非晶态化学镀Ni-P-Yb-ZrO2复合镀层的工艺研究

为了提高非晶态化学镀Ni-P镀层的综合性能,向Ni-P化学镀液中添加纳米ZrO2粒子及稀土Yb,获得Ni-P-Yb-ZrO2复合镀层.分析了镀液组分(纳米ZrO2、稀土Yb、表面活性剂)的添加量及操作工艺参数(pH值、搅拌速度)对Ni-P-Yb-ZrO2复合镀层中纳米ZrO2粒子含量的影响,并确定了最佳的镀液组分添加量和操作工艺参数.在该最佳条件下获得的Ni-P-Yb-ZrO2复合镀层,表面平整,纳米ZrO2粒子分散较为均匀,耐磨性能优异且结合力良好.     

27SiMn钢化学镀Ni-P和Ni-Ce-P性能对比研究

为提高液压支架立柱用27SiMn钢的防护性能,在27SiMn基体上分别制备了化学镀Ni-P和Ni-Ce-P镀层,用OM、SEM、XRD表征了镀层表面形貌和物相,对比分析了两种镀层的硬度、耐磨及耐蚀性能。结果表明:与化学镀Ni-P相比,稀土Ce能优化镀层质量并提高镀速,Ni-Ce-P镀层更平整、致密,厚度约为Ni-P镀层的1.8倍;两种镀层的结构都以非晶态为主;Ni-Ce-P镀层的硬度和耐磨性能均比Ni-P有很大改善;在w(NaCl)=3.5%溶液中的极化曲线测试结果表明,Ni-Ce-P镀层的耐蚀性明显优于Ni-P镀层。     

化学沉积Ni-P/Ni-W-P合金的热处理晶化及磨损行为

用XRD定量法分析了W的共沉积对Ni-P基合金镀层热处理晶化程度、晶粒尺寸的影响,通过镀层硬度测试、干摩擦条件下的磨损实验以及SEM形貌观察研究了镀层的磨损行为.结果表明:W的共沉积提高了镀态和热处理的Ni-W-P镀层的晶化程度,加速Ni相的晶化过程,提高了Ni3P相的晶化反应温度,并使Ni-W-P镀层硬度大于Ni-P镀层的硬度.非晶态Ni-9.27%P镀层晶化前后的磨损行为主要表现为粘着磨损;当P含量与其相同(相近)时,W的加入不改变Ni-5.13%W-9.32%P合金在镀态及低温热处理时的粘着磨损行为,但对高温(600 ℃以上)热处理镀层起主导作用的磨损形式为微切削磨损机制.     

Ni-P-MoS2复合镀层的制备和耐磨性能研究

采用电沉积法制备Ni-P-MoS<,2>复合镀层,研究了镀液中纳米MoS<,2>含量与沉积速度的关系,分析了MoS<,2>添加量对镀层显微硬度以及耐磨性能的影响.结果表明,当纳米MoS<,2>在镀液中的加入量为4 g/L时,镀层的耐磨性能得到改善,磨损质量损失为普通Ni-P镀层的55%,经400℃×1h热处理后复合镀层表现出更好的耐磨性能.     

稀土铈对Ni-P镀层组织和性能的影响

目的研究稀土铈对Ni-P镀层表面组织、沉积速率和耐腐蚀性能的影响,提高沉积速率,改善镀层表面质量,进而提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能。方法采用酸式化学镀方法在50钢基体表面制备了添加稀土铈的Ni-P合金镀层,研究稀土铈的添加量对Ni-P合金镀层表面组织形貌和性能的影响。采用金相显微镜观察镀层表面组织形貌,参照GB/T13913—2008计算镀层沉积速率;使用HV-1000Z型显微硬度计测定合金镀层的硬度,采用均匀腐蚀全浸试验法测试合金镀层在5%NaCl溶液和10%NaOH溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果稀土铈的添加量为40 mg/L时得到的合金镀层组织细小、均匀、平整、致密,沉积速率达到最大值10.4 mg/(cm2·h)。随着稀土铈添加量的增加,镀层硬度明显增大,在稀土铈质量浓度为60 mg/L时,最大硬度值达到487.2HV,硬度提高了13.5%。Ni-P合金镀层在5%NaCl和10%NaOH溶液中耐腐蚀实验结果表明,未添加铈的镀层腐蚀速率最大,添加稀土铈的镀层腐蚀速率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,稀土铈质量浓度为40 mg/L时,镀层的腐蚀速率最低。结论稀土铈可以明显改善镀层表面质量,提高镀层沉积速率、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。     

稀土对碳钢表面纳米TiO_2化学复合镀性能的影响北大核心CSCD

采用化学镀的方法,将含轻稀土Pr的硫酸镨和含重稀土Y的硫酸钇加入Ni-P合金掺杂纳米TiO_2酸性复合化学镀中以提高碳钢表面的整体性能。通过计算、化学及仪器分析法,借助紫外分光光度仪、显微硬度仪、扫描电镜、X射线荧光衍射、能量弥散X射线谱、电化学工作站进行分析,研究了稀土对沉积速率、纳米TiO_2在镀液中的分散性和复合镀层性能的影响。结果表明:添加一定质量浓度的稀土元素,能够提高沉积速率及纳米TiO_2在复合镀液及镀层的分散性,增加复合镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性,并且使得复合镀层中P和Ti含量略有增加且仍为非晶态结构,细化了晶粒。添加重稀土Y比添加轻稀土Pr性能更优,最优添加稀土Y的质量浓度为10 mg/L。     

稀土铈对化学复合镀Ni—P—Si3N4工艺及性能的影响

研究稀土铈对Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４化学复合镀工艺操作性能及镀层性能的影响,发现在Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４化学复合镀镀液中加入少量稀土铈能有效地提高镀速及镀液稳定性,并可以提高镀层中ＳｉＮ的共沉积量,增加镀层硬度,但镀层耐蚀性有所下降,镀层结构分析发现镀层由非晶态向微晶态转变。     

稀土对碳钢表面纳米TiO_2化学复合镀性能的影响

采用化学镀的方法,将含轻稀土Pr的硫酸镨和含重稀土Y的硫酸钇加入Ni-P合金掺杂纳米TiO_2酸性复合化学镀中以提高碳钢表面的整体性能。通过计算、化学及仪器分析法,借助紫外分光光度仪、显微硬度仪、扫描电镜、X射线荧光衍射、能量弥散X射线谱、电化学工作站进行分析,研究了稀土对沉积速率、纳米TiO_2在镀液中的分散性和复合镀层性能的影响。结果表明:添加一定质量浓度的稀土元素,能够提高沉积速率及纳米TiO_2在复合镀液及镀层的分散性,增加复合镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性,并且使得复合镀层中P和Ti含量略有增加且仍为非晶态结构,细化了晶粒。添加重稀土Y比添加轻稀土Pr性能更优,最优添加稀土Y的质量浓度为10 mg/L。     

Ni-P-纳米ZrC化学复合镀的结构与性能

采用化学镀技术,在AZ31镁合金表面制备出Ni-P-纳米Zr C复合镀层。使用扫描电镜、显微硬度计和磨损试验机研究了不同纳米Zr C浓度对复合镀层微观形貌、镀速、硬度和磨损性能的影响。结果表明,复合镀层为胞状结构,镀液中添加适量的纳米Zr C颗粒能细化镀层胞状结构的尺度,提高镀速,增加镀层厚度;而且显著提高镀层的硬度和耐磨性。镀液中的纳米Zr C颗粒添加量为1.5g/L时,所得Ni-P-纳米Zr C复合镀层的胞状结构较细小,镀速最快,硬度达到最高值892 HV,耐磨性比Ni-P镀层更高。     

非晶态Ni-P合金与纳米Al2O3微粒复合镀层的制备

利用化学镀技术,制备了非晶态Ni-P合金基纳米Al2O3复合镀层,研究了纳米Al2O3微粒的加入量、加入方式以及搅拌方式等对复合镀层组织和形貌的影响.结果表明,纳米Al2O3在加入到镀液中以前,应先选用适当的表面活性剂和分散介质制成单分散添加液,然后再加到镀槽中才可保证纳米粒子在镀层中的均匀弥散分布,在超声振动搅拌方式下,镀液中只需加入1g/L纳米Al2O3,即可得到颗粒细小、分散均匀的非晶态Ni-P合金基纳米Al2O3的复合镀层.     

Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层制备及摩擦磨损性能分析

目的研究不同粒径微米金刚石对Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法选择出一组优良的Ni-P化学镀工艺参数,在镀液中分别加入不同粒径的金刚石微粒,制备含不同粒径微米级金刚石颗粒的化学复合镀层。用SEM和XRD,观察并分析了不同粒径金刚石对热处理前后Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层微观形貌和组织结构的影响;通过硬度和摩擦磨损实验,研究了不同粒径金刚石颗粒对复合镀层硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果制备的复合镀层厚度为30μm左右,金刚石质量分数达到21%~25%,且金刚石均匀分散在Ni-P镀层中。热处理前镀层为非晶结构,经过400℃×2 h的热处理后,镀层晶化为硬度更高的Ni3P。金刚石能提高镀层硬度,其中粒径为9μm的复合镀层硬度最高,达到1261HV。Ni-P金刚石复合镀层的摩擦系数为0.4~0.52,随着金刚石粒径的增大,摩擦系数不断减小。金刚石使镀层的磨损机制发生了变化,随着金刚石粒径的增大,硬质合金球的磨损加剧。结论随着金刚石粒径的增大,镀层硬度增加,摩擦系数减小,耐磨性增大。     

化学镀镍磷基合金镀层耐磨性的研究进展

化学镀镍磷基合金镀层因硬度高、厚度均匀及耐磨性优异,在工业中得到了广泛应用.简述了化学镀镍磷基合金从二元、三元到复合镀层的发展历程,概述了化学镀镍磷基合金镀层耐磨性的影响因素——合金镀层的化学成分、镀层与基体间的结合力及镀层硬度,并从这三方面论述了改善耐磨性的方法,最后提出了在改善合金镀层耐磨性研究中存在的问题和未来的发展方向.     

TC4钛合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金耐磨层研究

利用化学镀方法在TC4钛合金表面成功制备结合力良好的Ni-P合金耐磨层,研究了提高镀层结合力的方法,结合SEM、XRD、EDS等现代物理分析方法分析了不同温度热处理后镀层的组织结构,从而建立不同热处理温度、镀层结构与镀层硬度和耐磨性能的关系。结果表明:二次浸锌活化方法和热处理能显著提高镀层与基体的结合强度,经600℃热处理后镀层结合力达到35N。基材的硬度HV为3780MPa,磨损量为9.6mg,镀态镀层的硬度HV为5760MPa、磨损量为7.7mg。随着热处理温度升高Ni3P相增多,该相的弥散分布使镀层硬度增加,最高硬度HV达到9790MPa,但400℃后硬度降低,这是由于Ni3P相随着热处理温度的继续升高而发生偏聚,使弥散强化程度下降;镀层的磨损量随着热处理温度的升高而减小,说明耐磨性能随着热处理温度的升高而增强,600℃热处理后,虽然镀层晶粒长大、粗化及镀层硬度降低,但此时镀层晶格的完整性最佳,镀层塑性和韧性提高,所以耐磨性能最好。     

镁合金表面化学镀 Ni-P 和 Ni-P-SiC 的对比

目的提高镁合金的耐磨性、耐蚀性,扩大其应用领域。方法采用"磷酸+钼酸铵酸洗→HF活化"的方法进行前处理,直接在AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。对两种镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分、结构、硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性进行了系统比较。结果在Ni-P合金镀层中引入SiC粉末后,镀层的胞状颗粒细化,硬度提高至643HV,但其腐蚀电流密度有所增大。结论与Ni-P合金镀层相比,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性有所下降,但耐磨性能大大提高。     

Improved microhardness and wear resistance of the as-deposited electroless Ni-P coating

The coatings with different phosphorus contents were obtained by varying the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in the electroless plating bath. With the increase of phosphorus content, the structure of the electroless Ni-P coating transformed from nanocrystalline to a mixture of nanocrystalline and amorphous phases, then to amorphous phase. A record high hardness value of 910 HV_0.1 of as-deposited Ni-P coating was obtained at 7.97 at.% phosphorus content, and high wear resistance was accordingly achieved. The refined nanocrystalline grains with an average size of ~ 4 nm were found to be responsible for the record high hardness and improved wear resistance of the as-deposited Ni-P coating.     

添加纳米TiO2的Ni-P化学复合镀层显微结构与性能

采用化学复合镀法制备了Ni-P-纳米TiO2复合镀层,研究了纳米TiO2添加对Ni-P复合镀层的显微结构、硬度、耐磨性、孔隙率及耐蚀性的影响,并讨论了其影响机理。结果表明:纳米TiO2粒子较为均匀地分布在Ni基镀层,未发生明显团聚;纳米TiO2粒子的弥散强化作用,使复合镀层具有较高的表面硬度和良好的耐摩擦性能,晶化热处理后的复合镀层表面硬度达到了10 925 MPa,耐摩擦性能也显著提高。添加纳米TiO2粒子后,镀层的孔隙率增加,耐碱和耐盐腐蚀的能力稍有降低,耐HCl溶液腐蚀的能力较差。     

电接触强化对Ni-P/Nano-WC复合刷镀层的微观组织及性能的影响

目的：提高Ni-P/nano-WC复合刷镀层的性能。方法利用电刷镀技术将Ni-P与nano-WC粉末共同沉积在40Cr基体表面形成纳米颗粒增强的复合镀层,再利用电接触技术对Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层进行二次强化。利用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、能谱分析（EDS）和显微硬度测量等手段,分析电接触强化处理对Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层的影响。同时利用滚动摩擦试验分析电接触强化前后复合镀层耐磨性的变化情况。结果电接触强化处理后, Ni-P/nano-WC复合刷镀层的孔隙和裂纹减少,复合镀层与基体之间的界面在高温和高压的作用下发生焊合。XRD分析显示复合镀层的晶粒细化,镀层的晶粒尺寸由35.35 nm下降至26.28 nm。随着接触电流的加大,复合镀层的硬度也在逐步加大。经过20 kA电流的强化,复合镀层平均硬度由637HV0.1增加到885HV0.1,镀层硬度分布更加均匀;4 h的滚动摩损表明,随着接触电流的加大,试样的质量损失逐步减小,经20 kA接触电流强化后的Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层质量损失为503 mg,比未经电接触强化的Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层低40%。结论电接触强化技术能有效改善Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层的微观组织与性能,将镀层界面由机械结合变为冶金结合,同时提高镀层的耐磨性能。     

The wear characteristics of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings

The wear resistance of an electroless co-deposited Ni-8.73% P-SiC coating has been studied and the effects of microstructure and properties of the coating on wear have also been researched by comparing it with Ni-8.9% P, Ni-4.5% P-SiC and electroplated chromium coatings. It has been found that the high wear resistance of the Ni-8.73% P-SiC coating results from the SiC particle reducing the matrix grain size, increasing the coating hardness and resisting microcuts; and the Ni-P alloy matrix with high phosphorus content is hard and supports the SiC properly. The Ni-8.73% P-SiC coating is more wear resistance than the electroplated chromium coating as the latter surface is highly cracked and its high hardness will decrease quickly at high temperature.     

Nanoscratching deformation and fracture toughness of electroless Ni-P coatings

In the present investigation electroless Ni-P coatings were prepared. Structural characterizations indicated that the as-deposited coating had an amorphous structure with a P content of 23 at.%. The deformation behavior of an electrolessly amorphous Ni-P coating was investigated by using the Vickers indentation and the Tribo-indenter instrumented nano-indentation technique. The hardness of the Ni-P coating is remarkably improved after proper heat-treatment and the hardness is as high as 12.7 GPa for the coating annealed at 400 °C for 1 h. However, the cracks were observed during the indentation of the Ni-P coatings annealed at 400 °C and 500 °C for 1 h. The corresponding fracture toughness was evaluated as 2.58 MPa m^0.5 and 1.33 MPa m^0.5, respectively. Nanoscratching tests indicated that the wear resistance of the Ni-P coatings was improved significantly with an increasing ratio of hardness (H) to elastic modulus (E). It was observed that the friction coefficient increased from 0.083 ± 0.006 for the Ni-P coating annealed at 300 °C up to 1.337 ± 0.009 for the IF steel substrate, while the H/E simultaneously decreased from 0.084 (10.7/128) to 0.009 (1.85/200). The study revealed that the electrolessly amorphous Ni-P coating had offered better corrosion resistance than the Ni-P coatings after heat-treatment. An annealing temperature of 300 °C is preferentially suggested for the trade-off between the wear resistance property and anti-corrosion property of the Ni-P coating.     

Electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Coatings and Their Corrosion and Wear Resistance

In an effort to utilize beneficial aspects of nanoparticles in providing corrosion and wear resistance, electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Al₂O₃ nanocomposite coatings were produced. Alumina particles with various contents from 5 to 20 g/L in bath were co-deposited within Ni-P deposits on mild steel (ms) substrate. Coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, energy dispersive analysis of x-ray EDAX for analyzing elemental composition and x-ray diffractometry for investigating the structural changes of their components. Electrochemical and immersion measurements were used to analyze corrosion behavior of the coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution. Wear resistance of the coating was measured by pin-on-disc method. The results indicated that the Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coatings provide the high hardness as compare to the Ni-P coating. Corrosion and wear resistance of coatings is observed to be superior to that of ms. Corrosion protection properties of the coatings are found to be affected with continuous exposure to the electrolyte. Coating with high concentration of alumina is exhibiting high wear resistance than Ni-P coating. Wear mechanism in case of Ni-P coating appears to be adhesive type and seems to change to abrasive type on introduction of alumina.