利多卡因通过调控炎症反应抑制糖尿病大鼠血管壁结构重构

目的:研究利多卡因对糖尿病大鼠炎症反应及血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移的作用效果。方法:取糖尿病模型大鼠及利多卡因处理的糖尿病模型大鼠的血清及二者血管组织以及原代培养的血管平滑肌细胞进行研究。结果:利多卡因可有效抑制糖尿病大鼠TNF-α、IL-8、血小板凝集因子（PAF）炎症因子分泌，可见利多卡因可降低能诱导糖尿病性心血管疾病的炎症反应。利多卡因可降低Brdu试剂盒吸光度、降低Ki-67水平、降低Vimentin表达水平同时降低划痕实验中平滑肌细胞的迁移面积，可见利多卡因可有效降低血管平滑肌细胞增殖及迁移作用。利多卡因抑制炎症反应的机制研究中，其有效抑制AKT-STAT3信号通路活化。结果均具统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:利多卡因通过抑制AKT-STAT3信号通路活化有效降低糖尿病大鼠模型中炎症反应，以降低血管平滑肌细胞异常增殖及迁移作用，从而改善血管壁结构重构。利多卡因可成为治疗炎症反应诱导的糖尿病性心血管疾病的潜在治疗药物。     

复方倍他米松注射液联合埃索美拉唑治疗喉接触性肉芽肿的临床研究

目的: 观察复方倍他米松注射液联合埃索美拉唑治疗喉接触性肉芽肿的临床疗效及安全性。 方法: 将76例喉接触性肉芽肿患者随机分为对照组49例和试验组27例。对照组予以口服埃索美拉唑每次20 mg,早晚各一次,用药1个月后减量至晨起10 mg,每日一次,维持半月后再减量至隔日晨起10 mg,半月后停药;试验组在对照组治疗的基础上,于病变内注射复方倍他米松注射液0.3～0.5 mL,每月1次,最多注射3次。比较2组患者的临床疗效及药物不良反应的发生情况。结果: 治疗后,试验组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.30%（26/27例）和95.92%（47/49例）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。试验组和对照组的治愈率分别为70.37%（19/27例）和46.94%（23/49例）;对于Farwell Ⅲ、Ⅳ度病变者,试验组和对照组的治愈率分别为60.00%（6/10例）和14.29%（3/21例）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组和对照组的治愈时间分别为（2.62±0.37）和（5.16±0.85）个月,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者的药物不良反应主要有消化不良、胃胀和呃逆。试验组和对照组的药物不良反应发生率分别为11.11%和14.29%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论: 复方倍他米松注射液联合埃索美拉唑治疗喉接触性肉芽肿的临床治愈率显著优于单用埃索美拉唑,且不增加药物不良反应的发生率。     

小剂量秋水仙碱对不稳定心绞痛合并高尿酸患者胸痛改善的作用

目的: 观察小剂量秋水仙碱改善不稳定心绞痛合并高尿酸血症患者胸痛的再发。方法: 110例伴高尿酸的不稳定心绞痛患者,随机分为对照组49例和治疗组61例。对照组按常规治疗,治疗组加用小剂量秋水仙碱 0.5 mg/d,使用 10 d 后观察尿酸、血管紧张素II的水平改变及两组心绞痛的发生情况。结果: 治疗后治疗组尿酸及血管紧张素II水平下降较对照组明显,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后治疗组心绞痛改善总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:小 剂量秋水仙碱能有效改善不稳定心绞痛合并高尿酸血症患者的胸痛再发,可能与秋水仙碱降低血清尿酸、血管紧张素II水平有关。     

Treg细胞抑制基质金属蛋白酶-9对类风湿性关节炎伴急性脑缺血损伤的研究进展

近些年的研究相继发现类风湿性关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）患者较健康人群更易得急性脑缺血等心脑血管疾病,RA的发生也会进一步加重急性脑缺血的发展。其中,基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metaloproteinase-9,MMP-9）可降解细胞外基质,破坏血脑屏障,引发炎性细胞和致炎因子等浸润,对构建脑缺血后炎性反应的级联放大网络起到重要作用。Treg细胞,即调节性T细胞（ regulatory T cells ）,作为免疫抑制性细胞可多途径抑制MMP-9的活性,从而治疗急性脑缺血,缓解RA症状：（1）Treg细胞可通过负反馈阻断NF-κB通路,抑制MMP-9的活性;（2）Treg细胞可调控转化生长因子-β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的表达抑制MMP-9的转录;（3）Treg细胞可通过转化急性脑缺血后被激活的小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的极化类型,抑制小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞对MMP-9的促分泌作用,加强M2型小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的免疫耐受;（4）Treg细胞可释放抑炎因子,拮抗致炎性的Th17细胞,平衡体内免疫,缓解RA和急性脑缺血所引发的炎症等。本文综述Treg细胞在RA合并急性脑缺血中通过抑制MMP-9的活性等起治疗作用,旨在为类风湿性关节炎合并急性脑缺血的有效治疗和研究提供参考。     

甲磺酸阿帕替尼三线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的:本研究旨在观察并探讨甲磺酸阿帕替尼三线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法: 本研究为回顾性分析,从2015年3月到2018年6月纳入接受甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗的96例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,对疗效及安全性进行回顾性分析。96例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者接受甲磺酸阿帕替尼进行治疗2个周期后观察并分析临床疗效及基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-9）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和癌胚抗原（CEA）等指标的变化情况,评价客观缓解率（ORR）,疾病控制率（DCR）,随后评价无进展生存期（PFS）和总生存期（OS）,并记录安全性数据。结果:96例患者均可评价疗效,其中完全缓解（CR）0例,部分缓解（PR）16例,疾病稳定（SD）54例,疾病进展26例。ORR为16.67%,DCR为72.92%。MMP-9、VEGF和CEA指标与治疗后相比,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为4.65个月。中位总生存期（mOS）为8.90个月。安全性方面,发生率较高的3级以上不良反应为高血压13例（13.54%）,手足综合征9例（9.75%）,蛋白尿7例（7.29%）,咯血7例（7.29%）,疲劳6例（6.25%）,高甘油三酯血症4例（4.17%）。结论:甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌具有一定的临床疗效,安全性事件总体可控。     

抗FGF-2纳米抗体抑制碱烧伤诱导大鼠角膜血管新生

目的：研究抗成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF-2）纳米抗体对碱烧伤诱导的大鼠角膜血管生成的治疗作用。方法：将SD大鼠分为：假手术组（Sham），模型组（Model，直径为3 mm的浸有1 mol/L NaOH溶液圆形滤纸贴于大鼠眼角膜中央处30 s，制备大鼠碱烧伤血管生成模型）和治疗组（Treatment，术后7天至21天用3 mg/mL的抗FGF-2纳米抗体溶液滴眼，每日3次，每次10 μL，共14天）。通过体视显微镜和CD31免疫组织化学染色计算大鼠角膜血管生成情况。实时荧光定量PCR、酶联免疫吸附测定和免疫组织化学染色3种方法检测抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和FGF-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果：（1）血管：治疗组较模型组的面积显著减少，血管管腔较窄（P<0.05），在药物干预14天后，差异最为显著；（2）FGF-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平：模型组与治疗组的结果相近（P>0.05）；（3）VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平：治疗组显著高于模型组（P<0.05）。此外，假手术组的持续给药也使得VEGF表达显著增加（P<0.05）。 结论：抗FGF-2纳米抗体可抑制由碱烧伤诱导的角膜血管新生，但也使得正常大鼠角膜或病理大鼠角膜的VEGF表达水平代偿性升高。     

钾离子竞争性酸阻断剂在反流性食管炎中的治疗进展

反流性食管炎（reflux esophagitis, RE）是一种由多种损伤因素所致的以食管下括约肌障碍为主的胃食管动力障碍性疾病，临床上多使用质子泵抑制剂（proton pump inhibitors, PPIs）等抑酸药物治疗，但随着耐质子泵抑制剂型反流性食管炎病例的增多，对抑酸药的药代动力学及药效学表现出更高的需求。近年来一类新型的抑酸药物钾离子竞争性酸阻断剂（potassium-competitive acid blockers, P-CABs）的出现解决了传统的质子泵抑制剂在临床上的一些不足，表现出首剂全效、更持久的抑酸作用、对胃酸分泌的抑制作用不受胃酸分泌状态的影响、药物代谢和功效的个体差异更小、给药疗效不受是否摄食的影响等特点，对糜烂性食管炎及耐PPIs的严重糜烂性食管炎的疗效都有明显的优势，同时更具有成本效益，有望取代PPIs成为反流性食管炎的一线治疗方案。     

低氧诱导因子1信号通路调控低氧性肺动脉高压研究进展

肺动脉高压（pulmonary hypertension, PH）是一种罕见且严重的进行性疾病,在无左心、肺实质或血栓栓塞性疾病的情况下,由远端肺小动脉肥厚性重构增加肺动脉压和肺血管阻力所致。低氧诱导因子1（hypoxia-inducible factor-1, HIF-1）调控大量与PH发生发展相关的基因,诱导肺血管生成、细胞增殖和迁移以及细胞能量代谢和利用等。HIF-1是低氧性PH发病机制的重要组成部分,在驱动肺血管和右心室重构的病理过程中发挥重要作用。本文就HIF-1在低氧性PH中的作用和调控及其在靶向治疗PH中的潜力进行系统阐述。     

心力衰竭药物治疗的研究进展

心力衰竭是各种心脏疾病的终末阶段,尽管使用各种传统的药物标准治疗,但预后仍然不够理想,急需新的药物以及治疗方式的更新与提高。近年来,陆续出现了血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂（沙库巴曲缬沙坦）类及钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂（SGLT-2i）、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶（sGC）激动剂（维利西呱）、心肌肌球蛋白激活剂（omecamtiv mecarbil）等新型治疗药物。钠-葡萄糖协同转运体2（SGLT2）抑制剂具有改善心室负荷,减少纤维化及影响心肌代谢等多种作用。sGC激动剂通过增强L-ARG-NO-sGC-cGMP信号通路,改善心肌和血管功能,逆转心室肥厚和纤维化,减缓心室重构,并通过全身和肺血管舒张减少心室后负荷发挥抗心衰作用。除此之外,新型盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂-非奈利酮也在心衰领域有良好的临床研究报道。因此,针对不同类型的心力衰竭患者,选择合适的药物,根据心衰的优化流程进行个体化治疗是未来心衰发展的方向与希望。     

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇二线及以上治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的单臂、单中心探索性临床研究

目的:探讨白蛋白结合型紫杉醇二线及以上治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2012年10月到2015年12月入组前接受过至少一线治疗方案失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者63例,给予白蛋白结合型紫杉醇130 mg/m2,第1天和第8天静脉滴注治疗,21 d为一个周期。每2个周期进行疗效评价,用CTCAE4.03版本的标准评价每个周期出现的不良反应。患者疾病进展后通过电话随访获取患者的预后数据。结果:纳入研究的63例患者均可评价疗效,其中接受治疗后疗效达到完全缓解（CR）0例,部分缓解（PR）15例,疾病稳定（SD）21例,疾病进展（PD）27例。该研究的客观缓解率（ORR）为23.81%,疾病控制率（DCR）为57.14%。经过随访预后,63例患者的中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为3.9个月（95%CI：3.1-5.2）,中位总生存期（mOS）为9.3个月（95%CI：7.8-10.4）。安全性方面,主要的2级以上不良反应为中性粒细胞减少,血小板减少,脱发和外周神经毒性,总体不良反应可耐受。结论:白蛋白结合型紫杉醇二线及以上治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者具有不错的疗效,不良事件可控,有望成为晚期非小细胞肺癌二线治疗标准。     

热等静压冷速对SLM成形K536合金力学性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化工艺制备K536航空发动机零件,研究了不同冷速的热等静压HIP工艺对制件组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,激光选区熔化K536高温合金制件经HIP处理后,制件内部产生完全再结晶,金相组织为奥氏体基体及晶内和晶界碳化物,合金强度降低、塑性上升,数据分散性下降;随HIP冷速的增大,组织中晶界碳化物减少,晶内出现少量颗粒状碳化物,有效提升了合金在815℃的高温屈服强度。     

A laser-based technique for the coating of mild steel with a vitreous enamel

Marked changes in the wettability characteristics of EN8 mild steel were observed after high-power diode laser (HPDL) surface treatment of the metal. The morphological, microstructural and wetting characteristics of the steel were determined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and wetting experiments by the sessile drop technique. Improvements in the wetting action of the mild steel after HPDL surface treatment were identified as being the result of: HPDL-induced melting of the mild steel surface, which brought about a reduction of the surface roughness; and a small increase in the polar component of the surface energy and an increase in the surface O₂ content of the mild steel resulting from HPDL treatment. This work has demonstrated that the use of HPDL radiation to alter the wetting characteristics of mild steel in order to facilitate improved enamelling is a real possibility.     

Effect of moisture (in solid polymer electrolyte) on the photosensitivity of conducting polypyrrole sensitized by prussian blue in solid-state photocells

The effect of small concentration of dispersed prussian blue (PB) [in solid polymer electrolyte viz polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with phosphoric acid] on the photocurrents were studied (in wet state and in dry state of solid polymer electrolyte) in solid state photocells fabricated using conducting polypyrrole (PPy). These exhibit good photoresponse to visible light: photocurrents being 20 to 25 times greater than the dark currents depending upon the concentration of the sensitizer. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics in such cells reveals that the charge transport is mainly governed by the space charge effects and the sensitization effects are due to the lowering of the potential barrier formed at the polypyrrole (PPy)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) interface under photoexcitation. Also, sensitization effects were studied in the wet state and in dry state of solid polymer electrolyte (PVA). It has been observed that the moisture content in the solid polymer electrolyte reduces the photosensitivity factor (S=I_l/I_d, where I_l is the light current and I_d is the dark current), since it increases the ionic conductivity in the solid polymer electrolyte thereby increasing the dark current values which results in overall decrease in the photosensitivity factor (S). The importance of the other factors such as dye concentration, dye aggregation etc. have been explained on the basis of the experimental observations. The sensitization effects are explained on the basis of the energy band diagram of the materials forming the photocells.     

支持向量机在拉深筋设计中的应用

支持向量机(SVM)以统计学习理论为基础,广泛应用于回归预测。文章根据零件特点,针对拉深筋几何参数和板料拉延阻力间复杂的非线性关系,以拉深筋流入量作为衡量板料拉延阻力的参数,利用支持向量机建立其与嵌入程度、弯曲程度之间的映射关系,分别基于小样本、大样本两组数据预测。结果表明该方法与神经网络模型相比具有更优良的性能,为筋参数基准值的确定提供了很好的指导,并解决了神经网络在小样本预测和泛化能力上的问题。     

The characteristics of high temperature Gas Nitriding heat treatment and tempering in 0.8Mo added 17Cr-1Ni-0.5C

The effect of the High Temperature Gas Nitriding (HTGN) and tempering treatment of 17Cr-1Ni-0.5C-0.8Mo (CNMo) steel was experimentally investigated. The HTGN was carried out at 1050 °C for 1 h in a gaseous atmosphere containing 98.07 kPa of nitrogen. Chromium nitrides in the austenite and martensite phase appeared at the nitrogen-permeated surface layer after the HTGN treatment. The hardness of the outmost surface of the HTGN treated specimen measured 708 Hv. When it was tempered at 500 °C for 1 h, the hardness of the outmost surface was 763 Hv as a result of the precipitation of mostly micro Cr₂N, which was densely packed with a small amount of Cr₂₃C₆ and the secondary hardening effect. In addition, an improvement in the corrosion resistance was observed in the tempered specimen.     

NaCl溶液中Al-Li合金腐蚀过程的电化学特征

采用电化学噪声技术，结合电化学阻抗谱及极化曲线测量，研究了峰时效，AA2195－T8铝合金在3．0％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学特征，结果表明，腐蚀初期，合金表面钝化膜上不断有孔核的形成与恢复，并导致阻抗谱上感抗成分的存在。随腐蚀时间的延长，其感抗成分消失且阻抗模值降低。阳极极化时，由于其孔蚀电位与自腐蚀电位接近，钝化电位区间很小；随腐蚀时间的延长，极化电阻先增加而后减小，自腐蚀电流则呈相反趋势变化。     

Textured zinc oxide prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) method and its application in improvement of extraction efficiency for 650 nm resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RCLED)

In this article, we report on the textured zinc oxide (ZnO) prepared by liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method and apply it as a window layer of 650 nm resonant-cavity light-emitting diode to enhance the extraction efficiency. The treatment solution for LPD ZnO (LPD-ZnO) growth consists of ZnO powder saturated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Temperature-controlled water bath system was used to maintain a constant temperature of 40 °C in LPD system. The experimental results indicate that the deposition rate was determined by the concentration of H₂O₂ and growth temperature, and the average roughness of LPD-ZnO is dominated by the concentrations of HCl. In order to perform the practicability of LPD-ZnO, the textured LPD-ZnO is used as a window layer of 650 nm AlGaInP/GaInP resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RCLED) to enhance the light output power. In addition, the calculated results indicate that the optimum roughness for enhancing the light output power of RCLED is in the range of 80-100 nm, which are close to the experimental results. As compared to the conventional RCLED, the RCLED with textured LPD-ZnO, which has the optimum average roughness of 82 nm, performs a high light output power, a high external quantum efficiency, a narrow linewidth of electroluminescence spectrum and the same far-field angle.     

Welding mode transition and process stability in high power laser welding

For high-power CO_2 laser welding, besides two well known stable welding processes, i.e. stable deep penetration welding (DPW) and stable heat conduction welding (HCW), the authors have found the third welding process, i.e. unstable-mode welding (UMW) under the certain condition. UMW has its basic feature that the two welding modes (DPW and HCW) appear intermittently, with jumping of penetration depth and weld width between large and small levels. In this paper, effects of welding parameters (focal position, laser power and traveling speed) on laser welding mode and weld appearance have been comprehensively studied Double-U curves of laser welding mode transition have been obtained, which indicate the ranges of the three mentioned welding processes. This work affords science foundation for selecting the welding process parameters correctly and obtaining stable laser welding.     

企业热处理的敏捷性研究

敏捷化是提升企业热处理竞争力的有效手段。实现观念的转变才是消除热处理专业厂和非专业厂区别的根本。将制造执行系统应用于热处理的生产组织管理，可显著提高其敏捷性。介绍了并行环境下的热处理工艺设计思想。将成组技术、模块化设计分别引入热处理生产和组织管理和热处理工艺设计，可提高效率、降低成本。     

Anisotropic Inter-granular Corrosion Behaviors and Microstructures of AlMgSiCu Alloy Sheets Made by Thermal-Mechanical Treatments

This study investigates the microstructure and local corrosion behavior of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, which has been subjected to cold-rolling with different deformation strain ratios (DSRs) and followed by artificial aging. Accelerated corrosion tests show that peak-aged samples with a small DSR (5-10%) are sensitive to inter-granular corrosion (IGC) along both the normal and rolling directions. When the DSR increases to medium strength (20-40%), IGC sensitivity decreases along both directions and corrosion propagates anisotropically. When the DSR is 60-80%, IGC sensitivity along the normal direction continues to decrease, but increases along the rolling direction, indicating pronounced corrosion anisotropy. Microstructural characterization reveals the decreased IGC sensitivity is mainly attributed to a reduction in element segregation at high-angle grain boundaries and the kinked and discontinuous grain boundary corrosion paths. The increased IGC sensitivity along the rolling direction could be related to the significantly flattened grains.