激光熔覆高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层的原位反应机制及其微结构

通过激光熔覆技术在BT3-1钛合金表面制备了高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层。根据差热(DTA)和热重(TG)曲线,探讨了氩气和氮气保护下Ti、Al、Nb 3种元素混合粉末之间的激光原位合成反应机制。借助X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了复合涂层的物相结构和微观形貌。结果表明:复合涂层主要由单质Nb、金属间化合物γ-Ti Al、α_2-Ti_3Al_2和Ti_3Al_2等物相组成,Nb只有部分发生了原位反应。N_2能够降低Ti-Al二元反应之间的反应温度,提高反应速率,对Ti-Al二元反应起催化作用。涂层中没有出现一般激光熔覆过程所具有的外延生长特性的柱状晶组织,而是细小的等轴晶。     

激光比能对Fe2B激光熔覆涂层微观组织与性能的影响

利用粉末喷射激光熔覆以球形硼铁粉末为原材料成功制备了 Fe₂B 金属间化合物涂层。 采用金相显微镜 (OM)、 X 射线衍射仪 (XRD)、 扫描电镜 ( SEM)、 电子探针 (EPMA)、 显微维氏硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的组织与性能进行了表征。 结果表明: 当激光比能控制在 3. 00×10 ⁸ kJ/ m ² 左右时, 采用粉末喷射激光熔覆能制备较为理想的 Fe₂B 金属间化合物涂层。 制备的单层涂层的物相为 Fe₂B 与 Fe, 显微硬度峰值达 1360 HV_{0. 05} , 涂层组织中大量弥散分布的 Fe₂B 相的生成是涂层具有高硬度的原因。 制备的多层涂层与基体具有良好的冶金结合, 从基体到涂层, 组织经历了一个由平面外延生长组织到胞状晶再到等轴晶的演变过程, 涂层稳定摩擦因数为 0. 385, 磨损率为 5. 67×10 ^-15 m ³ / N·m,表现出良好的耐磨性能, 磨损机制为磨粒磨损与疲劳磨损。     

CoCrNiAlY涂层制备工艺对组织形态及高温氧化行为的影响

为了研究CoCrNiAlY涂层微观组织结构对高温氧化行为和剥落行为的影响规律,采用激光熔覆技术和等离子喷涂工艺在718高温合金表面制备CoCrNiAlY涂层,观察其微观组织形态。利用XRD和SEM对1150 ℃高温氧化试验样品进行氧化层物相分析和形貌观察。结果表明,激光熔覆制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层中形成了胞状亚结构的等轴晶凝固组织,相对于等离子喷涂制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层结构更致密,具有更优异的抗高温氧化性能。在高温氧化过程中,等离子喷涂CoCrNiAlY涂层生成了以Cr₂O₃结构为主的复合氧化膜。激光熔覆CoCrNiAlY涂层生成Al₂O₃结构的单一氧化膜,而且熔覆层中原位形成的Y₂O₃钉扎作用能有效提高氧化膜的抗剥落性。文中系统分析讨论了两种不同工艺制备的组织形态对高温氧化膜形成机制的影响,激光熔覆涂层在高温下主要是以界面扩散方式形成致密的Al₂O₃膜,等离子喷涂涂层在高温下以界面反应的方式快速形成Cr₂O₃复合氧化膜。     

Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆Co-Cu/Ti3SiC2复合涂层组织与摩擦学性能∗

为突破 Ti6Al4V 合金在关键运动零部件的应用限制,提高其耐磨减摩性能并延长稳定服役周期,采用激光熔覆技术成功在其表面制备 Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ 、Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ -10%Cu、Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ -20%Cu (wt. %) 三种配比的复合涂层,系统分析三种复合涂层的微观组织、物相、显微硬度以及室温和 600 ℃ 下的摩擦学性能和磨损机理。 研究发现:Co-5%Ti 3 SiC2 涂层主要由γ-Co 固溶体、润滑相 Ti ₃ SiC₂ 、硬质相 TiC 和金属间化合物 CoTi _x 构成,含 Cu 涂层出现新物相 Cu 及 CuTi _x。 性能上,复合涂层的显微硬度均得到大幅提高,达到 Ti6Al4V 基体(370 HV_{0. 5} )的 2. 1 ~ 2. 4 倍。 室温下,Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ -10%Cu 涂层表现出最好的减摩性能,摩擦因数降低了 68. 7%;而在 600 ℃ 下,复合涂层发生严重氧化,形成氧化膜使磨损率降低,其中 Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂-20%Cu 涂层磨损率为 2. 5×10^-7 mm ³ / N·m,表现出最好的耐磨性。 探索了一类新的耐磨减摩涂层体系,表现出良好的提升效果,并揭示了 MAX 相与传统软金属之间的协同润滑过程。     

热处理对钛合金表面激光原位合成高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物涂层高温抗氧化行为的影响

采用激光原位合成技术在BT3-1钛合金表面制备了高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层。根据XRD谱分析涂层的物相结构,通过GSL-1600X型管式炉测试950℃循环氧化条件下热处理前后基材和涂层单位面积的氧化增重,绘制氧化动力学曲线,并据此比较涂层和基材的抗氧化性能。借助OM和SEM观察了氧化前后涂层的微观形貌,探讨了其高温抗氧化机理。结果表明,热处理前的涂层主要由单质Nb、金属间化合物g-TiAl、a_2-Ti_3Al和Ti_3Al2等物相组成,热处理后的涂层,单质Nb固溶到g-TiAl和a2-Ti_3Al中,同时形成了新相Ti_3Al Nb0.3,涂层近似为g-TiAl+a_2-Ti_3Al双相组织。热处理前涂层的氧化动力学曲线介于线性规律和抛物线规律之间,其高温抗氧化性能比钛合金基材提高了2倍。热处理后涂层的氧化动力学曲线近似呈抛物线规律,且氧化速率小,其高温抗氧化性能比钛合金基材提高了20倍以上。950℃循环氧化条件下,涂层氧化层表面形成了连续致密的胶囊状氧化物,氧化层紧密粘附在未氧化涂层部分,氧化层对涂层起到了良好保护作用,而钛合金基材表面则形成疏松多孔的絮状氧化物,氧化层从基材处碎裂、剥落。Nb的合金化显著改善了Ti-Al金属间化合物的高温抗氧化性能。     

功率对激光熔覆(Fe0.25Co0.25Ni0.25Cr0.125Mo0.125)86B14涂层组织均质性及磨损性能的影响*

目前激光熔覆缺少对涂层组织、相结构纵向均质性与性能关联的研究。采用激光熔覆技术,选取不同的激光功率,制备(Fe_0.25Co_0.25Ni_0.25Cr_0.125Mo_0.125)₈₆B₁₄ 高熵合金涂层;借助电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)等观察涂层微观组织与物相纵向分布,利用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层不同深度部位显微硬度及磨损性能,分析激光功率对熔覆(Fe_0.25Co_0.25Ni_0.25Cr_0.125Mo_0.125)₈₆B₁₄ 涂层纵向组织、物相分布影响规律及磨损性能。结果表明：三种功率下,涂层均由 BCC+FCC 相、硬质相 Mo₂B 组成,Mo₂B 在枝晶间富集。随着功率的增加,涂层中底部显微组织由细枝晶向粗大的柱状晶转变。三种涂层硬度均由表及里先增加后降低,摩擦因数先降低后增加;但是当激光功率为 1.6 kW 时,涂层呈现以 BCC 相为主的 FCC+BCC 双相结构,且由表及里 BCC 相含量不断增加、Mo₂B 含量逐渐减少,涂层组织均质化最高,摩擦因数变化梯度最小,耐磨损性能最佳。激光功率会影响熔覆高熵合金耐磨涂层均质性,进而影响摩擦性能的稳定性。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆原位自生TiC增强金属基复合材料涂层

以Ti,SiC混合粉末作为预置合金涂层,采用2kW连续Nd:YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在6061铝合金表面借助于接触反应法制备原位生成TiC颗粒增强Al-Ti复合材料涂层。试验结果表明：采用适合的激光辐照工艺参数,可获得增强相TiC弥散分布,以Ti-Al金属间化合物及Al过饱和固溶体为主要组成相的复合材料熔覆层组织。TiC颗粒与复合材料基体润湿良好,熔覆层结晶致密,与6061铝合金基材呈良好的冶金,珂明显地改善铝合金的表面性能。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆NiCrAl/TiC涂层生成和强化机制

为了改善铝合金表面的磨损性能,在A390铝合金表面激光熔覆制备Ni Cr Al/Ti C复合涂层。借助XRD和EDS分析了涂层的物相组成;通过SEM分析了涂层的微观组织;结合Al-Ni二元平衡相图和热力学知识对熔覆层Al-Ni金属间化合物形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:涂层物相包括Al Ni、Al3Ni2、Ti C、Cr13Ni5Si2、Cu9Al4和少量α-Al相;涂层自下至上分别为胞状晶、柱状树枝晶和等轴晶;熔覆层中Ti C颗粒强化机制包括细晶强化、硬质相颗粒弥散强化和位错堆积强化;熔覆层平均显微硬度为676 HV0.2,是A390铝合金的4倍。     

AZ91D镁合金表面等离子熔覆NiAl/TiC复合涂层

采用等离子熔覆技术在AZ91D镁合金表面熔覆了NiAl/Ti+C复合粉末,制备出原位合成TiC增强的NiAl金属间化合物基复合涂层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)研究了复合涂层的物相和组织,对复合涂层的显微硬度和耐蚀性进行了测定.结果表明:复合涂层主要由NiAl金属间化合物和分布其上的块状TiC陶瓷相组成;在金属间化合物和陶瓷相的作用下,熔覆层具有高的硬度和耐蚀性能.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆原位合成TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层

目的 为探究Ti6Al4V钛合金表面TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层的激光熔覆制备新工艺，研究Nb含量对TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层微结构及显微硬度的影响规律。方法 以Nb原子数分数分别为10%、15%和25%的Ti+Nb+AlN混合粉末为原材料，采用基于挤压预置粉末法的激光熔覆原位合成技术，制备出TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）物相定性分析，并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量分散谱仪（EDS），对TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层中的物相进行定性分析，结合二元平衡相图，进一步分析激光原位化学反应机理。借助显微硬度计，研究TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层微结构对截面显微硬度分布的影响规律。结果 在高能密度激光束作用下，混合粉末中Ti和AlN发生了充分的激光原位化学反应，生成了TiN陶瓷增强相，TiN陶瓷增强相的含量与Ti粉和AlN粉末的含量正相关。Nb含量的增加显著影响了Ti-Al-Nb基体相的种类，而不改变增强相的种类，随着Nb含量的增加，含Nb基体相的种类增多，发生Ti3Al→Ti3AlNb→Ti2AlNb→Ti39Nb→Nb7Al的转变。随着TiN增强相含量减少，复合涂层截面平均显微硬度从993.2HV0.5降至701.4HV0.5。结论 Nb含量的增加，不会改变TiN/Ti-Al-Nb基复合涂层增强相的种类，但可以降低TiN增强相的含量，从而降低复合涂层截面平均显微硬度。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.