TC4钛合金直/斜氩弧焊缝疲劳性能研究

针对TC4钛合金氩弧直、斜焊缝的疲劳性能展开对比研究,对氩弧直、斜焊缝的微观组织和疲劳性能进行了对比测试与分析。结果表明:TC4钛合金氩弧焊焊缝显微组织原始β相不断长大,与母材区相比晶粒更粗大;斜焊缝试件的中值疲劳寿命是直焊缝的1.4倍;直、斜焊缝试件疲劳裂纹均起始于试件内部气孔缺陷处,直焊缝试件裂纹在焊缝区扩展至断裂,扩展区有脆性解理特征,而斜焊缝试样裂纹穿过焊缝进入母材扩展至断裂,扩展区有典型韧性扩展特征;在瞬断区,斜焊缝试件比直焊缝表现出更好的韧性。     

大角度激光填丝双面焊碳钢车体结构T形接头疲劳性能分析北大核心

针对2.5 mm和3 mm的碳钢材料的T形接头熔透焊接,采用ER50-G焊丝作为填充金属,对优化工艺参数焊接的T形接头的疲劳性能进行试验,对断口的宏观及微观断裂特征进行了分析。结果表明:指定寿命为1×10~7次循环下,激光填丝焊T形接头的中值疲劳极限σ_(0.1)为222.5 MPa;疲劳试件均断裂于焊趾部位,主要是由于该处存在较大的应力集中;断裂试件疲劳裂纹的启裂区和启裂扩展区具有典型的疲劳断裂特征,疲劳条带清晰,扩展区的大小随疲劳循环次数的增加而增大,瞬断区断口形貌均为大小不一的浅韧窝。研究结果可为激光填丝焊的车体结构工程化应用提供数据支持。     

大角度激光填丝双面焊碳钢车体结构T形接头疲劳性能分析

针对2.5 mm和3 mm的碳钢材料的T形接头熔透焊接,采用ER50-G焊丝作为填充金属,对优化工艺参数焊接的T形接头的疲劳性能进行试验,对断口的宏观及微观断裂特征进行了分析。结果表明:指定寿命为1×10~7次循环下,激光填丝焊T形接头的中值疲劳极限σ_(0.1)为222.5 MPa;疲劳试件均断裂于焊趾部位,主要是由于该处存在较大的应力集中;断裂试件疲劳裂纹的启裂区和启裂扩展区具有典型的疲劳断裂特征,疲劳条带清晰,扩展区的大小随疲劳循环次数的增加而增大,瞬断区断口形貌均为大小不一的浅韧窝。研究结果可为激光填丝焊的车体结构工程化应用提供数据支持。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳性能

通过疲劳寿命试验、断口和金相组织观察,研究了2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳断裂特征,分析讨论了搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中产生的焊缝根部"吻接"缺陷对其疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝根部"吻接"缺陷是影响搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳行为的主要因素.无"吻接"缺陷试样断裂于焊缝前进边侧,疲劳裂纹起源于焊缝底部,接头具有较高疲劳寿命;有"吻接"缺陷试样断裂于焊核中心,疲劳裂纹起源于"吻接"处,接头疲劳寿命较短.     

焊接工艺对6082-T6铝合金对接接头疲劳性能的影响

对6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊和MIG焊的对接接头分别进行脉动拉伸疲劳试验,并对试件的疲劳断口进行扫描电镜分析,结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳极限较高,搅拌摩擦焊接头断裂位置主要集中在背面焊缝边缘; MIG焊接头断裂位置主要集中在热影响区。启裂区和扩展区疲劳纹清晰;终断区为深韧窝型韧性断口。     

激光冲击TC17钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展试验

为研究激光冲击强化对钛合金试件疲劳性能的影响,在标准试件的裂纹扩展路径上设计了全强化和间隔强化两种不同的强化方案,研究激光冲击强化对试件疲劳寿命和裂纹稳定扩展时速率的影响规律,利用有限元数值模拟和X射线残余应力测试获得了试件的残余应力场分布状态,并对比分析了试件的断口形貌和微观组织特征。结果表明:相比于未强化试件,激光冲击强化后试件的平均疲劳寿命分别提高了2.14倍和1.90倍,两种不同的冲击强化方法分别降低钛合金试件的裂纹扩展速率24%和15%。间隔强化后试件表面产生-512 MPa的最大残余压应力,裂纹扩展的C′值为-7.3,m值为2.6,而强化间隔区引入最大值为82.4 MPa的残余拉应力,裂纹扩展速率急剧升高,C′值减小至-13.6,m值为8.0。当裂纹扩展到强化区时,扩展速率再次降低,激光冲击强化对TC17钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展有显著的抑制作用。     

Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头疲劳性能EI北大核心CSCD

对0.5 mm厚Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头进行疲劳试验,结合应力-寿命(S-N)曲线和疲劳断口形貌,研究母材及焊接接头的疲劳性能,分析母材和焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:0.5 mm Hastelloy C-276薄板焊接接头和母材的S-N曲线斜率基本相同,焊接接头疲劳性能和母材的基本相当;母材疲劳断口疲劳裂纹起源于试样侧表面,主要沿宽度方向扩展,随着应力的减小,疲劳源数目减少,疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小;焊接接头在母材和焊缝处随机断裂,焊接接头母材区断口形貌和母材断口形貌基本一致,而焊接接头焊缝区断口的疲劳裂纹起源于侧表面棱角处和焊缝表面,焊缝表面是主要疲劳源,裂纹主要沿厚度方向进行扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展区呈现出准解理断裂特征。     

哈氏合金薄板激光填丝焊接接头高周疲劳性能

为了评价激光薄板填丝焊接接头的高周疲劳性能,利用升降试验法评价了指定2×10~6周次寿命的0.7 mm厚激光填丝焊接接头样件高周疲劳强度,借助扫描电子显微镜分析了断口及断裂位置。结果显示,激光填丝焊接接头的高周疲劳强度为396.6 MPa,断口形貌显示近无夹杂物,裂纹源区呈解理特征,裂纹主要为沿晶扩展,在裂纹扩展区呈现典型的疲劳条纹特征,且条纹间距随裂纹扩展长度的延长而加宽,瞬断区主要呈现与拉伸断口一致的韧窝形貌。观察断口截貌可知,裂纹主要在焊缝上表面焊趾附近萌生,并沿板厚方向扩展,在沿焊接方向扩展过程中会跨越熔合线,在焊缝区内和相邻母材区内扩展。     

Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头疲劳性能

对0.5 mm厚Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头进行疲劳试验,结合应力-寿命(S-N)曲线和疲劳断口形貌,研究母材及焊接接头的疲劳性能,分析母材和焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:0.5 mm Hastelloy C-276薄板焊接接头和母材的S-N曲线斜率基本相同,焊接接头疲劳性能和母材的基本相当;母材疲劳断口疲劳裂纹起源于试样侧表面,主要沿宽度方向扩展,随着应力的减小,疲劳源数目减少,疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小;焊接接头在母材和焊缝处随机断裂,焊接接头母材区断口形貌和母材断口形貌基本一致,而焊接接头焊缝区断口的疲劳裂纹起源于侧表面棱角处和焊缝表面,焊缝表面是主要疲劳源,裂纹主要沿厚度方向进行扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展区呈现出准解理断裂特征。     

高速列车用A6N01-T5铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接头疲劳性能研究

采用显微硬度和拉伸性能测试对比了激光-单丝脉冲MIG复合焊和MIG焊接的4 mm厚A6N01-T5铝合金板接头的力学性能。通过高周疲劳测试、疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验以及疲劳断口分析,探讨了激光-MIG复合焊接头的疲劳性能和断裂行为。结果表明,与母材相比,复合焊接头和MIG焊接头焊后均发生强度损失现象,且MIG焊接头的损失程度更为严重。复合焊接头疲劳寿命随应力幅的增加而减小,且同一应力幅下,寿命分布具有分散性,50%存活率下A6N01铝合金复合焊接头的疲劳强度为104 MPa,为母材(117 MPa)的88.9%。A6N01铝合金母材和复合焊接头的da/d N-ΔK曲线存在交叉现象,当ΔK18.63 MPa·m~(1/2)时,焊缝的裂纹扩展速率慢于母材,认为可以安全可靠地进行服役。复合焊接头疲劳裂纹由加工缺陷处萌生,裂纹源区呈现类解理河流花样;裂纹稳定扩展区未发现疲劳条带;瞬断区存在大小不一的韧窝和较为尖锐的撕裂棱,呈现准解理断裂和韧性断裂的混合断裂形式。     

A model of heating a flux-cored wire in arc metallizing and analysis of the structure of the coating

Summary

This paper describes HAZ‐notched CTOD tests of multipass welds in SMYS = 420–460 MPa class high‐strength steels for offshore structural applications. The weld metal strength overmatch causes different fracture behaviour depending on the actual CGHAZ toughness. When the CGHAZ is completely embrittled, the weld metal strength overmatch leads to the lower bound critical CTOD value. This is due to elevation of the local stress in the CGHAZ caused by the restraint effect of the overmatched weld metal. The fracture surface is generally flat, and brittle fracture originates from the CGHAZ sampled by the fatigue crack front. A larger fraction of the CGHAZ along the crack front gives a smaller critical CTOD value. When the CGHAZ has moderate toughness, however, the weld metal strength overmatch may produce a higher critical CTOD value at brittle fracture initiation. This is due to crack growth path deviation towards the base metal. Plastic deformation preferentially accumulates to a greater extent on the softer base metal side before the critical stress conditions for brittle fracture initiation occur in the CGHAZ. This asymmetrical plastic deformation promotes deviation of ductile crack growth from the crack tip CGHAZ. In this case, the critical CTOD value does not always reflect the CGHAZ toughness itself.

A notch location nearer the weld metal sometimes causes fracture initiation in the weld metal if the fatigue crack tip samples the CGHAZ. Such experimental data do not reflect the real CGHAZ toughness.

The significance of the critical CTOD value obtained in the tests must be determined in the fracture toughness evaluation of the weld CGHAZ. This paper presents a procedure for evaluation of CTOD test results obtained for HAZ‐notched welds that considers the strength mismatch effect.     

INFLUENCE OF LOCAL BRITTLE ZONE ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOYED MULTIPASS WELD METALS

1.IntroductionManyillvestigatiolls[1--5]havefOllndthattilelocalbrittlezone(LBZ)playsanimportantroleinfyacturetoughnessofheat--affectedzoneinthebasemetalfornormalizedandthermomechanicallycontrolledprocessingsteels,aswellasdirectquellchedandtemperedsteels.Therearefewreportsaboutthisphellomellainhigh-strengtllmllltipassweldmetals.Inmultipasswelds,thereareprimaryweldmetalandweldmetalreheatedtovarioustemperaturesbythesubsequentbeads[6'71.Thereheatedregionfinderabeadcanbedividedintoacoarsegrainedz…     

Fracture toughness and fatigue crack behaviour of A3003/SUS304 lap friction stir welded joints

Friction stir welding (FSW) can weld dissimilar metal joints without a thick and brittle intermetallic compound layer at the weld interface. In this study, the dissimilar lap joint of A3003 aluminium alloy and SUS304 stainless steel was successfully welded by FSW, and the joint obtained was tested to examine the properties of fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate. Its fracture toughness was different by the directions of crack propagation. The fracture toughness of advancing side (AS) to retreating side (RS) was stronger than that of RS to AS, and that of cryogenic temperature was stronger than that of room temperature. Its fatigue crack growth rate also showed the same tendency as its fracture toughness. These data were compared with the past data and discussed.     

TC4钛合金薄板激光焊接接头的疲劳寿命及断口分析

研究了TC4钛合金薄板激光焊接接头及母材的疲劳性能,并对其疲劳断口进行了观察.结果表明,接头的疲劳寿命在低应力水平时高于母材,在高应力水平时低于母材.母材疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面;在裂纹扩展区有平行排列的弯曲的二次裂纹和期间更细的疲劳辉纹,瞬断区为细小的等轴韧窝.焊缝疲劳裂纹起源于表面的气孔,源区有笔直且平行排列的二次裂纹;在裂纹扩展区,断口形貌与组织有关,细晶区为韧窝,在细晶与柱状晶交界处为敞口浅韧窝,柱状晶和粗晶区为晶粒大小的刻面,上有大量的微剪切滑移带,断裂机理为滑移带形成及开裂.     

Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth of AISI 316L stainless steel weld

The fatigue crack growth behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) welds in air and gaseous hydrogen were evaluated, and further compared with the base plate. In air, the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of the weld after heat-treatment at 1050 ^oC/1 h was similar to that of the base metal. Furthermore, all specimens became susceptible to hydrogen-accelerated crack growth. Mainly quasi-cleavage fracture related with the strain-induced martensite accounted for the accelerated crack growth in hydrogen. A smaller amount of martensite in the weld was responsible for the decreased susceptibility to hydrogen-enhanced fatigue crack growth relative to the base metal.     

Fatigue crack growth rate in underwater wet welds: out of water evaluation

The characteristics of fatigue crack propagation in welds produced in conventional conditions (welds made out of water) and in underwater repair welding conditions (underwater wet welding) were evaluated out of water. The fatigue crack growth rates da/dN showed considerable dependence on pore density and distribution, factors that vary significantly with the welding process and the environment. Variations in the fatigue crack propagation rate were correlated with analysis of the fracture surface in the zone of stable crack propagation. The results of this study show that the underwater wet welding procedure produces weld metal resistant to fatigue, which is suitable for use at low applied stresses in offshore structures.     

电磁耦合处理对Ti2AlNb合金电子束焊缝疲劳寿命的影响研究

在航空发动机机匣的焊接过程中,焊缝作为薄弱部位,将直接影响整个机匣的疲劳性能及服役寿命。通常采用焊后热处理消除焊接热应力,均匀焊缝组织,提高焊缝性能,但对于疲劳寿命的改善效果不明显。本研究创新性地提出电磁耦合处理技术,对热处理后的Ti₂AlNb合金电子束焊缝进行调控,提升焊接接头的疲劳寿命,同时研究了在电磁耦合作用下焊缝区材料组织演变规律。结果表明,焊缝疲劳极限由134.2MPa增至159.4MPa,提升18.8%。经电磁耦合处理后,焊缝区域的残余压应力最高提升128.7%。同时,在不改变材料组织和相成分的情况下,在材料内部生成位错墙与位错纠缠,疲劳裂纹源由表层移至次表层,疲劳裂纹扩展速度降低,使得疲劳性能提升。焦耳热效应、电子风力效应与磁致塑性效应的耦合作用促进了位错运动,同时增强了疲劳裂纹扩展障碍。本研究为提升焊缝疲劳寿命提供了一种新方法,并为电磁耦合处理提升焊缝疲劳性能提供了可行性依据。     

2024-T4铝合金FSW接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为及寿命预测

基于ABAQUS与FRANC 3D联合仿真的方法,对2024-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头预制裂纹于不同部位的紧凑拉伸试样进行裂纹扩展分析以及寿命预测,并深入分析不同部位裂纹扩展行为存在差异性的原因.结果表明,随着裂纹长度的不断延长,裂纹尖端应力强度因子随之增大,且裂纹向前扩展路径基本沿直线扩展,ABAQUS与FRANC 3D联合仿真方法分析不同部位的裂纹尖端应力强度因子和裂纹扩展路径的理论计算和试验结果基本吻合,验证了分区域进行联合仿真的模型精度满足要求.不同部位裂纹扩展试样寿命预测结果与试验结果的相对误差均在5%左右,对焊接接头分区域联合仿真进行寿命预测是准确可行的.裂纹位于不同部位的扩展试样断口处的疲劳辉纹间距不同导致预制裂纹于3个部位的疲劳寿命由低到高为：热影响区、垂直于焊缝方向、焊核区.     

Fatigue properties of ferrite/bainite dual-phase X80 pipeline steel welded joints

Fatigue properties are important parameters for the safety design and security evaluation of pipelines. In this work, fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation of full-thickness X80 pipeline steel joints compared with the base metal (BM) was investigated. Full-thickness BM specimens showed superior fatigue life compared with that of welded joints. The fatigue crack initiation of full-thickness X80 welded joint specimens occurred at the outside weld toe and then grew inward until a fracture was formed. During fatigue crack growth in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), crack growth rate linearly increased with increased ΔK in each HAZ subregion. However, the change rate of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) differed among HAZ subregions. This difference was related to the variation in crack path and fracture mode because of the possible microstructural sensitivity of fatigue crack propagation behaviour.