电流密度对脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

通过脉冲电镀技术在Q235钢基体上制备出Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。研究了电流密度对镀层表面形貌、成分、沉积速率及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随着电流密度的增大,沉积速率先增大再减小;镀层中锰含量升高,锌、镍含量降低。随电流密度增加,该镀层随耐蚀性先增强后减弱。电流密度为3.0 A·dm~(-2)时,所得Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层平整致密,耐蚀性最好。Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性比在5.0%NaOH溶液中更好。     

镁合金在硅酸盐体系中微弧氧化膜层的性能研究

利用交流微弧氧化装置对AZ91D镁合金在硅酸盐体系中进行了微弧氧化处理,并通过扫描电镜、电化学测试技术和表面性能测试仪等研究了氧化时间和电流密度对微弧氧化膜层表面形貌、厚度、耐蚀性、摩擦磨损性能和结合力的影响.结果表明：随氧化时间和电流密度的增大,镁合金微弧氧化膜层中微孔的数量减少,但微孔的直径和表面粗糙度增大.膜层厚度随氧化时间和电流密度的增加呈线性增大,但与基体的结合力明显降低.镁合金微弧氧化膜层的耐蚀性和耐磨性随氧化时间和电流密度的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势.镁合金在硅酸盐体系中微弧氧化处理的最佳工艺为氧化时间40min、电流密度0.20A/cm2.     

CLAM钢表面室温离子液体电镀铝

采用AlCl_3-EMIC离子液体在室温下对国产低活性铁素体/马氏体钢(CLAM钢)表面进行镀铝处理。研究了镀前处理对镀层-基体界面的影响。采用SEM、EDS分析了不同电流密度对镀层表面形貌与界面形貌的影响,同时与脉冲电镀所得结果进行了比较。结果表明:在电化学前处理过程中,增大电流密度会增强镀层与基底结合力;电流脉冲的加入可以减弱溶液浓差极化现象,增加表面组织致密性;镀层晶粒大小随电流密度增大而减小,镀层球状组织随电流密度增大而增大。在优化的电镀工艺下(前处理电流密度控制在10 mA/cm~2以上,电镀电流密度控制在10~20 mA/cm~2,对应的电镀时间45~95 min,优选脉冲电流电镀),得到的铝镀层表面光滑,致密,结合力强,厚度可控。     

电流密度和施镀温度对铝合金表面Ni-SiC-MoS2复合镀层显微组织的影响

目的研究电镀工艺参数中的电流密度和施镀温度对铝合金表面Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层组织形貌及成分的影响。方法利用复合电镀的方法在铝合金上制备Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪以及显微硬度仪,分析不同电流密度和施镀温度下复合镀层的组织结构、成分、界面之间的结合情况以及显微硬度。结果电流密度为4 A/dm2时,镀层与基体的结合差,镀层表面粗糙不平;当电流密度增加到5 A/dm2时,镀层与基体结合紧密,并且镀层表面平整;当电流密度增大到6 A/dm2时,镀层表面平整度变差。施镀温度为40℃时,镀层厚度较薄;施镀温度为50℃时,镀层与基体结合良好,镀层表面平整;当施镀温度上升到60℃时,镀层与基体结合处出现裂纹,镀层质量下降。随电流密度和施镀温度的升高,镀层中Si C和MoS_2摩尔分数先增加后减小,显微硬度先增大后减小。结论采用复合电镀的方法在铝合金表面可以制备出Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层,当电流密度为5 A/dm2、施镀温度为50℃时,制备出的Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层表面平整,厚度均匀,Si C与MoS_2摩尔分数可分别达到10.40%和0.77%。复合镀层的显微硬度与其Si C含量成正比,最高可达357.7HV0.01,是基体合金硬度的3.7倍。     

S135钻杆钢表面Fe-Ni-W合金镀工艺

利用正交试验,选择温度、主盐浓度等4个因素,通过极差分析,确定了S135钻杆钢电沉积Fe-Ni-W合金镀层的最佳制备工艺,研究了镀液pH值、电流密度以及柠檬酸钠对镀层的组分、显微硬度和沉积速率的影响。结果表明：在本试验的制备条件下,获得的合金镀层结构为非晶态;随着镀液PH升高,镀层显微硬度先增大后减小,沉积速率总体呈下降趋势;镀层沉积速率随电流密度增加也逐渐增大,当电流密度从6 A/dm2增大到15 A/dm2时,合金硬度增加趋势较大,从320 HV到540 HV;当增加镀液中的柠檬酸钠含量,铁和钨均呈现增加趋势,而镍含量却出现下降趋势,同时,镀层硬度先增大后减小,沉积速率逐渐减小。     

电沉积条件对Pd-Co合金微观相结构和耐蚀性的影响

利用X射线衍射分析和动电位扫描技术等测试手段,考察电沉积工艺条件对Pd-Co合金镀层微观相结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：钯钴合金沉积层的晶粒尺寸D（111）随电流密度、pH值和沉积时间的增加呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,随着镀液温度的升高而不断增大;当电流密度为1.0A/dm^2,pH值为8.3,沉积时间为30min时,其晶粒尺寸最小,为8.2396nm;当电流密度为1.0A/dm^2,镀液温度为35℃,pH值为8.3时,钯钴合金沉积层的耐蚀性最强;而沉积时间对合金耐蚀性的影响不大。     

电流密度对电镀铁-钨非晶合金镀层的影响

利用电镀技术在钢基体表面制备了铁一钨非晶合金镀层.采用SEM,EDS和XRD等方法分别研究了镀层表面形貌、成分和结构随电流密度的变化规律,获取了不同电流密度下的阴极电流效率、镀层厚度和显微硬度.研究表明:随着电流密度的增加,镀层颗粒和孔隙增大,且孔隙有增多的趋势,钨含量略有降低,阴极电流效率降低,镀层增厚且硬度降低.此外,还分析了电流密度的改变引起镀层形貌、钨含量、阴极电流效率、镀层厚度和硬度发生变化的原因.     

Ni-Fe合金镀层的微观结构与耐腐蚀性

在铜表面电沉积不同铁含量的Ni-Fe合金镀层。利用XRD、SEM和EDS表征了镀层的微观结构和成分,并对镀层硬度和耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明:Ni-Fe合金镀层的铁含量随镀液中铁离子浓度的增大呈线性增加,它们均为简单面心立方固溶体结构;铁含量低于32.81%时,各镀层硬度均较高,铁含量增大至40.7%时,硬度显著降低;随着镀层中Fe含量的增加,镀层的耐腐蚀性能先减弱后增强,铁含量为32.81%的镀层表现出较好的耐蚀性,但铁含量增大至40.7%后,镀层的耐蚀性又变差。镍铁合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液的腐蚀行为表现为不均匀点蚀。     

工艺参数对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层性能的影响

用电沉积方法在铜表面制备了Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层。研究了工艺参数对复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,镀层硬度随阴极电流密度、镀液温度的增大均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;而随镀液中纳米ZrO2的添加量增加,镀层的硬度逐渐增大;镀层的耐磨性随这几个工艺参数的增加先增加后减小;镀层的耐蚀性随着电流密度的升高先下降再升高,随着镀液中纳米ZrO2添加量、镀液温度的增加,镀层的耐蚀性先升高再下降。本工作中最佳的工艺参数为纳米ZrO2添加量8g/L,阴极电流密度3A/dm2,镀液温度50℃左右。     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金的影响

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH 值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明: 镀液pH 值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH = 4,温度60 ℃,电流密度4 A/dm2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g /L 时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).