铜对钢/铝激光-MIG复合焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用激光-MIG复合焊方法研究了铜对SYG960E超高强度度钢/6061铝合金焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,与MIG焊相比,激光-MIG复合焊有利于改善焊缝成形及焊接质量.钢/铝界面层具有双层结构,靠近铝焊缝侧为针状的FeAl₃金属间化合物,而靠近钢母材侧为条状的Fe₂Al₅金属间化合物.铜对钢/铝界面层及接头的力学性能具有显著的影响.添加铜后可以有效地减小界面层厚度和裂纹敏感性,降低钢/铝接头的最高硬度,明显提高接头的抗拉强度,接头强度可以提高110%,这主要与铜抑制界面层生长和改善界面层中Fe-Al金属化合物的脆硬性有关.     

搅拌针偏移量对铝/铜异质金属搅拌摩擦焊接过程和接头组织性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术对2 mm厚6061铝合金和紫铜合金异质金属进行对接试验，研究搅拌针偏移量对铝/铜异质金属接头组织和性能的影响。研究发现，由于铝和铜两种材料的流动性存在差异，随着搅拌针由铝侧向铜侧偏移，搅拌头-工件界面的温度无明显变化，而焊接过程中的前进阻力显著增大，且接头机械互锁程度也更加充分。对铝/铜异质接头微观形貌进行扫描电子显微镜分析，发现铝/铜界面处的金属间化合物层呈清晰的双层结构，分别为靠近铝侧的Al₂Cu层和靠近铜侧的Al₄Cu₉层，此外金属间化合物还以颗粒状和条带状等形貌分布在铝/铜界面附近。搅拌针偏向铜侧0.5 mm时得到的铝/铜异质接头机械互锁程度和金属间化合物分布最为理想，接头抗拉强度达到200 MPa。     

铝/钛异种金属冷金属过渡熔钎焊接头分析

以ER4043的铝焊丝对6061铝合金和TA2纯钛进行CMT熔钎焊,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)分析了焊接接头的微观组织特征,并通过拉伸试验对接头进行了力学性能的评定. 结果表明,焊接接头具有熔焊和钎焊双重性质:铝母材局部熔化,与熔化的焊丝金属混合后凝固形成焊缝;而没有熔化的钛母材通过Ti原子的扩散与焊缝金属形成金属间化合物结合层的钎焊界面. 钎焊界面处反应层可分为靠近钛板一侧的连续层Ti₃Al和向焊缝内部生长的锯齿状的反应层TiAl₃. 当钛板坡口角度为30°时,钎焊界面化合物生长均匀良好,接头会断裂在铝母材的热影响区,最高抗拉强度达到197.5 MPa.     

铝/黄铜异种金属TIG填丝熔钎焊工艺

采用TIG熔钎焊进行5052铝合金和H62黄铜搭接,选用Al-12% Si药芯焊丝作为填充材料,并对接头微观组织和力学性能进行分析.结果表明,Al-12% Si药芯焊丝在黄铜母材表面润湿性较差,较难获得优质的熔钎焊接头.焊缝中黄铜侧界面层附近过渡区内铝含量较高,与部分熔化和溶解的黄铜母材形成了尺寸较大的条状AlCu金属间化合物相,严重影响接头力学性能.黄铜母材侧界面层由两层不同的金属间化合物相组成,从焊缝到黄铜母材分别为Cu₉Al₄和CuZn.拉伸试验中,试样断裂于黄铜侧过渡区或界面层,断口呈现解理断裂的特征.     

铝-钢堆焊-搅拌摩擦复合焊接头特性分析

针对铝-钢异种金属焊接缺陷多、效率低等问题,提出一种堆焊-搅拌摩擦复合焊接方法,即采用旁路分流电弧焊先在钢板上堆敷铝合金,再采用搅拌摩擦焊进行铝合金堆敷层和铝合金母材的搭接焊,得到在铝-铝界面呈现典型搅拌摩擦焊“洋葱圆环”状结合的铝-铝-钢复合过渡接头. 针对典型焊缝进行铝-钢异种金属接头的组织结构分析.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊可以有效消除铝合金堆敷层中存在的气孔等缺陷,并实现金属界面层的减薄. 对铝钢结合界面进行EDS扫描,在堆敷铝合金侧可以观察到呈树枝状的Fe相扩散和呈网状的不均匀Si相扩散,结合XRD(X-ray diffraction)分析其主要成分为Al₅Fe₂Zn_0.4和Al₇Fe₃Si_0.3. 对接头试样进行拉伸试验,拉伸接头断裂在铝合金母材处,达到铝合金母材强度的100%,符合接头应用的力学指标.     

钢/铝管磁脉冲辅助半固态钎焊界面行为

结合电磁成形技术和半固态钎焊技术,提出了一种钢/铝管磁脉冲辅助半固态钎焊工艺,利用电磁脉冲产生的洛伦兹力使铝外管高速碰撞半固态钎料,通过半固态钎料中固相颗粒对母材表面径向压缩和轴向剪切作用去除母材表面氧化膜,实现钢铝异种管材的无钎剂钎焊. 在不同工艺参数下进行了钢/铝管磁脉冲半固态钎焊试验,研究了钎焊接头界面元素的扩散行为和金属间化合物的生长机理. 结果表明,焊缝组织主要为α-Al以及富锌相,铝侧界面处的Al₂O₃氧化膜破碎与去除情况良好,钢侧界面处有薄层FeAl₃金属间化合物形成,各部位均获得较好的冶金结合.     

Al-Si-Cu合金粉末扩散钎焊Al/Cu接头组织及性能

采用Al-Si-Cu合金粉末扩散钎焊铝铜异种金属,采用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头微观组织结构,结合三元相图分析了接头形成机理,最后检测了接头力学性能.结果表明,在连接温度530℃,保温时间60 min,压力为1MPa时可形成均匀致密的接头,接头中存在大量条状和鱼骨状的Al-Si-Cu共晶组织,中间层与两母材结合界面处的组织结构不同,在靠近铜侧界面存在三种层状金属间化合物,其成分依次为Cu₃Al₂,CuAl和CuAl₂,在靠近铝侧界面存在一个扩散区,没有形成层状金属间化合物.接头的抗剪强度随保温时间的变化而变化,在保温60 min时达到35 MPa.     

界面互锁复合Zn层对厚板铝/镁FSW界面组织及力学性能的影响

对于铝/镁搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头，当母材厚度过大时，容易沿界面形成较厚的脆硬金属间化合物(IMCs)，导致接头成形极其困难。本研究创新地采用界面互锁复合Zn层，研究了厚板铝/镁FSW接头界面IMCs演变和接头性能变化规律，为后续实现铝/镁FSW接头的高强度连接提供了理论及实践依据。结果表明，斜对接接头镁侧界面上部生成了平均厚度为69.7μm的低熔点共晶层(Mg+Al₁₂Mg₁₇)，中部和下部生成了平均厚度为42.7和21.2μm的IMCs，该IMCs层由Al₁₂Mg_{1 7}和Al₃Mg₂组成。相比于斜对接接头，当采用界面互锁复合Zn层时，界面局部位置生成了Al-Mg-Zn相(Al₅Mg₁₁Zn₄)和Mg-Zn相(Mg Zn₂、Mg₂Zn₃)替代了原有的Al-Mg IMCs，最小IMCs厚度仅为3.9μm。拉伸结果表明，接头抗拉...     

铝/钢固态焊接合界面金属间化合物生长机制

在保持固态条件下,分别变化加热温度、时间对铝/Q235钢爆炸焊接头进行加热处理.分析了接合界面区反应层形貌等微观特征,探讨了加热温度、加热时间对反应层厚度的影响,研究了接合界面金属间化合物的生长行为.界面反应物是由靠近铝合金侧的反应物为Fe₄Al₁₃和靠近钢侧反应物为Fe₂Al₅构成.金属间化合物层随着加热时间的延长而变厚.结果表明,金属间化合物的生长满足抛物线法则,其生长激活能为33.26 kJ/mol.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的铝/钢熔钎焊界面金属间化合物层生长分析

针对铝/钢熔钎焊界面金属间化合物在SEM,EDS,XRD界面测试研究的基础上,确立了界面由Fe₂Al₅、FeAl₃等金属间化合物组成. 在此基础上采用蒙特卡罗方法,建立了铝/钢界面铝、铁扩散及Al-Fe化合物生长模型,并进行了数值分析和对比研究. 结果表明,所建立的模型能够很好地反映钢侧Fe₂Al₅的生长,铝侧FeAl₃离散存在,且金属间化合物层的厚度接近试验测量结果.     

Effect of lattice matching degree and intermetallic compound on the properties of Mg/Al dissimilar material welded joints

The welding of Mg/Al dissimilar materials with different filler metal was investigated, and the quantities and kinds of intermetallic compounds were discussed. In addition, the matching degrees between base metal and intermetallic compounds were defined and calculated, and the effect of different quantities of each intermetallic compound on the property of welded seam was investigated. The results indicated that the welded seam was composed of Al₃Mg₂ and Al₁₂Mg₁₇ by Mg/Al directly gas tungsten arc butt welding, and only one intermetallic compound of MgZn₂ formed in the welding seam using Zn and Zn–xAl filler metal. The tensile strengths of the joints increased with the increase of the matching degrees between the intermetallic compounds and the base metal when the welded seam contained different intermetallic compound. Meanwhile, the tensile strengths of the joints are decreased with the increase of intermetallic compound content when the welded seams contained the seam intermetallic compound.     

铝/钛异种合金激光熔钎焊接头特性

以C02激光为热源，以A1Si12焊丝为填充材料，对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金和5056铝合金异种材料激光熔钎焊进行研究，采用SEM、EDS、XRD和金相显微镜分析接头的微观结构特征，通过拉伸实验评定接头的力学性能。研究结果表明：所得接头具有熔焊和钎焊双重性质，即铝母材局部熔化，为熔化焊，而钛母材与焊缝金属之间存在金属间化合物层钎焊界面；钎焊界面上部的金属间化合物层组成复杂，可分为2层，即呈针状或芽状的Ti-Al-Si系金属间化合物层和以Ti-Al系金属间化合物为主的连续层；钎焊界面下部的金属间化合物层较薄；拉伸试样断裂倾向于发生在紧邻钎焊界面的焊缝上，平均抗拉强度为298．5MPa。     

Electron beam welding of SiCp/2024 and 2219 aluminum alloy

SiC_p/2024 matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles and 2219 aluminum alloy were joined via centered electron beam welding and deflection beam welding, respectively, and the microstructures and mechanical properties of these joints were investigated. The results revealed that SiC particle segregation was more likely during centered electron beam welding (than during deflection beam welding), and strong interface reactions led to the formation of many Al₄C₃ brittle intermetallic compounds. Moreover, the tensile strength of the joints was 104 MPa. The interface reaction was restrained via deflection electron beam welding, and only a few Al₄C₃ intermetallic compounds formed at the top of the joint and heat affected zone of SiC_p/Al. Quasi-cleavage fracture occurred at the interface reaction layer of the base metal. Both methods yielded a hardness transition zone near the SiC_p/2024 fusion zone,and the brittle intermetallic Al₄C₃compounds formed in this zone resulted in high hardness.     

Effects of resistance spot welding parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar material joints of galvanised high strength steel and aluminium alloy

Abstract

Intermediate frequency resistance spot welding has been adopted to join dissimilar materials of H220YD galvanised high strength steel and 6008 aluminium alloy. The effects of welding current and welding time on microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. A thin intermetallic compound layer composed of Fe₂Al₅ phase and Fe₄Al₁₃ phase formed at the steel/aluminium interface. The interfacial intermetallic compound layer has higher nanohardness compared with the aluminium alloy nugget and galvanised steel. With increasing welding current (4–11?kA) and welding time (50–300?ms), the nugget diameter increased, the interfacial layer structure became coarser and the tensile shear load of the welded joints had an increased tendency. The maximum tensile shear load reached 3309?N at 9?kA for 250?ms. Crack initiated at the interfacial intermetallic compound layer of the tensile shear specimens, then propagated through the interfacial layer principally, and meantime through the aluminium alloy fusion zone near the interface partially.     

铝/钢异种金属火焰钎焊接头组织和性能

通过扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法研究了火焰钎焊时Zn-xAl钎料的润湿性能、铝/钢钎焊接头界面显微组织、金属间化合物层以及接头抗剪强度.结果表明,Zn-xAl钎料配合改性CsF-RbF-AlF₃钎剂,可以有效地去除母材表面氧化膜,从而提高钎焊接头力学性能.随着Al元素含量增加,钎料铺展性和填缝性随之提高,但是钎焊接头强度先升后降,Al元素含量为15%时,钎焊接头力学性能最佳.钎焊接头显微组织分析结果表明,金属间化合物主要为Fe₄Al₁₃相. Zn-xAl钎料中Al元素含量较低时,界面层由富锌相和Fe₄Al₁₃相组成.随着Al元素含量的增加,在Zn-25Al钎焊接头界面出现第二层金属间化合物Fe₂Al₅相.     

Effect of hot dip aluminising on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al joint by TIG arc welding brazing

Abstract

The joint of Al 5A06 and aluminised Ti–6Al–4V dissimilar alloys was achieved by means of tungsten inert gas arc welding brazing. The effect of aluminized coating on the spreading behaviour of filler metal on Ti substrate was studied. The spreadability of liquid filler metal on the Ti substrate was enhanced obviously due to the presence of aluminised coating. The interfacial reaction layer was characterised by a uniform lamellar layer of TiAl₃ intermetallic, with a thickness of 1 μm. Sound joints with well appearance were obtained, and the optimised tensile strength of the joint reached 216 MPa. The failure initiated from the interfacial layer at the root face and then propagated within the weld seam at the upper part of the joint. Capable welding parameters were broadened by the presence of aluminised coating for dissimilar metal joining of Ti/Al.     

Mechanical properties of friction welded joint between Ti–6Al–4V alloy and Al–Mg alloy (AA5052)

Abstract

The present paper describes the mechanical properties of a friction welded joint between Ti–6Al–4V alloy and Al–Mg alloy (AA5052). The Ti–6Al–4V/AA5052–H112 joint, made at a friction speed of 27.5 rev s^?1, friction pressure of 30 MPa, friction time of 3.0 s, and forge pressure of 60 MPa, had 100% joint efficiency and fractured in the AA5052–H112 base metal. The Ti–6Al–4V/AA5052–H34 joint, made under the same friction welding conditions, did not achieve 100% joint efficiency and it fractured in the AA5052–H34 base metal because the AA5052–H34 base metal had softened under friction heating. The joints made at low friction speed or using short friction time showed fracture at the welded interface because a sufficient quantity of heat for welding could not be produced. However, the joints made at high friction speed or using long friction time were also fractured at the welded interface: in this instance, the welded interface also had an intermetallic compound layer consisting of Ti₂Mg₃Al₁₈. The Ti–6Al–4V/AA5052–H34 joint made at a friction speed of 27.5 rev s^?1 with friction pressure of 150 MPa, friction time of 0.5 s, and forge pressure of 275 MPa had 100% joint efficiency and fractured in the AA5052–H34 base metal, although the AA5052–H34 side softened slightly. In conclusion, the Ti–6Al–4V/AA5052–H112 joint and Ti–6Al–4V/AA5052–H34 joint had 100% joint efficiency and fractured in the AA5052 base metal when made under the friction welding conditions described above.     

SiC_p/2024与2219铝合金电子束焊接

分别采用电子束对中焊、偏束焊技术,研究了Si C颗粒增强铝基复合材料Si Cp/2024与2219铝合金的接头组织及力学性能.结果表明,对中焊时接头易出现Si C增强相的偏聚,同时发生严重的界面反应,生成大量脆性相Al4C3,接头抗拉强度最高为104 MPa.采用偏束焊工艺可以很好地抑制界面反应,通常只在焊缝上部与Si Cp/Al热影响区上部生成少量脆性相Al4C3,接头抗拉强度最高可达131 MPa.试件均断裂在母材界面反应层上,且为明显的脆性断裂.不同工艺下接头横截面硬度分布存在突变区,该区域在Si Cp/2024熔合区附近,该处脆性相Al4C3的生成导致硬度升高.     

HR-TEM observation of laser pressure weld of galvannealed steel and pure aluminium

Laser pressure welding was conducted by changing the laser power and the roller pressure in the previous experiment. It was revealed that dissimilar metal welding of galvannealed steel and pure aluminium was feasible in a wide range of welding conditions. When the roller pressure was more than 1.96 kN at the laser powers equal to or less than 1400 W, the joint strengths were so high that the specimens in the tensile shear and the peel tests fractured in the A1050 parent metal.

In order to know the reason for such high strengths of joints with thick compound layers and the joining mechanism, the compound layer was observed by HR-transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM observation results revealed that the main phase in the compound layer was the solid solution of Al + Zn. Moreover, the intermetallic compound was identified as FeAl, Fe₂Al₅, Fe₄Al₁₃ and Fe₂Al₅Zn_0.4 phase by electron diffraction. The Fe₃Zn₁₀ (Γ phase) of Fe–Zn intermetallic compound was confirmed on a Fe base material. It is guessed that the joining areas were heated at a range of 782°C more than 665°C, a melting point of Al, by laser irradiation because the δ_lk phase aspect was not confirmed. Because the surfaces of A1050 and Zn plated layer were melted thinly, the layer was over 10 μm thicker. The reason for the production of high-strength joints with a relatively thick intermetallic compound layer was attributed to the formation of (Al + Zn) phase with finely dispersed intermetallic compounds.