多元光谱拟合ICP-AES法同时测定钯中22个杂质元素

试样用HCl-HNO3溶解,采用多元光谱拟合(MSF)ICP-AES法同时测定钯中Pt、Rh、Ir等22个杂质元素,对基体钯的影响、MSF功能、元素分析谱线、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,确定了最佳实验条件。杂质元素测定范围:Ag、Mg、Cu、Cr、Ti、Mn和Co为0.0004%～0.05%;Rh、Ru、Pb、Fe、Pt、Al、Zn、Si、Bi、Ca、Sb、Sn、Au和Ni为0.0005%～0.05%;Ir为0.001%～0.05%;方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)和加标回收率分别为1.9%～8.3%和85.3%～116.7%。此方法的测定元素包含国家标准GB/T 1420-2004钯中要求测定的全部杂质元素,满足SM-Pd 99.99合格性的判定要求,同时涵盖ASTM B589-94(2005)Grade 99.95的要求。     

ICP-MS法测定高纯钯中18个痕量杂质元素

以混合酸(盐酸-硝酸)溶解高纯钯样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定高纯钯中18个杂质元素的方法。确定了最佳测定条件为:采用普通模式测定Pt、Rh、Ir、Ru、Au、Ag、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Mg、Al、Sn和Pb,氨气反应模式测定Si、Fe和Cr(氨气流速分别为0.2、0.3和0.7 mL/min);采用内标校正提高分析的准确性,其中Mg、Al、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cu、Ag、Rh、Ru和Si以Sc为内标,Fe以Y为内标,Sn、Cr和Pb以In为内标,Ir、Au、Bi、Pt以Re为内标。测定各元素的线性相关系数(r)不小于0.9997,方法检出限为0.0061~0.85 ng/mL。对高纯钯样品中18个杂质元素进行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.38%~6.11%,加标回收率86.2%~118.8%,可满足4N~5N高纯钯产品的测定要求。     

ICP-AES法测定Pd-Ag合金中的杂质元素

采用氢氧化钇共沉淀及氯化银沉淀法将合金成份Pd、Ag与被测杂质元素分离,研究了Pd—Ag合金中Pb、Sb、Bi、As、Sn、In、Al、Fe、V、Zr、Cr、Be、Cu、Ni、Ca、Mg、Co、Pt、Ir、Au、Zn、Cd等22个杂质元素的ICP—AES测定方法。相对标准偏差为0.41～5.6％。     

ICP-MS法测定纯铑中16个杂质元素

采用盐酸-过氧化氢微波消解铑粉样品,动态反应池(DRC)技术消除复合离子对Fe、Si的干扰,以内标校正法克服基体效应,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定纯铑中Mg、Al、Si、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ru、Ag、Pd、Sn、Ir、Pt、Au和Pb共16个杂质元素含量的方法。以Y、Re、Sc和In为内标元素,测定加标回收率为88.5%~116.2%,精密度(RSD)为0.63%~13.44%;方法测定下限低,除Fe(0.0001%)和Si(0.0005%)外,其余元素测定下限均不高于0.00005%,在无高纯铑基体匹配的条件下,可满足99.99%的高纯铑测定要求。     

还原、沉淀分离ICP-AES法测定纯银中20个杂质元素

采用还原、沉淀分离ICP-AES法测定纯银中20个杂质元素:Al、As、Au、Bi、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、 Mg、 Mn、 Ni、Pb、Pt、Pd、Sb、Se、Sn、Te和Zn.方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)和加标回收率分别为0.9%～6.9%和93%～108%;方法准确、快速、简便,已用于纯银中杂质元素的分析.     

Al基五元高熵合金的热力学研究

高熵合金具有高硬度、高强度、良好的耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性等优异性能。高熵合金一般由5种或5种以上金属元素组成,不同金属元素可以提高合金内部混乱程度,形成具有简单晶格结构的固溶体相。Miedema理论和几何扩展模型可以计算多组元合金固溶状态的混合焓,而混合焓对高熵合金的固溶相的形成有重要影响。本文利用扩展Miedema理论计算Alx(CuMgSi-T)1-x (T=Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, C, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg,In, Ir, K, La, Li, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nb, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tc, Ti, Tl, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr)五元合金体系固溶状态的混合焓,用已有高熵合金混合焓和原子尺寸判据来预测了Alx(CuMgSi-T)1-x五元高熵合金的成分范围。计算结果表明,Alx(CuMgSi-T)1-x(T=Ag, As, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Ir, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb,Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Tc, Ti, V, W, Zn, Zr)五元体系合金混合焓和原子尺寸方均差δ参数满足相关判据,易于形成五元高熵合金。采用混合焓和δ参数判据可以预测高熵合金的成分,为高熵合金设计提供较为精确的热力学数据。     

钯二元系相图研究进程(1976～1985)

1 前言钯与铂性能近似,而价格便宜,因此应用更广泛。对含钯体系的研究也颇受重视。到目前为止,钯二元系是铂族金属中研究得最多者(共发表65个体系)。1976～1985年间发表的钯二元相图与《贵金属合金相图》一书比较,新增加5个体系,即Pd与C、Ca、Li、Tc和Ru系;作进一步研究的18个体系,即Pd与Ag、Al、B、Cd、Cr、Fe、H、Mo、Nb、P、Pb、Sb、Si、Sn、Ta、Th、V和Zn系;由国际相图协会组织评价的4个体系,即Pd与Au、Mg、Ni、和Ti系,总计27个体系,现分述于后。     

ICP-AES法测定镍铂合金中16个杂质元素

为提高电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法分析检测镍铂合金中杂质含量的准确性，针对Ni-5Pt、Ni-15Pt、Ni-60Pt展开全面的干扰效应研究，对受基体效应严重的Pb、Sn采用基体分离法测定；对直接测定有干扰的元素，通过调节基体与被测元素的测定浓度比例，对应其杂质含量选择整理出的谱线，即能达到准确检测范围；最后通过加标回收的方式验证方法准确度。方法检测范围：Ag、Au:(5～50)×10^-6;Al、Co、Cr、Cu、Mg、Mn、Pd、Pb、Si、Sn、Ti、Zn、Zr:(5～500)×10^-6;Fe:(5～1000)×10^-6。能满足镍铂靶材在市场交易中所需的杂质分析要求。     

锌浴中元素对钢结构件热镀锌的影响

综述了锌浴中的杂质元素(Fe、Pb、Cu、Sn、Cd、Ge等)和合金元素(Al、Ni、Mg、Mn、Bi等)对热镀锌层组织及镀层生长的影响作用。     

钽中杂质元素分析的DCA全谱直读方法研究

原子发射光谱中直流电弧光谱技术在众多粉末材料的检测中具有许多其它技术难以企及的优势,本试验无需样品分解,直接将钽及其化合物转化为氧化物,配制系列氧化钽光谱标样,通过选择采用94%光谱纯碳粉同6%氟化钠混合做载体,15 A分析电流,运用载体分馏效应,用直流电弧阳极激发,电极中实现杂质元素与基体分馏,依据时序分析和扫描峰,确定元素分析波长、元素积分时间、背景扣除点,建立Ta中Fe、Al、Si、Mn、Mg、Ni、Ti、V、Co、Pb、Bi、Sn、Zr、Sb、Cu、Ca、Cr、Nb、Mo、Y、Ga、Ba、In、Ag、As、Re、Zn、Hf、Cd、Te等30种杂质元素同时测定的分析方法,测定范围0.3⁶00μg/g,加标回收率在93%600μg/g,加标回收率在93%¹15%之间,RSD在6%115%之间,RSD在6%²0%之间。     

Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements (Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb) in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCl. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCl and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the deter- mination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 μg?g?1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.     

Site preference of transition-metal elements in B2 NiAl: A comprehensive study

First-principles supercell calculations based on density functional theory were performed to study the T = 0 K site preference of 3d (Ti–Cu), 4d (Zr–Ag) and 5d (Hf–Au) transition-metal elements in B2 NiAl. By adopting a statistical-mechanical Wagner–Schottky model within the canonical ensemble, the effects of finite temperature on site preference were further considered. The calculations showed that, at all alloy compositions and temperatures, Co, Tc, Ru, Rh, Re, Os, Ir and Pt have a consistent preference for the Ni sublattice, while Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta have a consistent preference for the Al sublattice. In contrast, the site preference of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Pd, Ag, W and Au was found to depend on both composition and temperature. The present calculated results compare favorably with existing theoretical and experimental studies in the literature.     

First-principles study of site occupancy of dilute 3d, 4d and 5d transition metal solutes in L10 TiAl

Using a statistical-mechanical Wagner–Schottky model parametrized by first-principles density-functional (DFT-GGA) calculations on 32-atom supercells, we predict the lattice site occupancy of 3d (Ti–Cu), 4d (Zr–Ag) and 5d (Hf–Au) transition-metal elements in L1₀ TiAl intermetallic compound as a function of both alloy composition and temperature. The effects of local atomic relaxations, anisotropic lattice distortions, as well as magnetism on point defect energetics are fully taken into account. Our calculations show that, at all alloy compositions and temperatures, Zr and Hf consistently show a preference for the Ti sublattice, while Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt and Au consistently show a preference for the Al sublattice. In contrast, the site preference of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ta and W strongly depend on both alloy stoichiometry and temperature. Our calculated results compare favorably with the existing theoretical and experimental studies in the literature.     

X-荧光光谱仪在膨胀合金成分测定中的应用

介绍了用3530型X射线荧光光谱仪同时测定膨胀合金中Mn、Si、P、S、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Ti、Al、Cu、Mg、Zr共13种元素的方法。该方法具有测试简单、数据准确的特点。方法经标样检验，结果与标准值相符，各组分的RSD≤0.05%。     

The effect of various ternary additives on the oxidation behavior of TiAl in high-temperature air

Twenty-four ternary element additions were made to a binary TiAl alloy (Ti–34.5 wt.% Al), and the oxidation behavior was studied. As a result of the oxidation tests in air at 1173 K for 360 ks, ternary elements were classified into three groups according to their effects, namely, (a) detrimental; V, Cr, Mn, Pd, Pt, Cu; (b) neutral; Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Au, Sn, O; (c) beneficial; Nb, Mo, W, Si, Al, C, B. This classification was valid for Cr, Mn, Mo, and W under several other temperature and time conditions. The influence of the additions was very significant, the difference in the weight gain between the best and the worst alloys being approximately two orders of magnitude. As a result of detailed examinations, it was confirmed that Cr and Mn additions caused linear-oxidation behavior from the outset at 1173 K, virtually no Al₂O₃ barrier being formed. This is probably due to the doping of those elements in TiO₂. The beneficial elements, such as Mo, Nb, W, resulted in protectiveoxidation behavior. The characteristic features of the scale on those alloys were the presence of a continuous Al₂O₃ layer as the second layer from the outer surface and the relatively massive precipitation of Al₂O₃ in the vicinity of the scale-metal interface. Also, these alloys did not show any evidence of internal oxidation. The scale types and the proposed mechanism for the innerscale formation are described.     

ICP-AES法测定抗癌药物奥沙利铂中微量银、钯、镉

将试样先灼烧,HCl- HNO3溶解后,在20%盐酸介质中,用ICP-AES法直接测定抗癌药物奥沙利铂中微量银、钯、镉.对试样处理方法、元素分析谱线、基体铂的影响、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,确定了最佳实验条件.测定范围为0.0005%～0.12%,加标回收率为96.4%～106.3%,相对标准偏差为2.53%～3.64%.方法操作简便、快速、准确.