超高铬铸铁的研究现状与前瞻

综述含铬量超过30％的高铬铸铁的组织、性能和应用情况,简述了超高铬铸铁的研究应用前景。亚共晶超高铬铸铁组织由M23C6型铬碳化物和具有铬的正电极电位的高铬铁素体组成,具有良好的抗腐蚀磨损性能。过共晶超高铬铸铁组织为硬度高的M7C3型铬碳化物和马氏体、残余奥氏体基体,具有优良的承受苛刻条件下低角度冲击腐蚀磨损与高温磨损性能。     

钒钛硼变质高铬铸铁的研究

采用V、Ti、B变质处理26Cr高铬铸铁,研究了细化晶粒,改善共晶碳化物形貌与分布,以及获得高含铬量马氏体基体的热处理方法。该方法显著提高了26Cr高铬铸铁的抗冲击和抗腐蚀磨损能力。     

高铬白口铸铁中碳当量对抗磨性能的影响

高铬白口铸铁的共晶显微组织与普通白口铸铁的共晶组织不同,其中不连续的条块状共晶铁、铬碳化物M7C3占25%左右,与富铬的二次碳化物位于金属基体奥氏体或其转变产物中,而后者的M3C碳化物能占到48%,可看作渗硫体基体或海锦状渗碳体,里面镶嵌奥氏体转变产物,所以共晶型高铬白口铸铁的韧性比普通共晶型白口铸铁好,共晶组织中碳化物的短小空间对共晶奥氏体基体起到良好的保护作用,在高应力磨料磨损条件下,过共晶高铬白口铸铁中的大块状初生M7C3碳化物能很好地抵抗磨粒对抗磨件施加的法向压力和切向剪切力,不易断裂,故而抗磨性能较好.     

含碳量对过共晶高铬铸铁显微组织与耐磨性的影响

通过显微组织观察、图像分析仪定量金相测定,力学性能测试,低应力湿态磨料磨损试验,研究了碳对含33.5%Cr的过共晶高铬铸铁的影响。结果表明,过共晶高铬铸铁显微组织主要特征是含有较大尺寸的六边形和杆状M7C3型初生碳化物。并且随着含C量的升高,过共晶高铬铸铁组织中的初生碳化物逐渐变得粗大,初生碳化物和碳化物总体积分数增加。随着含碳量的增加,过共晶高铬铸铁硬度逐渐升高。含4.80%C的高铬铸铁硬度最高,达到HRC65.5。但随着含碳量的增加,高铬铸铁的冲击韧度逐渐下降。在40 N、70 N、100 N载荷下,随着含C量的增加,过共晶高铬铸铁的耐磨损性能提高。在40 N、70 N和100 N载荷下,含4.80%C的高铬铸铁的耐磨性分别比含3.86%C的高铬铸铁提高了26.1%、24.5%和24.1%。在含碳量相同的情况下,重载荷下高铬铸铁的耐磨性能下降。随着载荷的增加,高含碳量高铬铸铁的耐磨性优势逐渐下降。与含23%Cr的过共晶高铬铸铁相比,含C量分别为3.86%、4.13%、4.65%和4.80%的含33.5%Cr的过共晶高铬铸铁耐磨性分别提高了42.9%、52.0%、54.6%、56.6%。     

Fe-C-B合金耐磨性能的研究

在MLD-10型冲击磨料磨损试验机上,对现今广泛使用的高铬铸铁和正在研究的Fe-C-B合金,在相同的冲击功条件下,就其耐磨性进行了对比试验。通过测定相同工况下材料的失重,分析两种材料的抗冲击磨损性能,并对试验过程中Fe-C-B合金试样表现出来的脆性、磨损面的形貌进行了讨论。结果表明:成分一定的Fe-C-B合金其耐磨性与亚共晶高铬铸铁相当,与过共晶高铬铸铁的耐磨性接近;磨损表面主要有塑性犁沟、显微切削等不同的磨损方式。     

高应力冲击磨料磨损时高铬铸铁成分及组织的选择

高应力冲击磨料磨损时，高铬白口铸铁应选共晶成分。细小的共晶碳化物之间的空间，能够对基体产生良好的保护。基体应是马氏体，它能抵抗冲击，变形小。     

铌含量对Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

采用金相试验、X射线衍射、硬度测试和磨料磨损试验研究了不含铌和含0.5、1.0%Nb(质量分数)的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的铸态组织和性能。结果表明,添加Nb元素能有效细化Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的铸态组织,随着铌含量的增加,初生碳化物M_7C_3从粗大的杆条状转变细小、弥散分布的多边形块状,共晶碳化物从细长条状转变为弥散分布的点状。添加铌的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的硬度并未明显提高,含铌量为1.0%的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的硬度比不含铌的仅提高了约6%。然而,铌的加入显著地提高了Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的耐磨性,含Nb量为1.0%的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的磨损量比不含Nb的减少了约21%。     

离心铸造复合辊套用高铬铸铁的组织及性能研究

根据复合辊套的生产和使用要求,研究了3种成分的高铬铸铁通过金属型铸造后的组织和性能。结果表明,金属型铸造的Cr20高铬铸铁其铸态组织由枝晶奥氏体、共晶奥氏体和共晶碳化物组成;具有较好的韧性,并且有一定的耐蚀性和良好的耐磨性;铸态硬度达到HRC55左右。Cr20高铬铸铁能满足轧辊的生产和湿摩擦条件下的使用要求。     

扰动和孕育对过共晶高铬铸铁铸态组织的影响

对4．0％C-20．O％Cr过共晶高铬铸铁进行了温度扰动、温度扰动和孕育的复合处理。并用Lieca像分析仪和光学显微镜对组织进行分析研究,结果表明：温度扰动处理显著细化初生碳化物,温度扰动和孕育复合处理的细化效果最好。并对温度扰动和孕育细化过共晶高铬铸铁的机理进行了分析。     

含Ti/W过共晶高铬铸铁高温磨料磨损性能研究

研究了含Ti和W过共晶高铬铸铁(25.0 wt.%Cr,3.5 wt.%C)高温磨料磨损性能和磨损机理。结果表明,加入Ti后,过共晶高铬铸铁抵抗高温磨料磨损能力提高;在相同的温度下,Ti含量越高,高铬铸铁磨损失重量越小;同时加入Ti和W后,高铬铸铁试样磨损量最小,耐磨性能最好。含Ti/W过共晶高铬铸铁的高温磨料磨损机理主要包括磨料磨损机理、疲劳断裂机理、粘着磨损机理等。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.