铸态Al63Cu25Fe12准晶的制备

采用常规铸造方法制备了Al63Cu25Fe12准晶,研究了热处理条件对其相变的影响。结果表明:铸态Al63Cu25Fe12准晶材料组织为多相结构,以准晶I相为主,还包括先析出的λ-(Al-Cu)13Fe4、β-Al-Fe(Cu)、τ-Al-Cu(Fe)等。Al63Cu25Fe12合金铸锭经过750℃×4 h淬火处理之后得到趋于单一的准晶I相。     

Al-Cu-Fe系初生准晶相凝固过程的热力学分析

采用XRD,SEM和TEM等方法,研究了铸态 Al58.8Cu36.6Fe3.5Si1.1合金(973K保温2.5h后水淬)的显微组织及相组成.观察到铸态样品中存在4种不同的相,即初生准晶I相、Φ相、θ-Al2Cu相和η-AlCu相.对准晶I相及其晶体近似相R相,提出相应的自由能计算模型及算法,从理论上说明准晶(Al61.89Cu25.61Fe11.10)I相是高温稳定相,当温度低于938K时,将形成其晶体近似相R相.     

退火工艺对AlCuCrFeNi高熵合金微观组织与硬度的影响

用真空电弧熔炼法制备了AlCuCrFeNi多主元高熵合金。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪等研究了AlCuCrFeNi铸态以及采用不同退火工艺后的微观组织和硬度。结果表明:AlCuCrFeNi合金在铸态下是由枝晶内富Cr、Fe元素的BCC固溶相、枝晶间富Al、Ni的B2相以及枝晶间富Cu的FCC固溶相组成,并伴有少量的金属间化合物AlFe_(0.23)Ni_(0.77),铸造硬度值约为(465±10) HV。随着退火温度升高,Cu元素发生扩散,FCC相变得粗大,合金的硬度值降低到400 HV左右,与铸态硬度相差不大,说明合金具有较高的热稳定性以及较好的高温使用性能。     

铸态Al63Cu25Fe12的热处理及相分析

按照原子比Al63 Cu2 5Fe12 配料 ,在真空感应炉中熔炼制备AlCuFe准晶材料样品。通过对铸态Al63 Cu2 5Fe12 的不同温度的热处理得出不同的处理温度对其内部相的转变情况 ,发现随着温度的升高 ,铸态Al63 Cu2 5Fe12 向准晶相的转变越来越充分 ,成分趋于单一化     

热处理对Al_(0.5)CoCrCuFeNi高熵合金显微组织与硬度的影响

采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应悬浮熔炼制备了多组元高熵合金Al0.5Co Cr Cu Fe Ni,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金的显微组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明,Al0.5Co Cr Cu Fe Ni高熵合金相结构简单,在铸态下由两种不同成分的FCC相组成,枝晶处为贫Cu的FCC1相,枝晶间为富Cu的FCC2相,显微组织为树枝晶形貌,存在一定的枝晶偏析。合金制备态的硬度为255 HV0.5。合金具有良好的热稳定性,随着热处理温度的升高,合金的相结构和硬度均无太大的变化。冷却方式对合金的显微组织和相结构影响不大,但炉冷后合金的硬度比空冷和水冷时高。     

热处理对CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金组织与硬度的影响

用真空电弧熔炼法制备了CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金,研究了退火温度对合金组织及硬度的影响。结果表明,铸态合金的晶体结构以FCC为主,同时夹杂Cr9Mo21Ni20和CrFe4少量金属间化合物;铸态合金的组织形貌为树枝晶组织,在枝晶间分布着类似于共晶组织的片层状结构,随退火温度升高,合金中FCC相逐渐减少,共晶相逐渐增多,最终形成了类似于过共晶的组织形貌;合金的硬度随退火温度的升高先增大后减小,但铸态与退火态的合金的硬度相差不大,说明此合金具有较高的热稳定性以及较好的高温使用性能。     

冷却速度对制备AlCuFe准晶的影响

采用常规铸造法制备了Al_(64)Cu_(24)Fe_(12)准晶,研究了不同冷却速度对准晶的组织和相变化的影响。结果表明:铸态时,试样中的主要组成相基本相同为λ((Al-Cu)_(13)Fe_4)、I(Al_(64)Cu_(24)Fe_(12))、β(τ)(Al(Fe,Cu))、η(AlCu)相。其中冷却速度越大准晶合金的微观组织晶粒越细小,对先析出相λ相的抑制越明显。经过820℃保温6 h热处理后所有试样中都得到成分趋于单一的I相。而与其他试样相比,冷却速度最快的试样表面组织形貌更加平整,I相更加均匀单一化。     

均匀化退火对Mg-xAl-Zn合金组织与硬度的影响

对Al含量分别为10%、11%、12%的Mg-Al-Zn合金进行均匀化退火处理,探讨均匀化退火温度及时间对合金显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明,不同温度均匀化退火处理后,合金中的β-Mg17Al12相均以层片状析出。同一温度下,随均匀化保温时间的延长,部分层片状组织熔断成球状、针状组织。在410 ℃和430 ℃均匀化退火处理后,合金硬度与铸态相比均有所提高。     

热处理对双FCC相CoCrFeNiCu高熵合金组织与性能的影响

用真空感应熔炼法制备了CoCrFeNiCu高熵合金,研究了不同退火温度对合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态CoCrFeNiCu合金具有双FCC相结构,分别为富Cu相和贫Cu相,而且相分离现象随热处理温度的升高逐渐明显。铸态合金的组织形貌为典型树枝晶组织,随热处理温度的升高,富铜相增多,枝晶间隙变宽,且出现了大量纳米颗粒。经600 ℃退火处理后,合金的屈服强度和断裂强度显著提高,屈服强度达到233 MPa,断裂强度接近铸态合金的3倍,并且伸长率无明显降低。     

快速凝固Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金的微观组织和力学性能

利用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)研究了快速凝固Al 4Cu Mg 3Fe 4Ni (质量分数,% )合金急冷态和退火态的微观组织,同时测定了该合金的显微硬度。结果表明:快凝合金急冷态组织为过饱和αAl基固溶体和Al3Ni相;当快凝合金经40 0℃Xw 1h处理后,有少量S相(CuMgAl2 )析出;经40 0℃Xw 9h处理后,出现了FeNiAl9弥散相;在合金组织中未见Al Cu Fe和Al Cu Ni相。随时效时间的增加,快凝合金的显微硬度不断增加,达到峰值后硬度缓慢下降,之后随FeNiAl9析出,硬度又重新增加。     

Mechanism of cathodic delamination control of zinc-aluminum phosphate pigment in waterborne coatings

The propagation of the cathodic delamination and blistering was studied for different waterborne paint systems, with or without the zinc aluminum phosphate (ZAP) pigment. The mechanism by which ZAP reacts at the metal-coating interface to improve coating performance against cathodic delamination and blister formation was investigated by means of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), pull-off test and surface analysis. The presence of the pigment clearly enhanced the adhesion and delamination resistance of the coating upon immersion. It has been evidenced how the pH buffer properties of the ZAP pigment play an important role in reducing the advancement of the delamination front. A compact film constituted of zinc and sodium phosphates was found, on the substrate surface, solely within the delaminated area. The precipitation of this phosphate layer on the cathodic sites is thought to polarize the cathodic reaction, contributing to slowing down the delamination reaction.     

De-alloying of type 316 stainless steel in hot, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution

The formation of “nickel” layers on austenitic stainless steel in strong caustic solutions was reported in 1979. We now report a detailed study that clarifies the nature of this de-alloying process and establishes firm links with other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress corrosion cracking. De-alloying of iron from 316SS in 50% NaOH at 140 °C proceeds only as far as a solid solution with a Ni/Fe atomic ratio of ca. 1.3 (56 at.% Ni if we neglect the other elements present). Chromium is mostly dissolved and/or reprecipitated during this process. X-ray diffraction shows that the residue is a solid solution of intermediate composition, not a mixture of pure Ni and stainless steel. The removal of only half the iron conveniently explains why the de-alloyed layer is a connected porous network. Electrode capacitance measurements and FEG-SEM examination show that the de-alloyed layer has extremely fine nanoporosity.     

Effects of alloy and solution chemistry on the fracture of passive films on austenitic stainless steel

The Taguchi analysis method was used to simultaneously study the effects of alloy chemistry, pH, and halide ion concentrations on the fracture of electrochemically grown passive films using a nanoindentation technique. Three austenitic stainless steels, 304L, 316L, and 904L were potentiostatically polarized in hydrochloric acid solutions. The fracture load was dominated primarily by alloy chemistry. Passive films mechanically weaken as the atomic iron concentration increases in the film. Prolonged anodic ageing time increases the fracture load of passive films.     

Corrosion resistance properties of glow-discharge nitrided AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel in NaCl solutions

Glow-discharge nitriding treatments can modify the hardness and the corrosion resistance properties of austenitic stainless steels. The modified layer characteristics mainly depend on the treatment temperature. In the present paper the results relative to glow-discharge nitriding treatments carried out on AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel samples at temperatures ranging from 673 to 773 K are reported. Treated and untreated samples were characterized by means of microstructural and morphological analysis, surface microhardness measurements and corrosion tests in NaCl solutions. The electrochemical characterization was carried out by means of linear polarizations, free corrosion potential-time curves and prolonged crevice corrosion tests. Nitriding treatments performed at higher temperatures (>723 K) can largely increase the surface hardness of AISI 316L stainless steel samples, but decrease the corrosion resistance properties due to the CrN precipitation. Nevertheless nitriding treatments performed at lower temperatures (?723 K) avoid a large CrN precipitation and allow to produce modified layers essentially composed by a nitrogen super-saturated austenitic metastable phase (S-phase) that shows high hardness and very high pitting and crevice corrosion resistance; at the same polarization potentials the anodic current density values are reduced up to three orders of magnitude in comparison with untreated samples and no crevice corrosion event can be detected after 60 days of immersion in 10% NaCl solution at 328 K.     

Characteristics and lacquer adhesion on dip and CDC chromium passivated tinplate

Chromium passivation and lacquering are typically used to improve the corrosion resistance of tinplate in packed food. In this work, the nature of the chromium passivation layer formed during dip or CDC passivation treatments, as a function of operational parameters, and its influence on lacquer adhesion, was investigated using electrochemical polarisation, XPS, Auger and lacquer peel-off tests. It was found that dip passivated tinplate provide the best lacquer adhesion, and that the adhesion on CDC treated tinplate could be improved by buffering or lowering the pH of the chromium (VI) solution.     

Determination of corrosion rate of reinforcement with a modulated guard ring electrode; analysis of errors due to lateral current distribution

The main source of errors in measuring the corrosion rate of rebars on site is a non-uniform current distribution between the small counter electrode (CE) on the concrete surface and the large rebar network. Guard ring electrodes (GEs) are used in an attempt to confine the excitation current within a defined area. In order to better understand the functioning of modulated guard ring electrode and to assess its effectiveness in eliminating errors due to lateral spread of current signal from the small CE, measurements of the polarisation resistance performed on a concrete beam have been numerically simulated. Effect of parameters such as rebar corrosion activity, concrete resistivity, concrete cover depth and size of the corroding area on errors in the estimation of polarisation resistance of a single rebar has been examined. The results indicate that modulated GE arrangement fails to confine the lateral spread of the CE current within a constant area. Using the constant diameter of confinement for the calculation of corrosion rate may lead to serious errors when test conditions change. When high corrosion activity of rebar and/or local corrosion occur, the use of the modulated GE confinement may lead to significant underestimation of the corrosion rate.     

The nature of the surface film on steel treated with cerium and lanthanum cinnamate based corrosion inhibitors

The corrosion inhibition mechanisms of new cerium and lanthanum cinnamate based compounds have been investigated through the surface characterisation of the steel exposed to NaCl solution of neutral pH. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify the nature of the deposits on the metal surface and demonstrated that after accelerated tests the corrosion product commonly observed on steel (i.e. lepidocrocite, γ-FeOOH) is absent. The cinnamate species were clearly present on the steel surface upon exposure to NaCl solution for short periods and appeared to coordinate through the iron. At longer times the Rare Earth Metal (REM) oxyhydroxide species are proposed to form as identified through the bands in the 1400-1500 cm⁻¹ region. These latter bands have been previously assigned to carbonate species adsorbed onto REM oxyhydroxide surfaces. The protection mechanism appears to involve the adsorption of the REM-cinnamate complex followed by the hydrolysis of the REM to form a barrier oxide on the steel surface.     

Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5块体非晶合金晶化行为研究

用示差扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5块体非晶合金的匀速升温晶化与等温晶化的晶化行为。在匀速升温晶化方式下，用Kissinger法与Ozawa法获得了块体非晶合金的激活能，对第一晶化峰分别为320．5kJ／mol和316．6kJ／mol，对第二晶化峰分别为324．5kJ／mol和320．5kJ／mol。该非晶合金的晶化表现出明显的动力学效应。在等温晶化方式下，用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami方程获得了晶化的Avrami指数为1．61，表明非晶合金的晶化受原子扩散控制。     

Corrosion behavior of glassy Ni55Co5Nb20Ti10Zr10 alloy in 1 N HCl solution studied by potentiostatic polarization and XPS

Corrosion resistance of glassy Ni₅₅Co₅Nb₂₀Ti₁₀Zr₁₀ (at.%) alloy in 1 N HCl solution was investigated with respect to the electrochemical behavior and the compositions of the passive film and the underlying alloy surface just below the passive film. The potentiostatic polarization curve indicated that the alloy was spontaneously passivated with a low passive current density of the order of 10⁻³ A m⁻². The quantitative X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the thickness of the surface film increased linearly with an anodizing ratio of 1.5 nm V⁻¹. The high corrosion resistance of the glassy alloy was due to the formation of niobium, titanium and zirconium-enriched passive film. The growth mechanism of the passive films is also discussed.     

Pit-to-crack transition in pre-corroded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under cyclic loading

Pit-to-crack transition experiments were conducted on 1.600 mm and 4.064 mm 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. Specimens were corroded using a 15:1 ratio of 3.5% NaCl solution and H₂O₂ prior to fatigue loading. Cracks originating from corrosion pits were visually investigated in order to understand how pit-to-crack transitions occur.All prior corroded specimens in the study fractured from cracks associated with pitting. Pit-to-crack transition was successfully acquired visually. Corroded 7075-T6-4.064 mm specimens experienced more of an overall fatigue life reduction than 7075-T6-1.600 mm specimens. Results indicated that quantities such as pit surface area and surrounding pit proximity are as important as pit depth in determining when and where a crack will form.