蠕墨铸铁加工研究进展

蠕墨铸铁(CGI)因具有良好的力学、物理、铸造性能和导热性,在汽车行业应用颇受关注。但与加工灰铸铁相比,加工蠕墨铸铁时刀具耐用度大幅降低,需要频繁地更换刀具,经济性下降;或者工厂采用保守的切削参数加工,生产效率降低,这些都阻碍了其大规模生产应用。从蠕墨铸铁的材料特性出发,综述了目前在CGI切削加工机制、刀具、加工工艺等方面的研究现况,指出了蠕墨铸铁加工存在的关键技术问题,以及未来研究CGI加工技术的趋势。     

蠕墨铸铁铣削加工的试验研究

本文研究蠕墨铸铁铣削加工的工艺技术,分析了切削参数对切屑形貌特征的影响规律,建立了基于切削参数的铣削力、粗糙度的线性回归经验公式,对比分析了铣削加工蠕墨铸铁(RU380)、灰口铸铁(HT300)、球墨铸铁(QT500)刀具的失效形式和失效机理,并给出了铣削加工蠕墨铸铁的推荐切削条件。结果表明:蠕墨铸铁铣削加工的切屑为较规则的螺旋管状,切屑颜色接近被加工材料初始色,且几乎不随切削参数变化而改变;高的切削速度和小的进给量能有效改善切屑背面褶皱和层积现象;切削深度对铣削力的影响最为显著,进给量的变化对粗糙度的影响相对明显,采用常规切削参数均能获得良好的粗糙度;蠕墨铸铁铣削刀具的失效机理为粘结磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损,并在其相互影响下导致刀具磨损失效,基本未出现崩缺等异常现象;水冷条件下铣削蠕墨铸铁,刀具寿命较低,且失效形式为崩缺失效,不利于安全生产及发挥刀具性能。     

蠕墨铸铁批量化生产的刀具选型及其加工参数研究

蠕墨铸铁以其良好的强度、耐热性、耐磨性和抗疲劳性逐步取代了发动机缸体和缸盖传统使用的灰铸铁材料。实践表明,在蠕墨铸铁加工时,刀具磨损的速度是加工灰铸铁的10~20倍,机床功率也会增大10%~30%,较低的加工效率和高昂的加工成本严重阻碍了蠕墨铸铁的批量化生产。根据现场生产经验,结合刀具提供商的推荐,选用了4款不同涂层厚度和不同槽型的硬质合金刀具,在线速度100~200 m/min的范围内进行多组切削试验,结果表明,化学气相沉积方法(CVD)制备的厚涂层PM槽型硬质合金刀具,在线速度190 m/min时,表现出最好的刀具寿命。小批量生产验证,与试验结果基本一致。本文研究成果对蠕墨铸铁的批量化生产起到了重要指导作用,大幅降低流水线上的换刀、调刀频率,在保证加工质量的同时,有效提高了企业的生产效率。     

不同冷却喷雾场下硬质涂层刀具切削蠕墨铸铁性能研究

研究在复合喷雾油膜附水滴冷却时,3种不同结构喷嘴的喷雾场及在硬质涂层刀具切削蠕墨铸铁过程中的切屑流向,并分析刀具和喷射位置对切削力的影响。研究表明:与普通圆柱型和扁平型喷嘴相比,尖嘴型喷嘴的雾化效果更佳,无大液滴现象,喷雾集中,连续雾化稳定。在硬质涂层刀具切削加工蠕墨铸铁过程中,当喷雾场只作用于刀具前刀面时,普通圆柱型喷嘴和尖嘴型喷嘴有良好的断屑作用;而尖嘴型喷嘴和扁平型喷嘴对切屑流具有更好的导向性。相对干切削和冷风辅助切削,尖嘴型喷嘴与外冷复合喷雾条件下切削蠕墨铸铁时,切削力可减小30～60 N,其中喷雾场喷射在刀具前刀面时的切削力最低。不同硬质涂层刀具需要与外冷复合喷雾的喷射位置相互匹配以达到最小的切削力。      

Sn对蠕墨铸铁显微组织和切削加工性能的影响

试验浇注了蠕化率均为95%的加入0.08wt.%Sn和不加Sn两种蠕墨铸铁。对比研究了它们的微观组织、力学性能和切削加工性能。合金元素Sn的加入,使蠕虫状石墨得到了细化,并且分布更加均匀,同时,促进了珠光体的形成,珠光体的含量明显增加。在使蠕墨铸铁的强度和硬度提高的同时,也使切削抗力明显增大。     

蠕墨铸铁性能及其在内燃机中应用的研究进展

内燃机作为一种应用广泛的动力源,在轻量化及性能要求不断提高的背景下,大功率内燃机的缸体、缸盖等结构复杂的薄壁铸件逐渐趋向于使用蠕墨铸铁以满足其对力学性能和导热性能的要求。但蠕墨铸铁生产工艺控制较难把握,保证其质量一致性和稳定性存在着一定的难度。综述了蠕墨铸铁中石墨的生长机理,总结了蠕墨铸铁生产技术以及组织性能控制的研究现状。提出了蠕墨铸铁的生产技术存在的问题和解决措施,并给出了蠕墨铸铁研究的发展方向建议。     

石墨形态及金相组织对蠕墨铸铁力学性能的影响

试验浇铸了5种化学成分基本相同,但蠕化率及金相组织均不同的蠕墨铸铁试样,通过金相、拉伸及硬度等试验,对蠕墨铸铁的蠕化率、石墨形态、金相组织、抗拉强度及布氏硬度进行了测定。研究了蠕化率≥80%的情况下,蠕墨铸铁的蠕化率、石墨形态及金相组织对其抗拉强度和硬度等力学性能的综合影响及机理。结果表明,当蠕化率≥80%的情况下,蠕化率的变化并不能显著影响蠕墨铸铁抗拉强度和硬度等力学性能,降低石墨长宽比可以有效提升蠕墨铸铁抗拉强度和硬度;当蠕化率≥80%且石墨长宽比为5~9的情况下,珠光体体积分数对蠕墨铸铁抗拉强度和硬度等力学性能的影响最显著。珠光体体积分数越高,蠕墨铸铁的抗拉强度和硬度等力学性能越好。     

不同孕育剂对蠕墨铸铁显微组织和切削加工性能的影响

试验浇铸了不加孕育剂、加入0.30%硅铁、加入0.30%硅钡孕育剂的3种蠕墨铸铁。对比研究了它们的切削加工性能、力学性能与微观组织之间的关系。研究表明:相同的切削条件下,3种铸铁切削力基本相同;二次孕育处理提高了蠕铁的屈服强度和抗拉强度,并且使珠光体内部的组织更加均匀。     

钒钛蠕墨铸铁的力学性能分析

以钒钛生铁为原材料经蠕化处理后得到钒钛蠕墨铸铁.测试了钒钛蠕墨铸铁的力学性能,评估了其石墨形态和基体组织,通过扫描电镜观察并分析了显微组织和断口形貌.结果表明:钒钛蠕墨铸铁金相组织中蠕化率和基体中的珠光体含量均较高,具有优良的常温力学性能,钒钛元素在蠕墨铸铁中以钒钛碳化物及固溶干渗碳体的形式存在,钒钛等合金元素对蠕墨铸铁力学性能的影响有有利的一面,也有不利的一面,钒钛蠕墨铸铁拉伸试样最终呈韧-脆混合断裂.     

切削加工蠕墨铸铁（CGI）的挑战

蠕墨铸铁（CGI）在柴油机和赛车发动机零件上的应用正日益增多。为了有效切削加工这种极具挑战性的材料，刀具的选择至关重要。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.