的作用下,由液态转变为半固态浆料,然后进入模具完成充型,实现镁合金半固态浆料的制备与铸件流变成形一体化;半固态镁合金熔体具有触变性及更高的黏度,以平稳、层流的充型方式完成充型,能够有效地改善成形件的质量。     

阻尼冷却管法制备A356铝合金半固态浆料的研究

介绍了阻尼冷却管法制备半固态浆料工艺的实验装置及其原理，采用A356铝合金进行了不同浇注温度的系列实验。铸件微观结构中晶粒尺寸和形状因子测算分析结果表明：由于阻尼冷凝管的冷却和搅拌作用，熔体浇注温度越低，在两相温度区间内生成的游离晶核就越多，浇铸的铸件晶粒尺寸和形状因子数值就越小，晶粒球化程度越高。阻尼冷凝管法制备的合金浆料或铸坯能够应用于下一步半固态成形加工。     

熔体浇注温度和板倾斜度对倾斜板制备A356铝合金的凝固和显微组织的影响(英文)

采用倾斜板制备A356铝合金半固态浆料。通过倾斜板底部的逆流水冷却使A356合金熔体在流下倾斜板时发生局部凝固,从而导致在板壁上形成连续柱状枝晶。由于强制对流作用,这些树枝晶被折断成等轴和破碎的晶粒,然后被连续冲洗而在斜板出口形成半固态浆料。熔体浇注温度是影响凝固组织的重要条件,而倾斜度为优质半固态浆料提供必要的剪切作用。将得到的浆料在金属模具中凝固以制备理想显微组织的半固态铸造坯料。然后,通过热处理以提高半固态铸造坯料的表面质量。对半固态铸造和热处理后坯料的显微组织进行分析。研究熔体浇注温度(620,625,630和635°C)和板倾斜度(30°,45°,60°和75°)对斜板制备A356铝合金的凝固和显微组织的影响。结果表明:在625°C的熔体浇注温度和60°斜板倾角时,A356铝合金具有细小和球状的晶粒,是最佳的显微组织。     

连铸工艺参数对自润滑高耐磨铝硅合金磨损特性的影响

采用正交试验法研究温度梯度、浇注温度和牵引速度三个因素对自润滑高耐磨铝硅合耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,温度梯度、浇注温度是影响耐磨性能的显著因素。在高温度梯度,较低浇注温度连铸工艺下制备此合金,可以获得耐磨性能和减摩性(低摩擦系数)兼顾的优越综合性能。其摩擦系数仅为0.135,磨损量为380.6mg。     

Effect of pouring temperature on fractal dimension of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy

The fractal dimensions of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring were calculated, and the effect of pouring temperature on fractal dimension of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy was researched. The results indicate that it is feasible to prepare semisolid A356 alloy slurry by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring, and there is an important effect of pouring temperature on the morphology and the grain size of the primary phase in semi-solid A356 alloy, in which the reduction of pouring temperature can obviously improve grain size and shape factor of primary phase in semi-solid A356 alloy under the condition of a certain stirring power. The primary phase morphology of semi-solid A356 alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring can be characterized by fractal dimension, and the primary phase morphology obtained by the different processing parameters has the different fractal dimensions. Solidification of semi-solid alloy is a course of change in fractal dimension.     

Globulization mechanism of the primary Al of Al−15Cu alloy during slurry preparation for rheoforming

Semisolid slurries of Al-15Cu alloy were produced for rheoforming by a low temperature pouring technique. To investigate the morphological change of the slurry in terms of the particle mean diameter and the roundness factor, samples were extracted during the continuous cooling and the isothermal holding stage of the slurry by a simple technique of interrupt quenching. Results demonstrated that the fine-grained equiaxed dendritic structure, which formed during low temperature pouring, is changed to a globular structure when held at a semisolid temperature for sufficiently long holding time. With regard to the globulization mechanism of the primary α-phase, local melting is considered to take place at the neck of equiaxed dendrites, leading to the separation of small new particles during continuous cooling. These newly formed particles eventually grow during isothermal holding in the semisolid temperature by obeying theD ³=Kt kinetic law, which suggests coarsening by Ostwald ripening.