阴极等离子电解制备抗氧化涂层

目的 通过对阴极等离子电解放电机制进行讨论,提出大面积沉积复杂形状试样的解决办法.方法 在电解液中添加表面活性剂和氯铂酸制备Pt颗粒弥散的复合涂层,通过测试电流密度-电压曲线,分析气膜放电机制,通过扫描电子显微镜对涂层的表面、截面形貌进行分析表征.结果 在电解液中添加表面活性剂或者在阴极区施加微珠,使气膜层更均匀,同时降低了沉积涂层的电流密度.随着Pt含量的增加,涂层孔隙率逐渐降低.涂层中弥散的Pt颗粒起到了弥散增韧的作用,提高了涂层的断裂韧性和抗剥落性能.结论 实现了在大面积复杂形状试样上制备陶瓷涂层,并通过在涂层中弥散Pt颗粒提高了涂层的致密性.     

阴极等离子电解沉积ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-Pt复合热障涂层组织及特性

采用在阴极区添加陶瓷微珠进行阴极等离子电解的方法,可以在大面积的高温合金上沉积ZrO2-5%Al2O3弥散Pt微粒的复合热障涂层。SEM形貌观测结果表明,涂层的内层为致密结构,外层为多孔结构,涂层厚度可达200μm。XRD分析结果表明,该涂层由t-ZrO2、c-ZrO2、α-Al2O3。在1100℃空气中循环氧化结果表明,随着Pt含量的增加,ZrO2-5%Al2O3弥散Pt微粒的复合热障涂层抗高温氧化性能和抗剥落性能显著提高,隔热实验证明该涂层具有优异的隔热性能。这些优异的性能可归于弥散Pt微粒的增韧效应,垂直闭塞微孔可以松弛应力的效应。     

阴极等离子电解大面积沉积弥散Pt微粒增韧8YSZ热障涂层

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在高温合金表面制备一层Ni Co Cr Al Y粘结层,然后采用阴极等离子电解沉积(CPED)制备一层弥散Pt微粒的8YSZ涂层。通过在电解液中加入陶瓷微珠,促使阴极表面发生均匀的等离子微弧放电,实现了在大面积样品上沉积8YSZ涂层。获得的涂层厚度到达120μm,具有多孔结构,由立方相和四方相8YSZ以及Pt组成。1100℃空气中循环氧化的结果表明,随着涂层中Pt含量的的增加,涂层的抗高温氧化和抗剥落性能得到明显提高。Pt微粒对8YSZ涂层的增韧作用主要为:Pt微粒塑性变形吸收裂纹扩展的能量,钝化裂纹尖端,减小裂纹尺寸,提高涂层的临界断裂应力。     

玻璃工业用铂合金与复合材料

评述了各种铂材在玻璃工业中的应用和它们的主要特性。基于铂的高温化恘性能和力恘性能稳定性以及高的抗熔融玻璃浸润性,铂合金、铂复合材料和涂层材料成为制造高级玻璃和玻璃纤维的最佳高温结构材料。介绍和评述了玻璃工业用各种铂材,包括Pt、Pt固溶体合金(Pt-Rh、Pt-Rh-Au、Pt-Pd-Rh)、铂复合材料(颗粒弥散复合材料、层状复合材料和包覆复合材料)和先进铂涂层材料的特性和在玻璃工业中的具体应用。     

四种典型高温防护涂层的抗氧化性能

目的系统地评价典型高温防护涂层的抗高温氧化性能,并分析其失效机制。方法通过对比普通Ni Al涂层、NiCrAlY涂层、Pt改性Ni Al涂层以及Pt+Hf共改性Ni Al涂层等四种典型高温防护涂层在1100℃的恒温氧化行为,从氧化过程中的氧化增重、组织结构演变规律等角度出发,分析了四种涂层在高温氧化过程中的抗氧化性能以及氧化失效规律。结果四种涂层在1100℃恒温氧化过程中的增重均符合抛物线规律。普通Ni Al涂层氧化膜粘附性能较差,氧化膜快速剥落,涂层退化最快。NiCrAlY涂层中Y元素在氧化膜/涂层界面形成"钉扎"作用,显著提高氧化膜的粘附性能,但由于涂层内部Al元素含量降低,涂层1100℃氧化300 h后基本失效。Pt改性Ni Al涂层的氧化膜较为完整,但氧化膜起伏严重。Pt+Hf共改性Ni Al涂层的氧化膜均匀完整且无明显起伏,具有综合最优的抗高温氧化性能。结论四种涂层的抗高温氧化性能排序为:Pt+Hf共改性Ni Al Pt改性NiAl普通Ni AlNiCrAlY。     

双极串联脉冲放电沉积微晶涂层的高温氧化行为

提出了一种以脉冲电源两极作为沉积电极 ,以被处理试样作为感应电极 ,发生串联脉冲放电沉积金属涂层的新技术。通过“针—板—针”电极放电实验证实了上述串联脉冲放电过程。采用改进的双极串联电脉冲沉积设备在 1Cr18Ni8不锈钢基体上沉积了 1Cr18Ni8微晶涂层和弥散Y2 O3 微小颗粒的 1Cr18Ni8微晶涂层。在 95 0℃空气中进行的高温氧化实验结果表明 ,获得的 1Cr18Ni8微晶涂层极大地提高了抗高温氧化性能 ,同时还证实在微晶涂层中施加微小弥散Y2 O3 颗粒有助于进一步降低涂层的氧化速率及提高氧化膜的抗剥落性能     

Pt改性镍基高温合金铝化物涂层研究进展

综述了镍基高温合金上抗高温氧化的Pt改性β-(Ni,Pt)Al涂层和γ-γ′型涂层,重点介绍了Pt改性铝化物涂层制备工艺,不同工艺条件下涂层的微观结构,Pt增强铝化物涂层抗氧化性能的作用机理,Al对涂层高温氧化性能的影响,并从元素互扩散、相变、表面起伏等方面描述了涂层退化过程,最后对Pt改性铝化物涂层发展进行展望。     

Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉的微束等离子喷涂

用行星式球磨技术制备了Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉末.为改善球磨后粉末的流动性,对粉末进行了喷雾造粒,并利用微束等离子喷涂(MPS)技术制备涂层.采用XRD、SEM等方法研究弥散强化粉末及其喷涂层的微观组织结构.试验结果表明,球磨加工后,Al3O3颗粒尺寸为微纳米级,并弥散分布于Ni-Cr基体粉末中.经微束等离子喷涂后,涂层结构较致密,孔隙率低(<2%).涂层经650 ℃高温耐冲蚀试验后,发现微纳米结构涂层的耐冲蚀性良好,这与Al2O3陶瓷对涂层的增韧机理有关.     

弥散强化型铂基高温合金

弥散强化Pt合金的成功开发与应用是20世纪铂合金材料发展最重要的成就。评述了以碳化物和氧化物弥散强化Pt和Pt合金的发展和制备技术、弥散强化Pt合金的结构特征以及弥散强化Pt合金的室温和高温性能,讨论了弥散强化Pt合金的强化机制。     

一种Zr改性双相PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al涂层的制备及热腐蚀行为研究

在镍基单晶高温合金上采用复合电镀的方法沉积Pt-Zr复合镀层,随后通过气相渗铝的方法,获得Zr改性的PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al双相涂层,该涂层分为3层:外层由PtAl_2颗粒弥散分布在b-(Ni,Pt)Al中的双相区组成,中间层为b-(Ni,Pt)Al及少量Cr的析出物,内层为互扩散区(IDZ)。其中,Zr元素主要固溶在外层双相区以及中间层b-(Ni,Pt)Al中。分别对Zr改性和普通PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al双相涂层在850℃下Na2SO4/Na Cl(75∶25,质量比)混合盐中进行热腐蚀实验,结果表明,因Zr元素具有固定S和Cl的作用,可降低S和Cl在热腐蚀过程中的破坏性,故Zr改性PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al双相涂层比普通PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al双相涂层具有更好的抗热腐蚀性能。经过低真空预氧化处理后,普通PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al双相涂层表面生成的Al_2O_3膜较薄,在后续热腐蚀过程中并不能有效抵挡混合盐的持续入侵,涂层长期抗热腐蚀性能与原始状态PtAl_2+(Ni,Pt)Al涂层样品接近。     

Effect of applied current on the electrodeposited Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings

Nano-sized Al₂O₃ ceramic particles (50 nm) were co-deposited with nickel using electrodeposition technique to develop composite coatings. The coatings were produced in an aqueous nickel bath at different current densities and the research investigated the effect of applied current on microstructure and thickness of the coatings. The variation in some mechanical properties such as hardness, wear resistance, and the adhesive strength of the composite coatings is influenced by the applied current and this was also studied. The morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The hardness, wear resistance, and bond strength of the coatings were evaluated by Vickers micro-hardness test, pin-on-disc test, and tensile test, respectively. Results showed that the Al₂O₃ particles were uniformly distributed in the coatings, and the coatings deposited at a current density of 0.01 A/cm² was most favorable in achieving a maximum current efficiency which causes the co-deposition of a maximum amount of Al₂O₃ particles (4.3 wt.%) in the coatings. The increase in Al₂O₃ particles in the coatings increased the mechanical properties of the Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings by grain refining and dispersion strengthening mechanisms.     

Al_2O_3/MoS_2复合涂层的制备及摩擦磨损性能

以大气等离子喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层为模板,利用陶瓷涂层中存在的孔隙和微裂纹,采用水热反应在其内部原位合成具有润滑特性的MoS_2,制备出Al_2O_3/MoS_2的复合涂层。结果表明,通过水热反应在陶瓷涂层原有的微观缺陷中成功合成了MoS_2,合成的MoS_2固体粉末呈类球形状,并且这球状的粉末是由纳米片层状的MoS_2搭建组成的。摩擦试验结果表明,与纯Al_2O_3涂层相比,复合涂层中由于MoS_2润滑膜的形成,其摩擦因数和磨损率都显著降低,且载荷越大,复合涂层的摩擦性能越好。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3 composite coatings produced by atmospheric plasma spraying

Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. Phase composition of powders and as-sprayed coatings was determined by X-ray diffraction. Electron probe microanalyzer was employed to investigate the polished and fractured surface morphologies of the coatings. Mechanical properties including microhardness, fracture toughness and bending strength were evaluated. The results indicate that the addition of Cr₂O₃ is conducive to the stabilization of α-Al₂O₃. Compared with the pure Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings, Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ composite coatings show lower porosities and denser structures. Heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al₂O₃ occurs over the isostructural Cr₂O₃ lamellae and partial solid solution of Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ might be occurring as well. Furthermore, grain refining and solid solution strengthening facilitate the mechanical property enhancement of Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ composite coatings.     

Cyclic oxidation behavior and thermal barrier effect of YSZ-(Al2O3/YAG) double-layer TBCs prepared by the composite sol-gel method

Novel YSZ (6 wt.% yttria partially stabilized zirconia)-(Al₂O₃/YAG) (alumina-yttrium aluminum garnet, Y₃Al₅O₁₂) double-layer ceramic coatings were fabricated using the composite sol-gel and pressure filtration microwave sintering (PFMS) technologies. The thin Al₂O₃/YAG layer had good adherence with substrate and thick YSZ top layer, which presented the structure of micro-sized YAG particles embedded in nano-sized α-Al₂O₃ film. Cyclic oxidation tests at 1000 °C indicated that they possessed superior properties to resist oxidation of alloy and improve the spallation resistance. The thermal insulation capability tests at 1000 °C and 1100 °C indicate that the 250 μm coating had better thermal barrier effect than that of the 150 μm coating at different cooling gas rates. These beneficial effects should be mainly attributed to that, the oxidation rate of thermal grown oxides (TGO) scale is decreased by the “sealing effect” of α-Al₂O₃, the “reactive element effect”, and the reduced thermal stresses by means of nano/micro composite structure. This double-layer coating can be considered as a promising TBC.     

Oxidation and interfacial fracture behaviour of NiCrAlY/Al2O3 coatings on an orthorhombic-Ti2AlNb alloy

Al₂O₃ diffusion barriers of various thicknesses have been fabricated by filtered arc ion plating between the NiCrAlY coating and the O-Ti₂AlNb alloy. Isothermal oxidation tests and three-point bend tests have been conducted to investigate the influence of the Al₂O₃ diffusion barriers on the oxidation and interfacial fracture behaviour of the coatings. The results indicate that the Al₂O₃ diffusion barrier defers interdiffusion and gives oxidation resistance of the NiCrAlY coatings. The thickness of the Al₂O₃ interlayer not only influences the oxidation behaviour but also affects the interfacial fracture properties. Additionally, thermal exposure affects the critical load in three-point bend tests.     

Investigation on the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Ni-Al2O3 nano-composite coatings prepared by sediment co-deposition

Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings were prepared by using sediment co-deposition (SCD) technique from a Watt's type electrolyte containing nano-Al₂O₃ particles. The corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of resulting composite coatings were investigated. It was found that the incorporation of nano-Al₂O₃ particles in Ni matrix refined the Ni crystal and changed the preferential orientation of composite coatings. Meanwhile, the corrosion and oxidation resistance were improved after the incorporation of nano-Al₂O₃ particles into Ni matrix. The nano-Al₂O₃ content in deposits plays an important role for improving the corrosion and oxidation protection. The corrosion and oxidation resistance of Ni-Al₂O₃ nano-composite coatings produced via SCD technique are superior to that of CEP technique. Compared to pure Ni and Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings fabricated using CEP technique, the Ni-7.58 wt.% Al₂O₃ composite coating obtained by SCD technique exhibits better corrosion resistance and enhanced high temperature oxidation resistance. Moreover, the mechanism of corrosion and high temperature oxidation resistance of Ni-Al₂O₃ nano-composite coatings are discussed.     

A facile method for fabrication of nano-structured Ni-Al2O3 graded coatings: Structural characterization

Powder charges of micron-size Ni and Al₂O₃ were utilized to deposit nano-structured Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings on an aluminum plate fixed at the top end of a milling vial using a planetary ball mill. Composite coatings were fabricated using powder mixtures with a wide range of Ni/Al₂O₃ mass ratio varying from 1:1 to plain Ni. XRD, SEM and TEM techniques were employed to study the structural characteristics of the coatings. It was found that the composition of the starting mixture strongly affects the Al₂O₃ content and the microstructure of the final coating. Mixtures containing higher contents of Al₂O₃ yield higher volume fractions of the Al₂O₃ particles in the coating. Though Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings with about 50% of Al₂O₃ particles were successfully deposited, well-compacted and free of cracks and/or voids coatings included less than 20% (volume fraction) of Al₂O₃ particles which were deposited from powder mixtures with Ni/Al₂O₃ mass ratios of 4:1 or higher. Moreover, mechanical and metallurgical bondings are the main mechanisms of the adhesion of the coating to the Al substrate. Finally, functionally graded composite coatings with noticeable compaction and integrity were produced by deposition of two separate layers under identical coating conditions.     

Al2O3纳米粒子环氧涂层对钢筋防护性能的电化学噪声分析

目的研究Al2O3纳米粒子环氧复合涂层对钢筋的防护性能。方法制备Al2O3纳米粒子,将其添加至环氧涂料中,并涂覆在工业钢筋表面成膜。通过XRD和SEM对Al2O3进行表征;利用电化学噪声、交流阻抗谱分析技术,对复合涂层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl介质中对工业钢筋的防护性能进行测试分析。结果制备的氧化铝纳米粒子的粒径平均为75 nm。通过对电化学噪声测试的有效数据进行时域和频域分析,通过交流阻抗谱分析及数据拟合,认为Al2O3纳米粒子添加量为0.1%(以占环氧树脂质量的百分比计)时,涂层对钢筋的防护性能最好。结论向环氧涂层中添加适量的Al2O3纳米粒子,可以明显提升其对钢筋的防护性能。     

Effect of a magnetron sputtered (Al2O3-Y2O3)/(Pt-Au) laminated coating on hot corrosion resistance of 8Nb-TiAl alloy

Novel (Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃)/(Pt-Au) laminated coatings were prepared on 8Nb-TiAl alloy by magnetron sputtering methods. (Na₂SO₄-NaCl)-induced hot corrosion and cyclic oxidation tests were adopted to investigate the high-temperature corrosion behaviours and the mechanical properties of the as-prepared laminated coatings. The results revealed that the multi-sealed (Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃) and (Pt-Au) layers can effectively suppress the inward diffusion of oxygen and corrosive fused salt to an extremely low level at 1000 °C and 900 °C respectively. Consequently, the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the 8Nb-TiAl alloy can be significantly improved. In addition, cyclic tests revealed the (Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃)/(Pt-Au) laminated coating can exhibit enhanced spallation and fracture resistance, which are attributable to the brittle/ductile laminated composite structure by means of energy release mechanisms and the increased thermal expansion coefficient of the coating by the addition of Pt-Au alloy.     

The study of NiAl-TiB2 coatings prepared by electro-thermal explosion ultrahigh speed spraying technology

NiAl-TiB₂ composite coatings with 0, 10 and 20 wt.% TiB₂ were synthesized on the Ni-based superalloy substrate using electro-thermal explosion ultrahigh speed spraying technology. The microstructure analysis shows that the coatings consist of submicron grains. The bond between coatings and substrate is metallic cohesion. TiB₂ as a powerful reinforcement is doped in NiAl for increasing its hardness. The isothermal oxidation test is carried out for the composite coatings at 1100 °C in air. The result shows that the oxidation resistance of NiAl coating is higher than that of NiAl-10TiB₂ and NiAl-20TiB₂ coatings. The phases of oxides on the coatings during the process at high temperature have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coexistence on surface of NiAl coating, while Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, TiO₂ and a small amount of NiO form on surface of NiAl-10TiB₂ and NiAl-20TiB₂ coatings after oxidation for 4 h.