Evolution of Two Types of α Plates in Tri-modal Microstructure of TA15 Alloy under Varying Processing Conditions

为了通过组织设计获得优异的性能,揭示TA15钛合金三态组织中的2种片层α相(次生片层α和转变β基体中细α条)的演化至关重要。采用等温压缩(在950,965和975℃),结合双重热处理(在压缩温度以下10~40℃进行第1次热处理,然后在810°C进行第2次热处理),研究了2种片层α相的演化规律。结果表明,在低于等温压缩温度以下10℃进行第1次热处理,可以获得单独分布的厚片层α相和细α条,这种细α条在第1次热处理后空冷具有集束的形态,而在第1次热处理后水冷具有针状形态。在低于等温压缩温度以下25℃进行第1次热处理,可以获得集束和网篮状的片层α相以及细α条。在低于等温压缩温度以下40℃进行第1次热处理,只能获得集束和网篮状的片层α相。另外,在第1次热处理温度相同的条件下,不同冷却方式对次生片层α相的形态影响较小。     

不同工艺条件下TA15钛合金的三态组织中两种片层α相的演化(英文)

为了通过组织设计获得优异的性能,揭示TA15钛合金三态组织中的2种片层α相(次生片层α和转变β基体中细α条)的演化至关重要。采用等温压缩(在950,965和975℃),结合双重热处理(在压缩温度以下10~40℃进行第1次热处理,然后在810°C进行第2次热处理),研究了2种片层α相的演化规律。结果表明,在低于等温压缩温度以下10℃进行第1次热处理,可以获得单独分布的厚片层α相和细α条,这种细α条在第1次热处理后空冷具有集束的形态,而在第1次热处理后水冷具有针状形态。在低于等温压缩温度以下25℃进行第1次热处理,可以获得集束和网篮状的片层α相以及细α条。在低于等温压缩温度以下40℃进行第1次热处理,只能获得集束和网篮状的片层α相。另外,在第1次热处理温度相同的条件下,不同冷却方式对次生片层α相的形态影响较小。     

热处理工艺对Ti80合金显微组织的影响

用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等研究Ti80合金在3种热处理工艺下的显微组织与硬度。结果表明:当热处理工艺由900℃×1 h/AC改变至980℃×1 h/AC时,合金由等轴组织转变为双态组织,并伴随着初生α相的减少和球化、β相的增多、次生α相与α'马氏体形态的转变,但合金元素固溶规律无变化;经1020℃×1 h/AC热处理后,合金形成片层组织,初生α相消失、次生α相呈长针丛状在粗大的原始β晶粒内平行分布,此时α'板条马氏体与α'孪晶马氏体共存且合金元素分布较均匀;随热处理温度的升高,合金硬度先降低后升高。     

冷却速率对TA15钛合金组织和性能的影响

利用可控冷却速率热处理装置对TA15钛合金进行了不同冷却速率下的β热处理工艺试验,研究了该合金冷却速率对微观组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:合金加热至1 020℃以上以不同冷却速率冷却后出现了两种类型的转变产物——马氏体和(α+β)片层组织;两种类型转变产物中的原始β晶粒形貌均清晰可见;(α+β)片层组织中α片终止于原始β晶界和其他α集束团,原始β晶粒内可形成多个α集束团,同一α集束内α片层相互平行;随冷却速率增加,α片层厚度先快速后缓慢减小,而集束尺寸则呈线性减小;增加冷却速率可提高(α+β)片状组织的硬度。     

新型γ-TiAl合金的γ/α2层片形成机理

讨论了经过不同冷却速率、加热温度和保温时间对新型TiAl合金的γ/α2层片组织的影响。结果表明:热处理时间增加,层片晶团的晶粒有长大趋势,片层组织中出现层错,位错等缺陷;在不同冷却方式中,油冷组织中出现了块状γ,炉冷组织具有密集的层片。热处理温度在Tα相变点以上20℃内,片层晶团的晶粒最小,这是由合金中的弱β稳定元素Ta造成的。     

三重热处理对热变形后TC4-DT合金微观组织的影响

TC4-DT钛合金经高温恒应变速率变形后,进行三重热处理,具体工艺为:(920~960℃)×1 h水冷(WQ)+(880~920)℃×1h WQ+820℃×1.5 h空冷(AC),观察热处理后的微观组织。结果表明:TC4-DT钛合金950℃变形后,第一重热处理温度越高,初生等轴α相含量越少,在温度为920℃时由等轴α相、针状α'相及β基体组成,960℃时等轴α相完全消失;第二重热处理中,初生α相有减少的趋势,温度越高,减少越快。第二重热处理温度对次生条状α相含量及最终形态也有影响,当二重热温度为920℃时得到的条状α组织更为粗大;经过第三重热处理,条状α相的间距均匀,在条状一次次生α相之间分布有更加细小的二次次生α相。因而采用不同条件的多重热处理制度可以调节材料的微观组织,包括次生α的长度、宽度及次生α片层的数量等,从而可以优化TC4-DT钛合金的微观组织。TC4-DT钛合金950℃高温变形后,经960℃×1 h WQ+880℃×1 h WQ+820℃×1.5 h AC热处理,得到细小均匀的网篮组织;经940℃×1 h WQ+920℃×1 h WQ+820℃×1.5 h AC热处理,得到双态组织。     

铸造Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.5(W,B,Y)合金组织均匀化处理

采用水冷铜坩埚感应熔炼制备了Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.5(W,B,Y)(at%)合金铸锭,研究了铸造合金组织特点及均匀化处理温度对显微组织的影响规律。结果表明,铸锭组织呈全层片,有大量β相网,富Al相等成分偏析;调整热处理温度使合金偏析区域处于α单相区,充分保温后缓慢冷却可消除偏析形成全层片组织;经过1420℃×12 h炉冷,β相与富Al相偏析均得以消除,获得平均尺寸约为320μm,层片间距约为0.8μm的均匀全层片组织。     

热处理工艺对TA15钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响

研究了普通退火、β退火的单重热处理制度和强韧化的双重热处理制度对TA15钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明,在普通退火温度范围内,合金组织形貌变化不大,均为等轴组织,合金的强度和冲击韧性随退火温度的升高而增加,塑性基本保持不变;β退火得到粗大的魏氏体组织,综合力学性能最差;在双重热处理过程中,第二重热处理温度主要影响片层α相的厚度,随着第二重热处理温度的升高,片层α相厚度增加,合金的强度降低,冲击韧性增加。当热处理制度为975℃×1 h/WQ+850℃×2h/AC时,合金组织由约24%的初生等轴α相、55%左右的网篮α相和β转变组织组成,此时合金具有良好的强韧性匹配。     

热处理工艺对TC11钛合金组织及性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和冷却方式对初始组织为等轴组织的TC11钛合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,对于TC11钛合金,在空冷条件下,随热处理温度的升高,等轴α相含量逐渐减少;当热处理温度超过980 ℃,合金开始发生组织形态的改变,由初始的等轴态转变为α β双态组织,随温度的继续升高,等轴组织完全转变成片层状组织;热处理温度在980 ℃以上时,随冷却速度的增加,β转变组织的片层厚度逐渐减小,冷却速度较快时(水冷),形成淬火马氏体.拉伸试验研究表明,热处理温度为980～1020 ℃,空冷(或油冷)条件下,得到的组织具有较好的高温综合力学性能,其中热处理温度在980～1000 ℃之间得到的组织由于等轴α相含量约为50%,具有最佳的力学性能.     

Ti-46Al-2.5V-1.0Cr-0.3Ni合金热处理工艺研究

研究了热处理制度对Ti-46Al-2.5V-1.0Cr-0.3Ni(at,%)挤压TiAl合金棒材组织的影响。结果表明,合金在1320～1370℃保温有β相在α晶界析出。在实验温度范围内,随保温温度的升高,β相的含量有所增加,对α相的钉扎作用也随之增大,其中在1350℃时β相对α晶粒具有最大的钉扎力。合金在1350℃的保温过程中,随时间的延长,β相含量变化不大但尺寸有所长大。通过对合金进行1350℃×15 min空冷的热处理,获得了均匀、细小的层片组织。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.