EBSD Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth of 2124 Aluminum Alloy for Aviation

运用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析技术对2124-T851铝合金板材的疲劳裂纹扩展进行了分析研究。结果表明,疲劳裂纹扩展以穿晶为主,随晶粒取向的不同而呈现一定的择优性。当裂纹扩展到晶界时,由于相邻晶粒间存在的取向差,裂纹会偏离其正常扩展路径而发生偏转,而晶内的裂纹偏转则更多是因为粗大第二相粒子在循环应力作用下协调变形能力差引起的。裂纹扩展过程中发生裂纹分叉与特定的晶体学方向有关,是由于裂纹尖端多个等效{111}<110>滑移系的同时开动造成的。     

搅拌摩擦焊和熔化极气体保护焊6082铝合金疲劳性能分析

对10 mm厚6082-T6铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和熔化极气体保护焊(MIG焊)焊接,利用疲劳性能试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等手段对6082铝合金FSW和MIG焊接头的疲劳力学性能、微观组织、裂纹扩展特征、疲劳断口进行了分析. 结果表明,在疲劳寿命为2×106周次时,6082铝合金母材及其FSW和MIG焊接头的名义应力分别为126.3,110.2,84.2 MPa;在高应力水平下(Δσ=160 MPa),FSW接头疲劳寿命明显大于MIG焊接头、与母材的疲劳寿命相当. MIG焊疲劳断口均位于焊趾处,焊缝内的气孔缺陷为其主要裂纹源;FSW疲劳断口大多发生在轴肩边缘. 接头的微观断口具有准解理特征,断口中存在疲劳条纹和韧窝.     

Fatigue crack growth resistance of SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript> reinforced Al alloys: Effects of particle size,particle volume fraction,and matrix strength

The main aim of this work was to study the effects of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix strength on the long fatigue crack growth resistance of two different grades of Al alloys (Al2124-T1 and Al6061-T1) reinforced with SiC particles. Basically, it was found that an increase in particle volume fraction and particle size increases the fatigue crack growth resistance at near threshold and Paris regimen, with matrix strength having a smaller effect. Near final failure, the stronger and more brittle composites are affected more by static modes of failure as the applied maximum stress intensity factor (K _max) approaches mode I plane strain fracture toughness (K _IC).     

Effect of stress ratio on long life fatigue behavior of Ti-Al alloy under flexural loading

A new ultrasonic three-point bending fatigue test device was introduced to investigate fatigue life ranging up to 10^10 cycles and associated fr＇dcture behavior of Ti-Al alloy. Tests were performed at a frequency of 20 kHz with stress ratio R=0.5 and R=0.7 at ambient temperature in air. Three groups of specimens with different surface roughness were applied to investigate the effect of surface roughness on fatigue life. Furthermore, optical microscopy（OM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were used for microstructure characteristic and fracture surface analysis. The S-N curves obtained show that fatigue failure occurs in the range of 10^5-10^10 cycles, and the asymptote of S-N curve inclines slightly in very high cycle regime, but is not horizontal for R=0.5. Fatigue limit appears after 10s cycles for R=0.7. Surface roughness （the maximum roughness is no more than 3 μm） has no influence on the fatigue properties in the high cycle regime. A detailed investigation on fatigue fracture surface shows that the Ti-Al alloy studied here is a binary alloy in the microstructure composed of α2-Ti3Al and γ-Ti-Al with fully lamellar microstructure. Fractography shows that fatigue failures are mostly initiated on the surface of specimens, also, in very high cycle regime, subsurface fatigue crack initiation can be found. Interlamellar fatigue crack initiation is predominant in the Ti-Al alloy with fully lamellar structure. Fatigue crack growth is mainly in transgranular mode.     

微观组织对TA15 ELI钛合金损伤容限性能的影响

研究了TA15 ELI钛合金43 mm厚板的等轴组织、双态组织和片层组织的室温拉伸性能、断裂韧性(KIC)以及疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)等损伤容限性能,通过金相显微镜观测了疲劳裂纹在各类组织中的扩展规律,讨论显微组织对该合金损伤容限性能的影响.结果表明该合金等轴组织和双态组织的室温力学性能和疲劳裂纹扩展阻抗差别不大;相对等轴组织和双态组织而言,该合金片层组织在损失强度较小的前提下(Rm=992 MPa),合金断裂韧性提高,达到111 MPa·m1/2,同时该合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率也大幅降低,其Paris公式拟合参数为c=1.08×10-8,n=3.23,具有更好的损伤容限性能.     

Tensile and fracture properties of Ti-62A alloy plate with different microstructures

Ti-62A alloy plates with three different types of microstructure,fully equiaxed,bimodal,and Widmanst(a)tten,were obtained by various heat treatments to investigate the effects of microstructure on the tensile and fracture properties at room temperature.The results reveal that Widmanst(a)tten microstructure exhibits good damage tolerance behavior considering strength,fracture toughness,and fatigue crack growth behavior,while the bimodal microstructure shows good comprehensive properties considering the plasticity synthetically.Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructure analyses on fracture and fatigue crack path demonstrate that the dependence of mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth behavior on microstructural feature are attributed to the α lamellae width and the α colony size.     

Effect of α phase morphology on fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy

Taking a Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy as exemplary case, the fatigue crack growth sensitivity and fracture features with various tailored α phase morphologies were thoroughly investigated using fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) test, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tailored microstructures by heat treatments include the fine and coarse secondary α phase, as well as the widmanstatten and basket weave features. The sample with coarse secondary α phase exhibits better comprehensive properties of good crack propagation resistance (with long Paris regime ranging from 15 to 60 MPa·m^1/2), high yield strength (1113 MPa) and ultimate strength (1150 MPa), and good elongation (11.6%). The good crack propagation resistance can be attributed to crack deflection, long secondary crack, and tortuous crack path induced by coarse secondary α phase.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳行为

通过室温低周疲劳(LCF)试验研究了Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳性能和循环变形行为,利用电子背散射衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜分别分析了合金循环变形前后的微观结构和疲劳断口。结果表明:Cu-Cr-Zr合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的循环周次之间的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式表示。Cu-Cr-Zr合金在高外加总应变幅(Δε_t/2=0.6%)的疲劳变形后期会出现循环硬化现象,循环变形组织为位错墙、位错团簇、亚结构胞状组织的混合结构,并且观察到了孪晶的形成。此外,所选材料在外加总应变幅为0.4%时的疲劳断口呈现多疲劳源特征,疲劳裂纹扩展区中观察到了大量的撕裂棱、韧窝、以及犁沟。     

Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of 7A85 Aluminum Alloy Thick Plate in NaCl Solution

The S–N curves of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy in laboratory air and in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were obtained by axial fatigue tests. Results show that the detrimental effect of the aggressive solution was not noticeable at high-cyclic-stress regions, but the effect was significant at low-stress region. Corrosion fatigue mechanism was discussed by corrosion morphology analysis, fracture surface analysis and microstructure characterization. It was found that the corrosion fatigue crack commonly initialed at the localized intergranular corrosion site. TEM analysis showed that the microstructures of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy were characterized by fine and homogeneously distributed matrix precipitates, as well as continually distributed anodic grain boundary precipitates. The types of microstructures are the reason for its intergranular corrosion susceptibility. The corrosion fatigue process of 7A85 aluminum alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution can be divided into four stages: the crack initiation stage, the stable growth stage with low and high growth rate and the final rupture stage. The sodium chloride solution mainly affected the crack initiation stage and the stable growth stage with low growth rate, and when the crack growth rate reached a threshold, the effect was reduced.     

6156-T62铝合金的高周疲劳性能研究

研究了不同取样方向和应力集中系数(Kt)条件下6156铝合金的高周疲劳性能,并利用金相、透射和扫描电镜对合金的显微组织及断口进行了观察。结果表明,在同一应力水平条件下,取样方向对光滑试样和缺口试样的疲劳寿命影响甚微。光滑试样(Kt=1)的疲劳寿命大于缺口试样(Kt=3)的疲劳寿命,表明此合金有明显的缺口效应。第二相粒子在疲劳裂纹萌生过程中起关键作用,绝大部分裂纹都是在表面粗大粒子上或粒子/基体界面上萌生。     

搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651铝合金接头的疲劳裂纹扩展(英文)

研究12 mm厚AA7075-T651铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。从搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材中截取试样,对试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展实验。对搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材的横向拉伸性能进行评估。用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析焊接接头的显微组织。用扫描电镜观察试样的断裂表面。与母材相比,焊接接头的ΔKcr降低了10×10-3 MPa·m1/2。搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651接头的疲劳寿命明显低于母材的,其原因可归结于焊缝区的析出相在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的溶解。     

热处理对TC4-DT钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理对TC4-DT合金φ300 mm棒材显微组织、拉伸性能、断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响.结果表明:经800℃×2 hAC简单退火、α+β相区固溶+时效、β相区固溶+时效处理后的TC4-DT的显微组织分别为等轴组织、双态组织和片状组织.等轴组织具有较好的拉伸性能、低的断裂韧性和高的疲劳裂纹扩展速率:双态组织与等轴组织相比较,具有较好的拉伸性能,较高的断裂韧性和较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率:片状组织的拉伸强度低于双态组织和等轴组织,塑性最低,断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展速率与双态组织的基本相同.总体来说,TC4-DT合金经α+β相区固溶+时效、β相区固溶+时效处理后可获得R_m≥3825 Mpa,R_(P0.2)≥750 Mpa,A_5≥8%,K℃≥90 Mpa ,疲劳裂纹扩展速率小于8×10~(-6)～9×10~(-6) mm/cycle的综合性能.     

TA15线性摩擦焊接头高周疲劳性能分析

在相同热处理制度下,开展了TA15钛合金母材与TA15线性摩擦焊接头高周疲劳性能试验,并对疲劳断口进行扫描电镜分析. 结果表明,从S-N曲线低应力区到高应力区,焊缝针状组织的疲劳强度高于母材双态组织,随着应力的增大,两种组织的疲劳强度差异逐渐缩小;接头针状组织的疲劳极限(463 MPa)高于母材双态组织(423 MPa). 断口分析结果表明,TA15母材的疲劳断口相对较平,扩展区二次裂纹较少,而线性摩擦焊接头中存在较多的二次裂纹,降低了裂纹扩展速度,说明针状组织的疲劳性能优于双态组织.     

6061-T6铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊疲劳性能分析

对6061-T6铝合金点焊接头进行单点疲劳试验,确定6061-T6铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的疲劳断裂原因,得出6061-T6铝合金的S-N曲线以及条件疲劳极限.通过对载荷水平为1.5 kN的6061-T6 RFSSW疲劳试样进行金相分析以及断口扫描分析,得到了6061-T6铝合金疲劳断裂原因以及疲劳断口特征.结果表明,6061-T6点焊接头中的钩状缺陷和上下板结合处缺口尖端的应力集中是造成疲劳破坏的主要原因,疲劳裂纹始于上下板搭接处焊点的钩状缺陷外边缘,即缺口尖端处;在焊接过程中,应通过优化工艺参数尽量减小钩状缺陷的尺寸以及降低缺口处的应力集中,从而提高焊点的疲劳寿命.     

Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy at elevated temperature

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2524-T34合金疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展行为

通过四点弯曲疲劳试验研究2524-T34板材的疲劳性能,借助金相和扫描电镜观察疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展行为。结果表明:2524合金具有良好的疲劳性能,疲劳强度达到屈服强度的80%以上;疲劳裂纹主要在第二相粒子以及第二相粒子/基体界面萌生,裂纹扩展过程中的偏转与晶界的阻碍有关;相邻晶粒内两个有利滑移面之间的位向差是控制裂纹通过晶界扩展的重要因素。     

SiC维纤增强钛基复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率

用箔-纤维-箔法制备SiC纤维增强Ti-6Al-4V复合材料,研究复合材料在加载频率f=10Hz、应力比R=0.1、最大应力σmax=300MPa条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN),并采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳破坏断口进行观察和分析。结果显示,在该加载条件下,复合材料第Ⅱ阶段疲劳裂纹扩展速率符合高斯函数。断口观察表明,复合材料的基体在裂纹稳态扩展区出现明显的疲劳条带,复合材料的疲劳损伤可以分为纤维断裂、基体开裂和纤维/基体界面脱粘等多种形式。     

<111>取向DD499合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳性能的研究

研究了DD499单晶高温合金<111>取向700和900 ℃温度条件下光滑和缺口试样的高温旋转弯曲高周疲劳性能。结果表明：<111>取向DD499合金光滑试样的疲劳强度在700 ℃为355 MPa,在900 ℃时为400 MPa,其疲劳强度和缺口敏感性均随温度的升高而增大。<111>取向DD499合金两种温度光滑试样的疲劳断裂均为多源断裂,断裂机制均表现为沿最密排面{111}面的解理断裂特征;而缺口试样在700 ℃表现为沿缺口向中心扩展断裂,900 ℃表现为类似于光滑试样的断裂特征。     

Fatigue fracture of high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

X-ray diffractometry(XRD), optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to study the fatigue fracture of the T7451 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (470 °C, 60 min+115 °C, 8 h+165 °C, 16 h). The study reveals mainly the microscopic structure of the alloy in the process of crack formation and crack growth. The fatigue fracture is characterized by three zones: fatigue crack source zone, fatigue crack propagation zone and fatigue fracture zone. The fatigue damage preferably incubates at the fractured inclusion particles at or near (about 25 μm) the specimen free surfaces, and these brittle Fe-rich intermetallic inclusion particles are (7–10) μm×(11–14) μm in size. Some features such as “feather-like”, “river and range” and boundary extrusions can be observed in the fatigue propagation zone, and in the fatigue fracture zone the surface is rough and uneven.     

微量氢对电子束焊接TA15钛合金疲劳寿命的影响

对TA15钛合金电子束焊接试样进行充氢,研究了充氢对显微组织形态的影响,并对微量氢对TA15疲劳寿命影响进行考察。显微组织研究表明:充氢量低于0.105%(质量分数)时,氢以固溶态存在于合金中,并未形成氢化物。疲劳试验结果表明:随充氢量的增加,疲劳寿命大幅下降;这是由于微量氢的存在降低了TA15合金的韧性,固溶氢增加了疲劳裂纹的扩展速率,且氢通过影响裂纹尖端的性能加速疲劳裂纹扩展。焊缝区马氏体束呈团状结晶,且以团为单位统一变形,导致断口上呈团簇形态;且氢对马氏体团疲劳扩展中的行为有一定影响。