溶胶-凝胶法制备Ru-Ir-Ti/Ti阳极涂层及性能研究

应用溶胶.凝胶法制备Ru-Ir/Ti/Ti氧化物阳极涂层.SEM、XRD、电子探针、极化曲线、电流效率实验表明,由溶胶-凝胶法制备的氧化物涂层比热分解法制备的氧化物涂层的分散性好、形成固溶体充分、电流效率高:由溶胶-凝胶法制备的氧化物涂层的失效是由于生成不导电的TiO2引起,而由热分解法制备的氧化物涂层的失效是由于活性氧化物涂层的溶解引起.     

铈锆固溶体对贵金属整体样催化剂氧化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了不同铈锆比的粉末铈锆固溶体,考察了铈锆比和铈锆固溶体负载量对浸渍法制备的颗粒状和整体样贵金属催化剂上C3H6(丙烯)氧化反应催化性能的影响,并运用XRD和TPD表征技术对催化剂的物化性能进行研究.结果表明,所制备的催化剂中均形成了铈锆固溶体,并且铈锆含量的增加能够提高催化剂对C3H6的吸附能力.当铈锆固溶体的负载量相同时,在氧化气氛和较低贵金属含量条件下、Ceo.6Zro.4O2的加入使催化剂在低温时具有最好的催化效果.但与Pt/A12O3相比,采用浸渍法添加铈锆固溶体降低了贵金属整体样催化剂的活性,且活性随着负载量的增加显著降低.     

铈锆复合氧化物的研究、应用与展望

铈锆复合氧化物因具有独特的储放氧特性，在汽车尾气催化净化领域有着广阔的应用前景。目前，世界汽车领域铈锆产品需求量约6000t，国内需求量不足1000t，预测未来10年国内需求可突破3000t。文章论述了铈锆复合氧化物的合成方法，指出共沉淀法及其改进方法最具成本优势。介绍了后处理方法和产品组分发展状况及国内铈锆生产厂家的生产技术现状及与国外的差距。     

氧化锌铝的典型性能与研究进展

氧化锌铝是一种具有广阔应用前景和发展潜力的复合氧化物半导体材料。介绍ZAO材料的透明导电性、光致发光和红外发射等典型性能;讨论溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、沸水回流法和共沉淀法等粉体制备方法;阐述ZAO靶材的制备方法;分析溶胶-凝胶、金属化学气相沉积、磁控溅射、脉冲激光沉积和热喷雾分解等ZAO薄膜的制备技术;最后指出ZAO的发展方向。     

新型稀土储氧材料的性能及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了铈锆复合氧化物CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3(CZ-Y)和CeO2-ZrO2(CZ),对其进行了BET、TPD和储氧量(OSC)的表征,并考察了这两种铈锆复合氧化物对Pt-Rh型三效催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,含CZ-Y的催化剂具有较好的低温活性和抗老化性能.     

镨铽掺杂铈锆复合氧化物的氧缓冲作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备三效催化剂促进剂Ce0.6Zr0.4O2、Ce0.6Zr0.35Pr0.05O2-y和Ce0.6Zr0.4-xTbxO2-y(x=0.05,0.10,0.15),将其作为水洗层的储氧组分.制备的三效催化剂的活性测试表明,在铈锆氧化物固溶体储氧材料中掺杂少量Pr和Tb,可降低三效催化剂对CO、C3H6和NO的起燃温度.以C3H6的转化率为水洗层氧缓冲能力的探针,实验发现,含储氧材料的水涂层在贫氧气氛中,起到氧缓冲的作用,提高C3H6的转化率.通过实验和理论推导得出表征三效催化剂氧缓冲能力大小的参数K.此方法简单可行,表征的结果与以起燃温度表征的三效催化剂氧化还原活性的实验结果相一致.     

Pd/CeCoOx催化剂上Pd组分分散性改进及其NGVs尾气净化性能

近年来,天然气汽车（NGVs）尾气净化三效催化剂的研究主要集中在具有高分散性的负载型贵金属催化剂。本文利用金属有机骨架（MOFs）模板法制备了纳米结构的CeCoOx复合氧化物作为载体,并与传统溶胶-凝胶法（SG）制备的铈钴氧化物比较,探究了贵金属Pd在两种催化剂载体上的分散状态及其对催化性能的影响。结果表明,以CeCo-MOFs材料为前驱体衍生制备的Pd/CeCoOx(M)催化剂其CO、NO、CH4三效催化性能相比溶胶-凝胶法制备的相同组成Pd/CeCoOx(SG)催化剂低了约100 ℃左右,具有更低的低温活性。以CeCo-MOFs为前驱体衍生制备的铈钴复合氧化物晶体粒子更小,晶相结构均匀,具有更大的比表面积,促进了Pd组分分散状态的提高,也丰富了催化剂的氧空位和结构缺陷,显著提高了催化剂的低温三效催化性能。利用MOFs前驱体热分解得到的复合氧化物可以作为三效催化贵金属活性组分分散的良好材料。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化锆粉体

以正丙醇锆为锆源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZrO2粉体。研究了硝酸含量对凝胶时间及热处理温度对ZrO2晶型的影响规律。通过控制硝酸含量可以有效改变凝胶时间;通过锆醇盐水解缩聚制备的ZrO2干凝胶,在低温下热处理首先形成ZrO2四方相,在较高温度热处理后才转变为单斜相;锆醇盐水解缩聚制备的氧化锆粉体在1200℃以后烧结过程明显加快。     

脉冲激光沉积镀膜工艺中不同靶材制备方法对La_(0.72)Ca_(0.28)MnO_3薄膜电学性能和激光感生电压的影响（英文）

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在单晶LaAlO3(100)平衬底和15°倾斜衬底上制备La0.72Ca0.28MnO3薄膜。在镀膜过程中分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和共沉淀法制备靶材。研究不同方法制备的靶材和相应的薄膜的结构、电输运性能和表面形貌。与共沉淀法相比,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的靶材具有更加均匀的组分和更大的致密度以及晶粒尺寸,因此具有更高的绝缘体-金属转变温度和更大的电阻温度系数。采用溶胶-凝胶靶材制备的薄膜,其晶粒尺寸更均匀、生长质量更好,绝缘体-金属转变温度高20 K,激光感生电压也更大。因此,使用溶胶-凝胶方法制备靶材可以大幅提高脉冲激光沉积方法中薄膜的性能。     

不同方法制备的ODSRAFM钢的结构和性能比较

比较了机械合金化法、溶胶-凝胶-等离子体烧结法和真空熔炼法三种方法制备的氧化物弥散强化低活化铁素体/马氏体钢的结构和性能。机械合金化方法和溶胶-凝胶-等离子体烧结法制备得到的材料氧化物粒子达到纳米级;真空熔炼方法可制备出微米级大小的氧化物弥散强化材料。上述方法制备的材料强度均得到改进。     

钛基复合材料的红外渗透和连接

迄今人们在Ｂｉ系超导体粉末制备中尝试和应用过的方法有：传统的固态反应法，溶液自蔓延高温合成法，共沉淀法，溶胶－凝胶法，冰冻干燥法，溶剂蒸发法以及微乳胶基粉末合成法，本文详细论述了这些方法的原理、优缺点及其在Ｂｉ系超导体粉末制备中的应用。     

An approach to predict the solid film thickness possibly yielded from an alumina sol-gel liquid film

The Landau-Levich-Derjaguin (LLD) equation is widely used to predict the thickness of wet layer deposited on substrate by dip-coating. But it cannot effectively predict the solid film thickness yielded from the sol-gel liquid layer. Considering the solid content, the amount of solution sticking to the surface of substrate and the density of the sol-gel derived solids materials are the main factors determining the solid film thickness, a new approach capable of directly predicting what an oxide film thickness of a liquid layer on the substrate could yield without really sintering at high temperature was developed. It was found that the predicted and measured thicknesses for both compact and porous Al₂O₃ films were in good accordance. The approach uses very common testing techniques and does not concern the aspects such as solution composition, Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid, withdrawal speed, viscosity, and liquid-vapor surface tension, etc. So the method is much timesaving and economical, and will be a good supplement for thickness determination techniques, especially under some circumstances where use of SEM, XRR, ellipsometer analyses are limited.     

铌酸钾纳米棒的新型溶胶-凝胶法合成

采用一种新的可溶性铌来代替价格昂贵的乙醇铌作为铌源,用溶胶-凝胶法合成铌酸钾(KN)纳米粉体。通过XRD、FTIR和TEM等技术手段对KN超细粉体的成相过程、相结构和微观形貌进行表征。结果表明,干凝胶在600℃煅烧可制得纯正交相的KN纳米粉体,合成温度比固相法降低了200℃以上;该粉体呈棒状,直径大约为100～200nm,长度大约为1～3μm,并对KN纳米棒的合成机制进行探讨。     

Y2Cu2O5光催化剂的制备及模拟太阳光催化产氢

分别用固相法和液相法制备Y2Cu2O5光催化剂,利用热重差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对光催化剂进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射条件下,以草酸(H2C2O4)为牺牲剂对所制得的光催化剂制氢性能进行评价,考察制备方法和牺牲剂类型等因素对其产氢性能的影响以及光催化剂的稳定性能。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法所得样品中含有Y2O3杂质,为Y2Cu2O5与Y2O3的混合物;固相法所得样品为纯净的Y2Cu2O5,具备较高的光催化产氢活性。用固相法制备的光催化剂Y2Cu2O5,当其用量为0.8 g/L、草酸为牺牲剂且初始浓度为0.05 mol/L时,表现出最佳光催化产氢活性,其产氢量为3.78mmol/(h.g)。但Y2Cu2O5在草酸溶液中不稳定,会与草酸反应生成Y2(C2O4)3.2H2O,导致产氢活性降低。     

Barium titanate ceramic inks for continuous ink-jet printing synthesized by mechanical mixing and sol-gel methods

Ink-jet printing of ceramic thick films is one of low cost on-site ceramic pattern fabrication methods. It is necessary to investigate the rheological behaviour of ceramic inks and drying behaviour of droplets. Two kinds of BaTiO3 ceramic inks were prepared by mechanical mixing and sol-gel methods, respectively. The effect of preparation parameters, such as quantity of polyacrylic acid（PAA） and solid content, on physicochemical and rheologic properties of the ceramic inks was investigated. The results show that they satisfy the requirements of continuous ink-jet printing. The appearances of printed dots and single printed layers were observed by SEM. The SEM images indicate that dots printed with mixing method ink are in ring shape, and dots printed with sol-gel method ink are in pancake shape, so the printed layer surface with the latter ink is smoother. The causes of these phenomena were discussed.     

不同载体对甲醇分解钯催化剂性能的影响

用浸渍法制备了Pd/γ-Al2O3和Pd/Ce0.65Zr0.35O22种甲醇分解催化剂。采用XRD,NH3-TPD(NH3-Temperature-Programmed Desorption),XPS及H2-TPR(H2-Temperature-Programmed-Redution)等手段对2种催化剂的结构和性能进行表征,并考察了催化剂上甲醇低温分解的活性。结果表明,Pd/Ce0.65Zr0.35O2催化剂具有较弱的表面酸性及良好的低温还原性能;XPS结果表明2种催化剂中的Pd均以氧化态形式存在,并且Pd在Ce0.65Zr0.35O2固溶体上呈高度分散状态,Pd与Ce间具有较强的相互作用。结合活性考察可知,Pd+的存在有利于甲醇的分解。Pd/Ce0.65Zr0.35O2催化剂具有高的催化活性,220℃时甲醇转化率接近100%。     

Phase evolutions of two kinds of co-precipitated indium-tin oxide precursors by heat-treatment

Two kinds of indium-fin oxide (ITO) precursors, cubic indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) and orthorhombic indium oxide hydroxide (InOOH), were prepared by a co-precipitation method. With the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), phase evolutions from cubic In(OH)3 and orthorhombic InOOH to cubic ITO solid solution and rhombohedral ITO solid solution by heat-treatment had been comprehensively investigated. The transformation from cubic In(OH)3 to cubic ITO solid solution started as low as 150℃ and ended at about 300℃, and it exhibited an endothermic behavior. The transformation from orthorhombic InOOH to rhombohedral ITO solid solution started at 220~C and ended at about 430℃. Moreover, this transformation was composed of two processes: the one was the dehydration of InOOH exhibiting an endothermic behavior and the other was the transformation from dehydration products to rhombohedral ITO solid solution exhibiting a strong exothermic behavior. Rhombohedral ITO solid solution was metastable in air and it would transform to cubic ITO solid solution by heat-treatment. The transformation from rhombohedral ITO solid solution to cubic ITO solid solution started at 578℃ and ended below 800℃, and it exhibited a weak exothermic behavior.     

KzLa2Ti3O10的制备和光催化产氢性能

通过聚合-配合方法和溶胶-凝胶方法，制备了具有层状钙钛矿结构复合氧化物K2La2Ti3O10光催化剂，采用X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段进行表征：以I-为电子给体，比较了制备方法对K2L。2Ti3O10分解水产氢活性的影响。研究结果表明，溶-凝胶法制备的KELaETi3O10比聚合-配合法制备的K2LaETi3O10光催化产氢活性要高出1倍左右，且制备条件友好，所得K2La2Ti3O10具有较好的单相性：获得了以I-为电子给体，溶胶-凝胶法制备的K2La2Ti3O10分解水的最佳实验条件：产氢的最佳pH值为11,5，RuO2的负载量为0.2％～0.3％。     

Preparation of nanosized sodium-aluminum tungstate, NaAl(WO4)2

Investigations are carried out for preparing nanosized pure phase of NaAl(WO₄)₂ by means of solid state synthesis with mechanical activation, applying the sol-gel method (Pechini) and by co-precipitation. It is shown that it is not possible to obtain pure phase when the initial substances are in stoichiometric amounts due to the simultaneous formation of a number of accompanying tungstate phases. The reasons for their origin are discussed. A method is demonstrated for obtaining a pure phase of NaAl(WO₄)₂ by co-precipitation of aqueous Na₂WO₄ and Al(NO₃)₃ solutions with considerable excess of Na₂WO₄. It is proved that NaAl(WO₄)₂ with particle size 40-80 nm is obtained with final synthesis of the powders at temperature 600-650 °C and duration of thermal treatment of 1-2 h.     

Research on Ce-Zr compounds on modifying γ-alumina washcoat on FeCrAl foils

Ce-Zr compounds such as Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 solid solution, Ce/Zr nitrate and CeO2/ZrO2 were added into γ-alumina-based slurries, which were then loaded on FeCrAl foils pretreated at 950℃ and 1100℃. The microstructures and adhesion performance between the substrates and the washcoats were measured by SEM, BET surface area, ultrasonic vibration and thermal shock test. The results show that the addition of Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 solid solution, Ce/Zr nitrate and CeO2/ZrO2 into the slurries can improve γ-Al2O3-based washcoat adhesion on FeCrAl foils. Furthermore, ceria-zirconia solid solution increases the adhesion of the washcoat on the surface of an FeCrAl foil than the two others. The specific surface area of this washcoat remains about 43-45 m2/g and the weight loss is below 4.0% even after aging test of 10%steam-containing air at 1050℃ for 20 h.