Adsorption characteristics of zinc ions on sodium dodecyl sulfate in process of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration

To sepantte zinc ions from aqueous solution efficiently, micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration（MEUF） of hollow ultrafiltration membrane was used with sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as surfactant.The formation of micellar and the adsorption mechanism were investigated including the influence office ratio of SDS to zinc ions on the micelle quantity, the micelle ratio, the gross adsorptive capacity, the rejection of zinc ions and the adsorption isotherm law. The results show that the rejection rate of zinc ions reaches 97% and the adsorption of zinc ions on SDS conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the adsorption is a chemical adsorption process.     

预分散溶剂萃取法处理Cr(Ⅲ)废水(英文)

以2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(HEHPEHE)为萃取剂,以及与其它萃取剂形成酸加酸、酸加碱、酸加中性混合萃取剂,通过考察萃取剂对废液中的Cr3+萃取分配比的影响,筛选出萃取Cr3+的适宜萃取剂HEHPEHE;采用预分散溶剂萃取技术对含Cr3+废液进行分离研究,以煤油为稀释剂,HEHPEHE为萃取剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为水性表面活性剂,吐温20(Tween-20)为油性表面活性剂,制备胶质液体泡沫CLAs。同时,为了研究预分散溶剂萃取技术萃取Cr3+废液的效果,考察了废液中的Cr3+浓度、胶质气体泡沫CGAs体积、萃取剂浓度、相比、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)浓度、阴离子表面活性剂SDBS浓度、表面活性剂Tween20浓度以及Cr3+废液的pH值等影响因素对Cr3+的萃取率影响,得到了萃取Cr3+的适宜条件;并用实际的含Cr3+废液进行检验,结果表明,在获得的适宜工艺条件下,经过二级萃取后,废水可以直接排放,Cr3+的萃取率超过99.9%。     

不同分散剂对纳米铁粉分散性能的影响

通过对直流氢电弧蒸发法制备的纳米铁粉Zeta电位的测量,选用非离子型和阴离子型2类分散剂,分别研究了油酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）3种分散剂对纳米铁粉分散性能的影响.结果表明：超声时间、分散剂加入量及pH值对分散效果影响显著,随着超声时间和表面活性剂加入浓度的提高,粉体分散效果呈先增大后减小的趋势;PVP和油酸对纳米铁粉的分散效果较好,分散剂分散效果从高到低顺序依次为：PVP＞油酸＞SDBS;推荐最佳分散工艺：无水乙醇作为溶剂,超声功率560 W,超声时间15 min,pH等于10,PVP加入量4%.     

添加剂对镀锌层三价铬钝化膜耐蚀性能的影响

用电化学方法、Pb(AC)2和CuSO4快速测定法5、%NaCl浸泡实验和测形貌等方法,研究了添加剂草酸、单硬脂酸甘油酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠对镀锌层三价铬钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能的影响,结果表明:提高镀锌层三价铬钝化膜耐腐蚀性能的最佳添加剂是十二烷基磺酸钠(0.6 g/L),其次是草酸(1.0 g/L),最差的是单硬脂酸甘油酯(1.0 g/L),而十二烷基磺酸钠(0.6 g/L)与草酸(1.0 g/L)的复合添加剂,使钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能接近六价铬的钝化效果。     

表面活性剂对镀Ti金刚石-Ni复合电沉积行为的影响

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS,sodium dodecyl sulfate)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB,cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)对镀Ti金刚石-Ni复合电沉积的影响,并结合循环伏安、交流阻抗等电化学方法研究了镀Ti金刚石-Ni镀液中Ni电沉积过程。结果表明:与未镀覆金刚石相比,镀Ti金刚石与Ni层浸润性得到提高。浓度为0.05 g/L的SDS对Ni电结晶过程有抑制作用,而浓度为0.05 g/L的CTAB能促进Ni~(2+)离子转移并加快Ni的电沉积过程。SDS和CTAB都能促进电沉积过程中氢气的析出并细化Ni镀层,同时减少镀层针孔和凹痕。     

Simultaneous immobilization of cobalt tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine during electropolymerization of pyrrole in presence of surfactants: a study of film morphology and its conductivity

An attempt was made to electrochemically immobilize tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CoTsPc) into polypyrrole in presence of three types of surfactants (cationic, anionic, and neutral) during the polymerization of pyrrole in an aqueous solution with different potential regions. The surface characteristics of anodically/cathodically prepared electrodes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 were investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The SEM and XPS measurements revealed the position and orientation of CoTsPc and surfactant, respectively, in the prepared films. The film conductivity was deduced from AC impedance and its conductivity values were found to be very low when compared to the literature results. The decrease of film conductivity in presence of the surfactant and CoTsPc could be associated with the fewer amounts of counter ions in the film and also the absence of conjugation for electron hopping within the film.     

在NaCl溶液中CTAB、SDS和钨酸钠对印刷电路板缓蚀作用研究

采用电化学阻抗和极化曲线法,研究了在NaCl溶液中,钨酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)及十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的单一配方以及其复配对印刷电路板的缓蚀作用.结果表明:CTAB、SDS和钨酸钠各自的单一配方对印刷电路板(PCB)均具有一定的缓蚀作用,其中CTAB浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,SDS浓度为5.0×10-3mol/L及350 me,/L钨酸钠表现出最佳的缓蚀效率;SDS和钨酸钠属于阳极型缓蚀剂,CTAB为混合型缓蚀剂;当二者复配使用时,浓度为250 ms/L钨酸钠和1.0 x 10-4moL/L CTAB以及300 mg/L钨酸钠和5.0×10-3～moL/L SDS的复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果最佳,复配缓蚀剂具有协同效应,并且对印刷电路板的缝隙腐蚀有一定的抑制作用.     

Effects on direct synthesis of large scale mono-disperse Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanosized particles

Mono-disperse Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrite particles have been synthesized directly via the hydrothermal method using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. Particle size could be varied from 6 to 19 nm by changing the experiment parameters. X-ray diffraction, high resolution TEM images confirmed the high crystallinity of ferrite nanocrystals. The effects of precursor suspension pH value, reaction temperature and surfactant (SDS) concentration on phase purity, particle size and dispersed property were discussed. The results indicated that mono-disperse Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrite nanoparticle had been obtained at pH value range (8–9), reaction temperature (90 °C) and moderate SDS concentration (>0.2 mM). The magnetic measurement shows that as prepared Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanoparticle possesses good super-paramagnetic behavior. We also put forward a primary experimental model to shed light on the controllability of the monodispersity of the nanosized particles.     

Different effects of alkyl sulfate and alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants on the synthesis and properties of CuPc/TiO2 composite films by the liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method

The insoluble copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/TiO₂ composite thin film has been successfully prepared in an aqueous solution by liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method, applying two surfactants as the solubilizing agents. The two surfactants are sodium dodecyl benzylsulfonate (SDBS) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), selected as the representative of their groups. The deposited films were characterized by UV–vis, SEM, FT-IR, XRD and ICP–AES. Comparing the two composite thin films, it revealed a series of interesting facts. The films showed excellent adherence to the substrate with particle diameter ranging from 20–50 nm in, and 90 and 280 nm in thickness. It is identified that CuPc is coexisting of dimers and monomers form, mainly in dimeric form for both the composite thin films by UV–vis spectroscopy, illustrating that the CuPc is not further aggregated by LPD process. The dependences of deposited amount of Ti and Cu with the reaction time suggested the growing of the films can be easily controlled, the SDBS seems to be hindrance to the growing of the films. After heat treatment at 250 °C for 2 h, the SDS–CuPc/TiO₂ thin film becomes crystallized, but no obvious XRD peak is observed in the SDBS–CuPc/TiO₂ composite thin film.     

Polyaniline microtubes synthesized via supercritical CO2 and aqueous interfacial polymerization

We report a new route to prepare polyaniline (PANI) microtubes via supercritical (SC) CO₂/aqueous interfacial polymerization. The synthesis is based on the well-known chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in an acidic environment, with ammonium peroxydisufate (APS) as the oxidant, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant was used as the template. The main feature of this route is that the monomer (aniline) which is dissolved in SC CO₂ phase, slowly polymerized at the interface of SC CO₂ and aqueous solution to form the PANI microtubes. The morphologies, phase structure, composition and some properties of PANI microtubes were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, IR, XPS UV–vis and SYSTEM DM digital multimeter, respectively.     

Synergism and antagonism in mild steel corrosion inhibition by sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate and hexamethylenetetramine

The inhibition effects of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) and hexamethylenetetramine (HA) on the corrosion of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution have been studied using weight loss, electrochemical impedance and Tafel polarisation measurements. For HA, a monotonous increase in inhibition efficiency is observed as a function of concentration. For SDBS, however, an optimum in the inhibition efficiency is observed for a concentration close to 250 ppm, which is ascribed to the formation of hemi-micellar aggregates that provoke inhibitor desorption from the metal/solution interface at higher concentrations. Upon mixing HA and SDBS, concentration regions showing synergistic and antagonistic inhibition behaviour are identified, and it is concluded that electrostatic interactions between adsorbate ions are likely responsible for both phenomena. Langmuir and Frumkin isotherms were tested for relevance in describing the adsorption behaviour of both HA and SDBS.     

不同表面活性剂对纳米银粉在乙醇中分散性能的影响

在对直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备的纳米银粉进行Zeta电位测量的基础上，以高分子型表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP），阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化氨（CTAB）以及阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和油酸作为分散剂对银粉进行分散，系统研究了超声分散时间和表面活性剂浓度对纳米银粉在无水乙醇中分散性能的影响。结果表明，固定超声功率，随超声时间和表面活性剂浓度的提高，粉体分散效果先增大后减小。PVP对其分散效果最好。其分散工艺为：1．5％（质量分数）PVP，超声分散40min。     

Effect of structure of azomethines on their efficiency in cadmium electroplating from γ-butyrolactone-containing aqueous perchlorate electrolytes

The rate and mechanism of the electroreduction of metal ions (by an example of cadmium) in aqueous γ-butyrolactone electrolyte is found to be a function of the structure of organic additives, such as azomethines involving electrophilic and nucleophilic substituents. The lowest rate of the process is observed at the copresence of γ-butyrolactone and azomethine with electrophilic substituents in the solution. The effect is determined by the existence of a sufficiently compact layer on the electrode, which causes the dissociation of complexes formed by discharged metal ions and organic molecules that penetrate via it. An increase in the adsorption of the additive involving a nucleophilic substituent on the cathode and in the surface concentration of its complexes with cadmium ions, which is accompanied by the acceleration of the discharge process, experimentally proves the hypothesis about the increase in the permeability of the layer under these conditions.     

电沉积制备Ni/nano-WC复合镀层的工艺及机理研究

采用脉冲电沉积法制备了纳米WC强化镍基复合镀层。探究了不同表面活性剂（十二烷基硫酸钠）添加量以及WC粉的湿磨预处理对Ni/nano-WC复合镀层表面形貌、颗粒分布、微观结构以及显微硬度的影响。表面活性剂的添加和对WC湿磨处理有助于细化镀层晶粒,得到WC颗粒分布均匀的致密镀层。镀层中WC含量以及镀层的显微硬度随着表面活性剂的添加量的增加而增加,但过量会使效果变差,理想的SDS添加量为0.15g/l,湿磨10h。     

络合-超滤技术处理含镉废水

用丙烯酸-马来酸共聚物(PMA-100)作络合剂采用络合-超滤技术处理模拟含镉(Cd2+)废水,研究聚合物/金属离子质量比(P/M)、溶液pH、盐浓度、操作压力(TMP)和运行时间等对镉离子截留率和膜通量的影响。结果表明:在一定P/M下,pH在3~7范围内,适当提高溶液pH值有利于镉离子的截留;在一定pH条件下,镉离子截留率R随P/M的增加而增加;当pH=5.8、P/M=6时,镉离子的截留率可达99%以上;溶液pH值在3~7范围内时,NaCl和Na2SO4的存在使镉离子的截留率有所降低。当溶液pH<5.8时,酒石酸钾钠的存在使Cd2+的截留率有所下降。     

Removal of cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by living Aspergillus niger

1 Introduction Heavy metals like copper, mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc cause serious threat to environment, animals and human for their extreme toxicity[1]. Many industries including metal plating, mining, battery, pigment, dyestuff a…     

超细钴粉的制备与表征(英文)

以自制Co(OH)2为原料,乙二醇为溶剂和还原剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为分散剂,液相中还原制备超细钴粉。研究分散剂SDBS浓度对钴粉粒度、比表面积与磁性能的影响。利用比表面积测定、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、磁强计等测试手段对钴粉进行表征。结果表明:钴粉的比表面积随SDBS浓度的增加而增加。当分散剂用量为7.5g/L,制备的钴粉比表面积为8.1235m2/g,晶粒尺寸0.5-0.6μm。钴粉颗粒粒径比较均匀,近似球形,没有发生团聚现象,其物相呈面心立方与密排六方结构,以面心立方为主。分散剂用量为7.5g/L,制备钴粉比饱和磁化强度为39.52A·m2/kg,剩余磁化强度为3.16A·m2/kg,矫顽力为15302A/m;未加入分散剂钴粉比饱和磁化强度为132.93A·m2/kg,剩余磁化强度为21.32A·m2/kg,矫顽力为23347A/m。     

Octa- and tetra-(benzo-15-crown-5)phthalocyanines in surfactant-containing solutions

The behavior of octa-(benzo-15-crown-5)phthalocyanine (H₂cr₈Pc), as well as cobalt octa- and tetra-(benzo-15-crown-5)phthalocyaninates (Cocr₈Pc and Cocr₄Pc), in aqueous solutions containing cationic or anionic surfactants, such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is studied using electronic spectroscopy. The presence of eight benzo-15-crown-5 ether fragments on the periphery of the phthalocyanine ring is shown to facilitate the dissolution of Pc in an aqueous environment. The interactions between CTAB and crown-containing Pc promotes the dissolution of H₂cr₈Pc; Cocr₈Pc; and, to a lesser degree, Cocr₄Pc, which is accompanied by the appearance of molecular aggregates, including heteronuclear cofacial dimers. The presence of a metal in the ring is not the necessary condition of the process. In microscopically heterogeneous medium, such as an aqueous SDS-containing solution, H₂cr₈Pc is present in monomeric form at SDS concentrations close to C _cr and in dimeric form at SDS content below C _cr. Under similar conditions (environment, surfactant), Cocr₄Pc can exist in monomeric form at SDS concentrations much high than C _cr. The effect of the size of cation on the form of the crown-containing Pc in an aqueous solution is illustrated by an example of H₂cr₈Pc. Na-CMC promotes the dissolution of Pc and enables one to produce K⁺/Mcr₈Pc-modified films from aqueous solutions.     

Electrodeposition of Lead from Acetate Electrolyte Containing Additives

The electrodeposition of lead on to steel substrates from acidic acetate electrolyte containing hexadecyl pyridinium bromide (HDPB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has been investigated. In the acetate electrolyte containing a combination of HDPB and SDS, lead of good quality can be deposited. The optimum operating conditions necessary to produce a highly adherent lead deposit have been found to be: pH=5.0, j = 0.33 A dm^?2, T=25°C and time= 10 min. The optimum bath has a throwing power of 19.5% which is relatively high compared with that reported for Pb electrodeposited from sulphamate and fluoroborate baths. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the Pb deposited from the acetate bath is pure and the surface morphology of the deposit shows that the lead deposited from the optimum bath is compact, non-porous and composed of fine-grains covering the entire surface.     

核桃青皮提取物和十二烷基硫酸钠对冷轧钢在H3PO4溶液中的缓蚀协同效应

目的研究核桃青皮提取物(WGHE)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合复配后,对冷轧钢(CRS)在H3PO4中的缓蚀协同效应,揭示缓蚀协同性能影响规律,并探究缓蚀协同机理。方法采用回流提取法从农林废弃物核桃青皮中提取制备出WGHE。利用失重法、电化学法、紫外光谱(UV)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)研究WGHE和SDS的复配缓蚀协同性能、电化学作用机理、紫外吸收曲线以及钢表面的微观形貌。结果高浓度的WGHE对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/L H3PO4中具有较好的缓蚀作用,但低浓度时的缓蚀效果较差。单独SDS使用时,最大缓蚀率不超过60%;将WGHE与SDS复配后,缓蚀性能可进一步提升,尤其在WGHE用量为10～40 mg/L时,复配协同作用显著。缓蚀率随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加而升高,但随着温度的上升有所降低,WGHE、SDS复配前后在钢的表面吸附均符合Langmuir吸附等温式。动电位极化曲线表明,WGHE、SDS为阴极抑制型缓蚀剂,但WGHE/SDS为混合抑制性缓蚀剂。Nyquist图在高频区呈单一弥散容抗弧,而在低频区出现小段感抗弧,WGHE与SDS复配后电荷转移电阻显著增大。协同体系中WGHE和SDS会发生相互作用。SEM和AFM所呈现的微观形貌更加清晰地表明WGHE/SDS具有良好的缓蚀协同性能。结论 WGHE和SDS对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/L H3PO4中具有明显的缓蚀协同效应,复配后缓蚀性能进一步提升,同时有效抑制了钢的阴极和阳极腐蚀反应。