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核电焊接用奥氏体不锈钢组织中铁素体相的作用和定量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一定比例的铁素体相存在于核电用奥氏体不锈钢组织,包括奥氏体不锈钢堆焊层、奥氏体不锈钢对接焊缝、铸造奥氏体不锈钢等.其中铁素体相的形态和含量对奥氏体不锈钢组织的性能有一定的影响,因此分析其影响机理和确定其比例限值是控制奥氏体不锈钢产品质量所必须的. 相似文献
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利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对毒物不锈钢中第二相的析出行为进行了研究,并分析了第二相析出对基体组织稳定性和轧制开裂的影响机制。结果表明:不锈钢中第二相主要以Gd-Ni系为主,其析出数量随着Gd含量的增加而增加,当Gd含量(质量分数)由1.87%增加至7.87%时,第二相的析出面积分数由5.5%增至20.3%。其次,第二相的析出破坏了基体组织的稳定性,随着Gd含量的增加,不锈钢基体组织经历了单相奥氏体→奥氏体+铁素体两相组织→单相铁素体的转变过程。第二相的析出使得不锈钢塑性下降,同时促进轧制裂纹的萌生和发展。 相似文献
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对节约型2101双相不锈钢连铸坯试样在1180、1200、1220和1240 ℃进行高温热处理,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和显微硬度计等分析了2101双相不锈钢的显微组织、奥氏体含量及其硬度随加热温度和保温时间的变化规律.结果表明:在相同保温时间下,随着温度升高,2101双相不锈钢中奥氏体含量逐渐降低,晶粒逐渐粗化,奥氏体与铁素体的两相硬度差逐渐减小;在1240℃时,铁素体相的晶界及晶界内有大量的脆性相析出;TEM分析表明,这些析出相为六方结构的Cr2N相;在相同的加热温度下,随着保温时间的延长,奥氏体的含量逐渐增加,奥氏体与铁素体的两相硬度差逐渐增加. 相似文献
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采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、室温冲击等方法,研究了800℃固溶处理5~120min后2205双相不锈钢σ相析出以及对冲击性能的影响规律.结果表明:固溶处理10 min时开始有σ相析出,随固溶时间的延长,σ相析出增多,析出尺寸增大,析出速度呈先增后减的趋势;σ相析出伴随着大量的二次奥氏体沿σ相两侧向铁素体晶内生长,造成铁素体含量减少,奥氏体含量增加;2205双相不锈钢的冲击性能对σ相析出非常敏感,σ相在α/γ相界上析出,造成晶界脆化,少量σ相析出就导致冲击韧度大幅下降,并随σ相析出量的增加持续降低,在双相不锈钢热加工过程中应尽量缩短在σ相析出温度范围内的停留时间,避免σ相析出造成不利影响. 相似文献
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通过激光选区熔化(selective laser melting, SLM)技术制备了17-4PH不锈钢,采用电子背散射衍射(electron backscattered diffraction, EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)等方法对沉积态和固溶态试样微观组织结构进行了分析.通过示波冲击试验确定了裂纹萌生扩展的特征阶段和动态裂纹扩展阻力曲线(J-R曲线),研究了微观组织与动态断裂性能之间的关系.结果表明,沉积态试样主要由<100>择优且沿增材方向拉长的δ铁素体柱状晶、取向随机的细小马氏体,以及少量奥氏体组成,不同截面具有显著的组织各向异性;大尺寸δ铁素体柱状晶与细小晶粒的结合面作为薄弱环节,使其脆性增加,J-R曲线的撕裂模量较低,以准解理方式断裂.固溶热处理明显弱化组织各向异性,微观组织由尺寸细小、均匀的马氏体组成,其冲击吸收能量提升1倍,动态断裂韧性优良,属于韧性断裂.大尺寸δ铁素体柱状晶与周围细小马氏体晶粒界面结合较弱是沉积态17-4PH不锈钢动态断裂性能较差的主要原因. 相似文献
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Abbas Eghlimi Morteza Shamanian Keyvan Raeissi 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2013,22(12):3657-3664
Super-duplex stainless steels have an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at relatively low temperatures and can be used as a coating to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of low carbon and low alloy steels. Such coatings can be produced using weld cladding. In this study, pulsed current gas tungsten arc cladding process was utilized to deposit super-duplex stainless steel on high strength low alloy steel substrates. In such claddings, it is essential to understand how the dilution affects the composition and ferrite number of super-duplex stainless steel layer in order to be able to estimate its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In the current study, the effect of pulsed current gas tungsten arc cladding process parameters on the dilution and ferrite number of super-duplex stainless steel clad layer was investigated by applying response surface methodology. The validity of the proposed models was investigated by using quadratic regression models and analysis of variance. The results showed an inverse relationship between dilution and ferrite number. They also showed that increasing the heat input decreases the ferrite number. The proposed mathematical models are useful for predicting and controlling the ferrite number within an acceptable range for super-duplex stainless steel cladding. 相似文献
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通过采用扫描电镜、透射电镜及电子能谱等分析测试技术,研究了高铌管线钢的显微组织特征和析出相种类、大小及形态.结果表明,采用控轧控冷工艺(TMCP)生产的高铌管线钢具有细化的显微组织和多种类型的析出相,显微组织主要为高位错密度的针状铁素体、少量多边形铁素体和MA岛;第二相粒子主要包括板坯再加热过程中未溶解的TiN、以TiN为核心的高温析出NbC、形变诱导析出的NbC和低温弥散析出的细小NbC.细化的有效晶粒尺寸,以及高密度位错与弥散析出相间的交互作用,确保了高铌管线钢获得高的强度和韧性. 相似文献
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对热轧态节镍型高氮奥氏体不锈钢进行固溶及时效处理,利用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射,结合相图系统分析该材料固溶处理及时效后组织变化规律。结果表明,1050 ℃固溶处理后,试验钢基体为奥氏体,存在少量的铁素体,奥氏体晶粒形状偏等轴,晶粒内部存在大量孪晶。时效后,析出相主要为Cr2N、CrN、Cr23C6。在时效时间为5 h不变的条件下,温度由650 ℃升高至800 ℃,碳化物及氮化物数量呈现先增长后降低的趋势,在750 ℃时数量最多。而在750 ℃时效5~10 h范围内,随着时效时间的增加,析出相数量变化不大。析出相的析出过程为:先在晶界交叉处析出胞状析出物,随时间的延长,在晶界逐渐析出条状析出物,在晶内开始出现并逐渐长大,最终形成类珠光体的片层状析出。 相似文献
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The aluminized coating on type 310 stainless steel prepared by high-activity Al pack cementation method has been annealed at 900 °C for 12 h to transform the brittle δ-Fe2Al5 phase into the more ductile β-FeAl phase. The microstructure is studied in detail with transmission electron microscopy. The thick outer layer has β-(Fe, Ni)Al as matrix with cube-like Cr2Al precipitates. The interfacial layer has a thin layer of metastable FCC phase (layer I) and then mixed β-(Fe, Ni)Al grains and α-(Fe, Cr) grains (layers II and III). The Cr2Al precipitates are present in the β-(Fe, Ni)Al grains in layer II but not in those in layer III, while β-FeAl precipitates are present in the α-(Fe, Cr) grains in both layers. The orientation relationships between various phases, the formation of the layers, and the precipitation of Cr2Al in β-(Fe, Ni)Al are discussed. 相似文献
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异种材料焊接结构以其在力学性能、耐腐蚀性等多方面的综合优势,而被广泛应用到装备制造中.针对电机行业中的应用需求,采用连续驱动摩擦焊接实现了45钢和304不锈钢异种钢棒材的优质高效连接,通过工艺优化试验获得了成形以及性能良好的焊接接头.结果表明,在焊接界面处有碳化物层的形成,45钢侧有很薄的铁素体层出现,304不锈钢侧奥氏体晶粒发生了细化,但热影响区内晶粒发生粗化.焊态试样抗拉强度达到870 MPa,拉伸断裂在焊缝界面,为脆性断裂,但微观上有韧窝断裂和准解理断裂两种断裂机制. 相似文献
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Zhiqiang Zhang Hongyang Jing Lianyong Xu Yongdian Han Guolu Li Lei Zhao 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2017,26(1):134-150
This paper investigated on microstructure and impact toughness of different zones in duplex stainless steel welding joint. High-temperature heat-affected zone (HTHAZ) contained coarse ferrite grains and secondary precipitates such as secondary austenite, Cr2N, and sigma. Intergranular secondary austenite was prone to precipitation in low-temperature heat-affected zone (LTHAZ). Both in weld metal (WM) and in HTHAZ, the austenite consisted of different primary and secondary austenite. The ferrite grains in base metal (BM) presented typical rolling texture, while the austenite grains showed random orientation. Both in the HTHAZ and in the LTHAZ, the ferrite grains maintained same texture as the ferrite in the BM. The secondary austenite had higher Ni but lower Cr and Mo than the primary austenite. Furthermore, the WM exhibited the highest toughness because of sufficient ductile austenite and unapparent ferrite texture. The HTHAZ had the lowest toughness because of insufficient austenite formation in addition to brittle sigma and Cr2N precipitation. The LTHAZ toughness was higher than the BM due to secondary austenite precipitation. In addition, the WM fracture was dominated by the dimple, while the cleavage was main fracture mode of the HTHAZ. Both BM and LTHAZ exhibited a mixed fracture mode of the dimple and quasi-cleavage. 相似文献
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采用JHM-1GY-400型脉冲Nb∶YAG固体激光器和316L不锈钢粉末在20低碳钢表面制备了激光熔覆层。利用OM、XRD、SEM等表征方法分析了不锈钢熔覆层的物相组成和显微组织,并分别利用旋转摩擦试验机和电化学工作站对熔覆层和基材的耐磨损和耐腐蚀性进行了研究。试验结果表明,不锈钢熔覆层厚度约为50 μm,由γ相(奥氏体)和α相(铁素体)组成,其显微组织主要包括细小的树枝晶、粗大的胞状晶以及平面晶;不锈钢熔覆层表面硬度约为基材的2倍,摩擦因数比基材低0.0418,磨损量更低,不锈钢熔覆层比基材具有更高的耐磨性。与基材相比,不锈钢熔覆层具有更低的自腐蚀电流和更高的自腐蚀电位,其耐腐蚀性能更优异。 相似文献