脉冲强磁场处理对TC4钛合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究在脉冲强磁场处理条件下磁感应强度(B=2T、3T和4T)对TC4钛合金材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着B值从2T增加到4T,α相体积分数从49%增加到59%,表明磁场诱发了从β到α的相变。经过磁场处理后,位错密度增加,当B=3T时,位错密度达到最大值,较未处理试样增加了4.8倍;当B=4T时,位错密度有所减小,这是由于磁致塑性效应和位错堆积效应共同作用的结果。经过磁场处理后,合金的强度提高了,当B=3T时,合金强度最高达到1330 MPa,较未处理试样的1236 MPa提高7.6%;当B=4T时,合金强度为1265 MPa,增幅2.3%,合金伸长率为15.66%,较处理前样品的伸长率提高4.8%,实现材料强度和塑性的同步提高,这与位错强化机制和α相的数量、分布和形貌有关。     

脉冲磁化处理对M42高速钢刀具组织和力学性能的影响

对M42高速钢刀具进行脉冲磁化处理,考察脉冲磁场对组织和性能的影响,分析了脉冲磁场改变微观组织以及力学性能作用机理.运用TEM和激光共聚焦显微镜分析了脉冲磁场冲击前后高速钢位错组态、碳化物分布以及微观组织的变化.研究表明,高速钢经脉冲磁化处理后,发生晶格畸变,基体内析出大量弥散碳化物,微观组织变细密,晶粒细化.微观组织的变化导致力学性能发生变化,材料Rockwell硬度与显微硬度均显著提高,Rockwell硬度最大可以增加2.9 HRC.基于位错理论分析了脉冲磁场作用下高速钢的强化机制,磁场作用于位错的力足以克服位错线张力引起的阻力和晶格点阵引起的阻力,从而使位错能以Orowan机制产生增殖、滑移,致使位错密度增加.     

脉冲磁场对TC4合金时效过程中析出相的影响

将脉冲磁场施加在TC4钛合金时效过程中,分析脉冲磁场对TC4时效后显微组织及力学性能的影响.通过引入扩散理论,探究脉冲磁场在时效过程中对析出相的影响.结果 表明,经过脉冲磁场处理后,显微组织中的析出相数量明显增多,尺寸变小,且分布更加弥散.外加脉冲磁场时效0.5 h相较于未施加磁场时效4h,抗压强度增加了35 MPa,...     

在磁场中加热对单晶铝力学性能和位错密度的影响

施加磁场能改善固态金属的力学性能,但性能改善的机制还不清楚。为研究交变磁场和静磁场对固态金属力学性能的影响,分别将单晶铝在施加和不施加交变磁场的条件下于250和325℃加热6 h随后空冷。检测了单晶铝的力学性能和位错密度,并在静磁场中测定了硬度。结果表明:与未施加交变磁场在250℃加热的单晶铝相比,施加0.1 T交变磁场在相同温度加热的单晶铝屈服强度和断后伸长率分别提高了49.3%和24.7%,这是位错密度提高引起的位错强化和磁致塑性所致;当静磁场强度从0增加到0.6 T时,单晶铝的位错蚀坑数量增加了33%,硬度从28.0 HV0.1降低到了24.6 HV0.1。静磁场和交变磁场均影响单晶铝的力学性能,这与位错密度的变化有关,而自由基对中电子自旋状态的改变是位错密度变化的主要原因。     

BP/7A04铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能（英文）

采用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝基复合材料的显微组织和界面结构,对比研究7A04铝合金和BP/7A04铝基复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明:玄武岩颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布,并与铝基体形成强力结合界面,玄武岩颗粒边缘的Si O2不断被反应生成的Al2O3取代,形成一层几十纳米厚度的高温反应层,反应生成的Al2O3强化了玄武岩颗粒与铝基体的结合界面;弥散分布的玄武岩颗粒可促进基体中位错增殖、空位形成和析出相的析出,析出相主要以板状的η(Mg Zn2)相和亮白色条状或椭球状的T (Al2Mg3Zn3)相为主,结合界面、高位错密度及弥散分布的强化相显著提高复合材料的力学性能,BP/7A04铝基复合材料的屈服强度和极限拉伸强度分别达到665和699MPa,与未添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金相比分别提高11.4%和10.9%。     

时效对固溶+冷轧7075铝合金力学性能和显微组织的影响

采用拉伸测试、金相显微镜、XRD及TEM等方法,研究时效处理对经历固溶+冷轧的7075铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。力学性能测试表明:80、100、120℃时效均能显著提高合金强度并保持一定塑性。(475℃, 1 h固溶处理)+80%压下量冷轧+(80℃, 48 h)时效合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为773 MPa、720 MPa和5%。显微组织分析表明:相较于冷轧合金,时效合金强度的提高源于冷轧加工硬化(高的位错密度、高的轧制织构体积分数及细化的晶粒尺寸)和析出强化的共同作用;时效合金伸长率的改善与位错回复程度和析出相特征同时相关。此外,根据时效析出和位错回复特征,分析了时效过程中合金强度和伸长率的变化规律。     

冷轧压下量对时效6156铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、金相观察、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜等,研究了180 ℃/1 h欠时效+50~80%压下量冷轧+100 ℃/48 h再时效的6156铝合金组织和力学性能。拉伸测试表明,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂延伸率分别为515~564 MPa、472~551 MPa和5.7~11.1%,获得高强度和良好塑性。微观分析表明,合金强度源于形变强化和析出强化共同作用,并随压下量增加而增大;合金塑性改善源于位错密度下降和析出强化增强;拉伸断口上沿晶与穿晶断裂并存,增大压下量,韧窝变浅、数量增加。     

深冷处理对15%SiCp/2009铝基复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

采用硬度测试、X射线衍射物相分析、力学性能测试和透射电镜(TEM)观测等方式,研究长时间深冷处理对固溶-时效处理的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响,并从材料组织角度分析了深冷处理改善碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料力学性能的机理。结果表明,与未经深冷处理的时效态铝基复合材料相比,经深冷处理的铝基复合材料试样提前2 h达到硬度峰值,约211.7 HV0.1,且整个时效阶段硬度均高于未深冷处理试样;时效早期(欠时效)阶段,经深冷时效处理的颗粒增强铝基复合材料试样组织中存在细小且均匀分布的针状析出相,而对比时效试样组织未见明显析出现象; 过时效阶段中,深冷-时效试样与时效试样均存在大尺寸析出相,且后者析出相尺寸、分布明显不均匀,但两者的力学性能随时效时间的延长而趋于近乎一致,说明深冷处理的影响降低。     

挤压参数对SiC颗粒增强Mg-3.6Zn-0.6Y-0.2Ca基复合材料组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

研究了挤压前后Si C颗粒增强Mg-3.6Zn-0.6Y-0.2Ca基复合材料组织和力学性能。结果表明:随挤压速率或挤压温度的增加,再结晶晶粒的尺寸增加,体积分数则略有增加。随挤压速率的增加,动态析出相的尺寸增加,体积分数减小。当挤压温度设定为230℃时随挤压速率由0.01 mm/s增加到0.1 mm/s,或当挤压速率设定为0.1 mm/s时挤压温度由190℃增加到230℃,复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,而伸长率则逐渐增加。在优化的挤压参数(190℃,0.1 mm/s)下,挤压态复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为312.0 MPa,347.3 MPa和6.6%;其中晶粒细化对强度提升的贡献高于热错配强化与析出强化。     

热处理对SiCp/7075Al复合材料组织与性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对40 vol%含量SiC颗粒增强7075Al复合材料组织及性能影响。实验结果表明:SiC颗粒增强体没有改变基体合金中析出相的沉淀析出次序,但延迟了GP区的出现,并缩短了复合材料达到峰时效的时间;经峰时效处理与退火处理后复合材料的抗拉强度分别达到544 MPa与383 MPa。不同热处理工艺下复合材料基体合金中的位错组态以及析出相结构会对复合材料性能产生极大的影响。峰时效状态下,复合材料基体合金中同时存在的细针状沉淀相以及位错提高了复合材料的力学性能。而退火后,复合材料基体中形成了大量粗大的棒状沉淀相,并且位错基本消失,使得复合材料的力学性能降低。     

Dislocation-Induced Precipitation and Its Strengthening of Al–Cu–Li–Mg Alloys with High Mg

Generally, the good combination of pre-deformation and aging can improve the mechanical strength of the Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys. However, the effects of pre-deformation on competitive precipitation relationship and precipitation strengthening have not been clarified in detail in Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys with high Mg. In the present study, the effects of pre-deformation level on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al–2.95 Cu–1.55 Li–0.57 Mg–0.18 Zr alloy have been investigated. It is found that the introduction of dislocation by 5% pre-deformation can facilitate the precipitation of new successive composite precipitates and T _1 precipitates along the sub-grain boundaries or dislocations and inhibit the precipitation of dispersive GPB zones which is the main precipitates of the alloys without pre-deformation. The introduction of 5% pre-deformation can enhance the mechanical properties considerably. When the pre-deformation level increases from 5 to 15%, the number density of the successive composite precipitates and T _1 precipitates increases, and the aspect ratio of T _1 precipitates decreases. The decrease in T _1 precipitate aspect ratio and the increment of the successive composite precipitates result in the reduction in precipitation strengthening. Therefore, the increase in pre-deformation level from 5 to 15% does not further improve the mechanical properties of the alloys, although the dislocation strengthening increases continuously.     

结构钢中含铜析出相的时效强化作用

观察并研究了高纯Fe-1．03wt％Cu和Fe-1．65wt％Cu合金中含铜粒子的时效析出对屈服强度的影响、析出粒子尺寸的分布、以及析出粒子对位错运动的阻碍作用。用Frank-Read强化理论分析了析出粒子与屈服强度的定量关系。结果表明，析出粒子是含有一定铁的亚稳Cu-Fe相，且具有一定的塑性变形能力，从而使得含铜钢能在高强度的前提下仍具有高塑性的特征。含铜析出粒子不是刚性粒子，因而其强化效应低于传统的刚性化合物析出粒子。但析出粒子中含较多的铁，可促使粒子体积量明显增多，因此仍能实现很高的整体强化效应。增加析出粒子中的铜含量可以提高粒子对位错运动的阻力及与之相应的屈服强度。     

不同时效态7050铝合金时效成形中析出相对应力松弛行为的影响

铝合金时效成形方法结合了合金的蠕变松弛和析出强化作用,作为一种先进的整体壁板制造技术倍受航空制造业青睐。7xxx系铝合金在时效成形过程中的应力松弛行为受到合金内析出相与位错蠕变交互作用的影响从而制约着成形后零件质量与性能。本文采用设计的应力松弛试验研究了不同时效态(固溶态,欠时效态和峰时效态)7050铝合金内析出相对时效成形过程中应力松弛行为的影响,并通过位错热激活动力学参数计算和显微组织表征分析析出相与位错运动的交互作用。结果表明时效成形过程中析出相对位错热激活运动有明显地阻碍作用,因此含有不同尺度析出相铝合金的应力松弛行为表现不同,随着析出相尺度的增加合金应力松弛速率减缓,应力松弛极限增大。不同时效态7050铝合金位错激活体积计算和显微组织表征结果都证明了应力松弛过程中析出相增大对位错运动的阻碍作用也越显著。峰时效态7050铝合金的位错激活体积最大,时效成形后塑性应变的转化率最低。此外,时效成形过程中,7050铝合金内析出相对位错热激活的阻碍作用引起了槛应力现象,且随着析出相的增大槛应力也逐渐增大。     

含Co不锈钢析出相的模拟研究与强韧性能变化

采用数值模拟、组织表征和性能测试等方法，研究了添加Co对马氏体时效硬化不锈钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。根据Thermo Calc热力学及动力学计算结果：6wt%Co条件下，ε-Cu相的析出温度升高且孕育时间变长，相同时效条件下ε Cu相的平均半径会逐渐减小。借助光学显微镜（OM）及透射电镜（TEM）分析发现，固溶+时效处理后含Co试验钢超低碳板条马氏体细化，弥散分布的ε Cu相尺寸变小且析出量增加，薄膜状逆变奥氏体数量增多且尺寸增大。由于板条马氏体的位错强化、ε-Cu相的析出强化以及逆变奥氏体相的增韧作用，含Co试验钢的抗拉强度、硬度、伸长率及冲击吸收能量分别达到1346 MPa、433 HV0.5、16%和73 J。     

Determining the effect of microstructure and heat treatment on the mechanical strengthening behavior of an aluminum alloy containing lithium precipitation hardened with the δ′ Al3Li intermetallic phase

The effect of the thermal treatment and composition on microstructure and subsequent mechanical behavior of an Al-2.6 wt.% Li-0.09 wt.% Zr alloy that was solution heat treated (SHT) and artificially aged for a series of aging times and temperatures was studied. The underaged, peakaged, and overaged thermal heat treatments were studied to determine the effect of the microstructure and processing on the mechanical properties. The precipitates in the microstructure, which impede dislocation motion and control the precipitation strengthening response as a function of aging practice, were analyzed as the basis for controlling the strengthening depending on their size distribution, average size, and interparticle spacing. The average particle size, spacing, and size distribution were determined from the microstructure as a function of the thermal processing and composition. For the demonstration alloy, the primary strengthening was a direct consequence of ordered coherent Al₃Li (δ′) intermetallic precipitates, which are uniformly distributed throughout the microstructure and restrict the glide motion of dislocations during plastic deformation. The Al₃Li average particle size, distribution, spacing, and volume fraction are closely related to the overall mechanical behavior and are a result of the heat treating practice and composition. Consequently, a micromechanical model was developed for predicting the precipitation hardening response in terms of the variation in polycrystalline strength with aging time, aging temperature, and composition. The overall micromechanical model, which was determined from the particle coarsening kinetics, dislocation mechanics, thermodynamics, resolved shear stress, as well as the dislocation particle shearing and bypassing mechanisms, accurately predicted the mechanical strength in the underaged, peak-aged, and overaged tempers of the demonstration alloy.     

拉/压冷变形对2A14铝合金时效强化的影响

利用X射线衍射仪和DSC差热扫描量热仪进行测试,结合铝合金的析出相强化和位错强化理论模型,研究了在固溶-拉/压冷变形-时效过程中2A14铝合金强度的变化规律。结果表明:相比于压缩冷变形,拉伸冷变形引入的位错密度较大,因而位错强化作用更强;拉伸冷变形欠时效阶段(θ相析出之前)促进合金中强化相θ′相的析出,过时效阶段(θ相析出之后)抑制θ相的析出,拉伸冷变形的析出强化效果更好。经过拉伸冷变形的2A14铝合金时效强化效果更加显著。     

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通过采用扫描电镜、透射电镜及电子能谱等分析测试技术,研究了高铌管线钢的显微组织特征和析出相种类、大小及形态.结果表明,采用控轧控冷工艺(TMCP)生产的高铌管线钢具有细化的显微组织和多种类型的析出相,显微组织主要为高位错密度的针状铁素体、少量多边形铁素体和MA岛;第二相粒子主要包括板坯再加热过程中未溶解的TiN、以TiN为核心的高温析出NbC、形变诱导析出的NbC和低温弥散析出的细小NbC.细化的有效晶粒尺寸,以及高密度位错与弥散析出相间的交互作用,确保了高铌管线钢获得高的强度和韧性.     

Effect of large cold deformation after solution treatment on precipitation characteristic and deformation strengthening of 2024 and 7A04 aluminum alloys

1Introduction Studies on thermomechanical treatment of aluminum alloy can date from the1960s[1,2].A great deal of achievements concerning this study has been obtained after near40years of development[3?7].Among them,the achievement of intermediate thermom…     

Local microstructure and its influence on precipitation behavior in hot deformed Nimonic 80a

The influence of local microstructure on the kinetics of heterogeneous carbide precipitation was investigated in hot deformed, commercial nickel-based superalloys Nimonic 80a. The as-deformed alloys were aged at 1073 K for different times, and precipitation characteristics were examined by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. M₂₃C₆ precipitates were found to nucleate at grain boundaries, but in particular also on dislocation lines and boundaries of subgrains. In the early stages of ageing, the kinetics of carbide precipitation is enhanced and the average carbide size is smaller as a result of deformation. An influence of the degree of recrystallization on overall carbide kinetics is also found, which is attributed to differences in the amount of bulk carbides as compared to carbides at grain boundaries. In contrast to the behavior of carbides, the kinetics of the homogeneously distributed γ′ precipitates is not influenced by prior deformation.     

Microstructural and precipitation characterization in Nb-Mo microalloyed steels: Estimation of the contributions to the strength

The influence of coiling temperature on the final microstructure and precipitation has been analyzed in several low carbon Nb and Nb-Mo microalloyed steels. A throughout characterization of the complex microstructures has been performed using electron backscattered diffraction, measuring low and high angle unit sizes, microstructural substructure, as well as quantifying the homogeneity. An important microstructural refinement is observed for all compositions as the coiling temperature decreases. Regarding precipitation, the coiling temperature strongly modifies the size and density of the fine precipitates, being 550 °C the optimal coiling temperature for the Nb-Mo steels. The addition of Mo to Nb steels provides a refinement of the precipitates and, therefore, enhances their contribution to strengthening. Considering all the microstructural and precipitation quantification data, the yield strength was estimated and the contribution of the different mechanisms calculated. The grain size contribution is proven to be the most important factor regarding strengthening, followed by dislocation density and precipitation especially at low coiling temperatures and Nb-Mo steels.