CO2环境下油管腐蚀与涂层油管应用研究

目的分析评价TK70和DPC两种涂层油管在鄂尔多斯盆地某油田现场CO_2腐蚀环境中的防腐防垢性能。方法模拟现场CO_2驱油腐蚀工况条件,通过高温高压釜进行耐腐蚀和防垢性能试验,对TK70和DPC两种涂层油管试样(封边和未封边)进行了分析评价,对比了涂层油管试样在高温高压釜试验前后结垢的形貌特征,对腐蚀油管进行腐蚀特征和能谱分析。采用8口油井采出水作为腐蚀介质溶液,进行室内挂片腐蚀试验,并对比TK70涂层和普通J55油管试样的平均腐蚀速率。结果腐蚀油管内壁有较为严重的局部腐蚀现象,能谱分析表明腐蚀产物主要是Fe CO3及少量Ca CO3沉积物。耐腐蚀性能试验表明,两种内涂层均未发生鼓泡和边缘剥落,耐腐蚀性良好。8口油井采出水作为试验介质,测得普通J55油管和TK70涂层油管试样(未封边)的腐蚀速率平均值分别为0.145~0.363 mm/a和0.015~0.059 mm/a。涂层表面结垢不明显,而金属基体表面一侧结垢明显,试验介质溶液的失钙镁率分别为231.77%和796.51%,涂层在一定程度上可以防止结垢。结论 TK70和DPC两种涂层油管具有良好的防腐防垢性能,TK70涂层油管在模拟工况条件下的腐蚀速率满足≤0.076 mm/a的标准要求,在CO_2腐蚀环境下有良好的适用性。     

钨镍合金镀层油管适用性

为研究钨镍合金镀层防腐蚀技术在酸性气井油管上应用的可行性,在P110S挂片试样表面及油管内壁电镀一种钨镍合金镀层,对镀层试样进行模拟高含H2S和CO2环境中的耐腐蚀性能评价,同时对钨镍合金镀层油管进行上卸扣及密封性能的实物试验评价.高温高压釜模拟腐蚀试验结果表明,钨镍合金镀层试片在高含H2S高含CO2的油气井模拟工况下具有较好的耐蚀性能;硫化物应力腐蚀开裂试验表明,该镀层不影响基体材质的抗硫化物应力开裂性能.基于ISO 13679标准的实物试验结果表明,钨镍合金镀层可以用在特殊油管接头上,其具有良好的抗粘扣性能,且不影响密封性能.     

某凝析气井涂层油管腐蚀穿孔原因分析

某凝析气井在生产过程中多次出现产量异常,关井后对井油管内涂层损伤和腐蚀情况进行调查,发现油管公扣端内涂层存在较大面积损伤。通过对油管涂层起泡和起泡处腐蚀金属的一系列理化检验分析,结果表明:井油管的腐蚀穿孔是由于油管内壁涂层酸化或者涂层缺陷,导致涂层起泡破损及脱落而失效,在井下的H_2O、CO_2、Cl~-等介质的共同作用下,油管内壁涂层脱落处发生局部腐蚀甚至穿孔。     

油管钢保护环生产

<正> 按 API 标准规定,石油管制造厂对其石油管产品,在接箍内丝扣和管端外丝扣部分应附有内外丝扣保护环。保护环应能对管端或管接箍的丝扣及其端面起到保护作用。在库存、运输和经常搬运时保证丝扣不致被损坏。为了生产符合使用要求的油管保护环,我们制定了一套可行的保护环生产工艺,对一些通用设备加以改革,形成了一条油管钢保护环生产作业线。本文介绍了     

LN209井PC400内涂层油管应用研究

研究了在塔里木油田LN209注水井中，高温、高压、高矿化度环境内使用5年的PC400内涂层油管的使役行，结果表明，涂层性能仍然良好.在该井极严重腐蚀环境中，保护油管钢未发生腐蚀.现场油管分析报告表明，在作业施工中磕碰损坏涂层的油管公端面产生局部腐蚀.对涂层破损处的油管形貌观察结果表明，涂层破损处油管发生严重的冲刷腐蚀，在油管基体产生了明显的点蚀坑，对油管的使用造成了严重的危害.      

LN206井P110油管的腐蚀原因

LN206井中P110油管与潜油泵出口处连接泄油阀的丝扣仅使用了43d就发生严重腐蚀,对其进行了金相、化学分析和腐蚀电位测试。结果表明,油管的金相组织无异常,化学成分符合API Spec 5CT要求;且油管与泄油阀连接的丝扣有损伤现象,存在一定的缝隙,高浓度的Cl-促进了腐蚀;油管的铬含量与泄油阀的相差较大,油管与泄油阀间的电位相差约110mV,电偶腐蚀加速丝扣处腐蚀。建议上扣时避免油管与泄油阀两者连接的丝扣发生损伤,并在丝扣上涂抹质量好的螺纹脂将两者丝扣间的缝隙填满,避免电位相差较大的异种材质直接连接。     

中原油田气举井油套管腐蚀因素分析

采用XRD,EPMA和硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）检测对中原油田气举井文13－127套管及文13－257井油管腐蚀产物及管材和两口井的水质进行分析,并试验了碳钢在含CO2介质中的腐蚀,研究结果表明,CO2及高矿化度产出水是气举井腐蚀的主要原因,油管丝扣处存在的缝隙,套管钢材中夹杂物的局部分布及流体冲刷是加剧油套管局部腐蚀穿孔破坏的另一原因,同时还探索了应用缓蚀剂防止气举井CO2腐蚀的可能性。     

两种涂层管材抗冲蚀性能对比

对于油田常用的125V油管,由于其在液固两相流环境下抗冲蚀能力较弱,通常添加涂层来增加其抗冲蚀性能。本文利用自制试验台,针对1号涂层和2号涂层进行液固两相流冲蚀实验,研究两种涂层套管材料的抗冲蚀性能。实验结果表明,在高速携砂流体中,10分钟时,涂层还未发生剥落,而在20min后涂层全部发生脱落,说明1号涂层通常会以脆性剥落或粘黏性失效脱落导致,相比1号涂层,2号涂层在气固环境中表现出良好的抗冲蚀性。通过两种材料的冲蚀性能对比,为油气田套管生产提供一定的依据。     

TGB油管粘扣分析

石油油管的粘扣是油管生产和使用过程中常见的一种失效形式。分析了油管粘扣的机理和引起粘扣的主要因素。提出了提高油管抗粘扣能力的建议。     

铝合金异形曲面热喷涂涂层的制备及性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂（APS）（液态CO2气化冷却和未冷却）和超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）,在模拟加力泵涡壳的异形铝合金工件内曲面,制备了耐气蚀性较好的3种涂层,并考察涂层和异形曲面基体的结合情况及涂层的相组成、显微硬度和孔隙率。结果表明：HVOF在其焰流无法垂直喷涂的部位涂层与基体结合较差;未使用CO2冷却的APS涂层卷曲,涂层中有明显裂纹;使用CO2冷却的APS涂层与基体结合良好,涂层中没有裂纹,该工艺是目前在铝合金异形曲面制备热喷涂涂层的有效途径。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.