粉末冶金法制备Tip/Mg复合材料组织及性能的研究

采用粉末冶金法制备纯Mg及Ti颗粒增强Mg基复合材料，结果表明，Ti颗粒在Mg基体中分布均匀，增强颗粒与基体界面结合良好。Ti颗粒的加入能显著提高Mg的室温强度和弹性模量，同时也使复合材料具有较好的塑性。     

《搅拌摩擦加工制备GNPs/Al复合材料的微观结构与力学性能》

本文以纯铝为基体，利用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)制备GNPs/Al复合材料，研究了复合材料基体组织、增强相与界面等微观结构与力学性能，探讨了其增强机理。结果表明，添加GNPs并经FSP后复合材料基体晶粒得到明显细化且晶界由小角度为主转变为大角度为主；FSP制备过程致使GNPs片层一定程度剥离的同时，较大片径的GNPs被破碎而形成众多边缘缺陷，使其易发生Al-C原子扩散，结果在GNPs边缘与基体形成界面过渡；GNPs加入量约1.8vol%时，复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到72MPa和147MPa，较同等条件FSP的基体分别提高了89.5%和79.3%，理论计算界面载荷传递、Orowan和细晶强化依次是复合材料的主要增强机制；随着GNPs加入量的增加，复合材料屈服强度实验值与理论值的增长趋势一致，且偏差也略有提高，但可能因GNPs在复合材料中的杂乱排布，界面载荷传递强化不能充分发挥，实际的复合材料屈服强度与理论值尚有差距。     

基于SPS-热轧法钨颗粒增强铝基复合材料微观组织及力学性能研究

本文采用放电等离子烧结→热轧制方法制备了颗粒含量为1～7%的钨颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究钨颗粒含量对复合材料的微观组织、机械性能和导电性能的影响。研究结果表明：钨颗粒均匀的分布在基体铝合金当中,W/Al界面之间达到了冶金结合,在界面处存在元素扩散和WAl12金属间化合物的生成。在复合材料中,随着钨颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的致密度和韧性降低而拉伸强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。其中,1和3 vol.% W/Al复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂韧性分别为192.85 MPa (16.84%) 和315.18 MPa (11.93%)。此外,W/Al复合材料具有良好的电导率,W颗粒的含量对复合材料的影响较小。     

高体积分数MWCNTs/AZ80复合材料的显微组织

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备体积分数为19.5%的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)增强AZ80镁基复合材料,研究经多道次搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)加工后复合材料的显微组织和MWCNTs在基体中的分布和稳定性,分析MWCNTs与基体的界面结构特征。结果表明:多道次FSP能提高MWCNTs在基体中的分散性,并在基体中形成了纳米晶,晶体尺寸仅5 nm左右。经多道次FSP后,MWCNTs在径向上的多壁结构未受到机械损伤,但经7道次加工后,在复合材料中发现有少量Al4C3相;碳纳米管与镁基体以半共格的界面形式相接。     

TiP/AM60复合材料的组织与力学性能

采用超声振动辅助半固态搅拌法在不同搅拌速度下制备了钛颗粒增强AM60镁基复合材料。显微组织结果表明,加入Ti颗粒后,晶粒尺寸增大,Ti颗粒界面处析出Al₈Mn₅相,Ti颗粒与Mg基体的界面结构为结合良好的共格界面。拉伸试验结果表明,Ti_P/AM60复合材料的抗拉强度高于AM60镁合金基体。随着搅拌速度从300 r/min增加到900 r/min,抗拉强度和伸长率均先增大后减小。当搅拌速度为 600 r/min时,Ti_P/AM60复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到最大值183 MPa和14.3%。与AM60基体合金相比,复合材料的抗拉强度提高了15%,延伸率提高了51%。     

热处理对SiCp/Al复合材料强度和塑性的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了d300 mm的15%SiCp/Al(体积分数)复合材料坯锭,研究了挤压态和T4态复合材料的力学性能和断裂特点,揭示了基体强度和颗粒开裂对复合材料强度与塑性的影响规律。结果表明:复合材料T4态拉伸强度保持在560 MPa的水平下,延伸率仍高达7%以上;与挤压态相比,T4态复合材料拉伸强度和屈服强度分别提高了68.5%和105%,但塑性保持在同一水平。断口观察表明:挤压态复合材料以基体断裂为主,而T4态复合材料除了基体断裂外,还存在SiC颗粒开裂现象;基体强度严重影响复合材料的断裂形式,颗粒开裂有利于提高复合材料的塑性。     

原位TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其力学性能

对原位反应合成TiB2／A356铝基复合材料微观组织和力学拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明，原位反应生成的颗粒增强相在复合材料基体中分布均匀，基体与颗粒间的界面洁净。复合材料强度随着颗粒含量的增加显著提高，与基体合金相比，TiB2质量分数为8％的TiB2／A356复合材料强度和弹性模量的提高幅度约为28％，TiB2质量分数为16％的TiB2／A356复合材料强度和弹性模量的提高幅度约为35％。复合材料的断裂主要是由于基体与颗粒界面脱粘，在拉伸应力作用下由此萌生微裂纹并扩展，导致界面处的基体撕裂，从而降低复合材料塑性。     

SiCp/Mg-RE复合材料的组织与性能

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析仪、单轴拉伸等方法研究了搅拌熔铸法制备的1wt％SiCp/Mg-5Gd-1Y-1Nd-0.25Zr复合材料的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明:该复合材料中存在Mg2Si、Mg3Gd和Mg12Nd等多种物相;添加1wt％SiC颗粒,能将基体合金的弹性模量提高5～8GPa,但降低了合金强度;弹性模量的提高应主要归因于高弹性模量的SiC粒子、Mg2Si及稀土化合物;强度的降低主要是由于界面产物、氧化物等降低了界面结合强度;晶内稀土含量减少,析出强化减弱,基体强度下降.     

Mg含量对原位TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料微观组织与拉伸性能的影响

采用接触反应法制备了原位TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,借助光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜研究了向基体合金中添加不同含量的Mg对复合材料微观组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着Mg的添加量由0.8%(质量分数,下同)增加到2.0%,TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料的延伸率下降,而抗拉强度在1.5%Mg时,达到极值。与同等条件下制备的不含Mg的TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料相比,抗拉强度提高了17.7%,但延伸率下降了17.9%。TiC颗粒的细化有助于复合材料力学性能的提高,但针状Al2CuMg相的析出阻碍了复合材料塑性的进一步提高。TiC/Al-4.5Cu-Mg复合材料中TiC颗粒尺寸为100nm左右。     

SiC_p尺寸及基体强度对铝基复合材料破坏机制的影响

对粉末冶金法制备的尺寸分别为3．5,10,20μm的Sicp增强Al-Cu基复合材料的拉伸断口及EDX成分分析表明,增强相尺寸大于10μm时,复合材料的破坏归因于SiCp解理形成的裂纹;增强相尺寸为3．5μm时,复合材料的破坏则归因为SiC-Al界面撕裂形成空洞和裂纹.拉伸试验表明,小尺寸SiCp增强的复合材料具有高的拉伸强度及延伸率.低强度复合材料由于基体强度降低,塑性增加,破坏过程主要表现在拉伸载荷下SiCp附近铝基体的空洞形核、长大和聚合.     

低温反应自熔制备Mg基复合材料的组织与性能

采用一种新的合成方法——低温反应自熔制备了10vol％钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)颗粒增强的镁基复合材料。利用光镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的显微组织，并通过X射线衍射和拉伸试验对其相结构和室温力学性能进行了探讨。结果表明，复合材料的基体晶粒细小、增强体和合金元素分布均匀、基体镁颗粒间的氧化膜得到了有效的破碎和分散，同时．所制备复合材料的强度和延伸率明显高于粉末冶金法。     

In situ formation of various intermetallic particles in Al–Ti–X(Cu,Mg) systems during friction stir processing

In situ Al composites reinforced by various intermetallic particles were fabricated from Al–Ti–X(Cu, Mg) systems by hot pressing, forging and subsequent 4-pass friction stir processing (FSP). The formation of various intermetallic particles during FSP and the tensile properties of in situ composites were investigated. For Al–Ti–Cu system, Cu enhanced the Al–Ti reaction and resulted in the formation of more Al₃Ti particles due to the presence of a small amount of liquid phase during FSP. After FSP, part of Cu was kept in the Al matrix as solute, whereas the other formed Al₂Cu particles. For Al–Ti–Mg system, except for Al₃Ti, some Ti₂Mg₃Al₁₈ particles with fine twin lamellas were formed during FSP, resulting in an increase in the total volume fraction of reinforcing particles. Cu and Mg addition increased the strength of the in situ composites substantially due to introduction of more strengthening modes and more reinforcing particles, however the elongation decreased dramatically.     

搅拌摩擦处理Al3Zr/6063原位复合材料的组织和性能

研究搅拌摩擦加工工艺对Al3Zrp/6063铝基复合材料组织性能的影响。该复合材料在6063-5%(K2ZrF6)体系下原位内生获得,利用OM、XRD、SEM观测原位内生颗粒Al3Zr的形貌、分布及尺寸,分析材料性能。实验分析可得:经搅拌摩擦处理后,复合材料的增强体更加细小均匀;基体晶粒破碎,晶粒形状发生改变;材料的抗拉强度变大,延伸率变大;具有超塑性,在变形温度500℃,应变速率1.67×10-2s-1,材料的延伸率达348.16%。     

Optimization of Mechanical and Wear Properties of Functionally Graded Al6061/SiC Nanocomposites Produced by Friction Stir Processing(FSP)

The objective of present work is to apply the friction stir processing(FSP) to fabricate functionally graded Si C particulate reinforced Al6061 composite and investigate the effect of Si C particle mass fraction distribution on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Al6061/Si C composite. Regarding the obtained results in this work, with increasing Si C mass fraction, elongation decreased, but hardness enhanced. However, the optimized functionally graded composite with the highest tensile strength and wear resistance was achieved for composite with 10 wt% surface Si C. Also,the results showed that wear resistance and tensile strength decreased for composite with 13 wt% surface Si C, due to reinforcement particle clustering depending on high Si C mass fraction.     

RECIPROCATING EXTRUSION OF IN SITU Mg_2Si REINFORCED Mg-Al BASED COMPOSITE

M92Si reinforced Mg-Al based composite with high amount o/silicon was prepared by permanent mould casting, and then extruded by reciprocating extrusion （RE） after the composite was processed by homogenization heat treatment. The effect of RE processing on the morphology and size of M92Si and the mechanical properties of the com- posite were investigated, to develop new ways to refine the M928i phase and improve its shape. The result showed that RE was very useful in refining the M92Si phase. The more the RE processing passes, the better the refining effect would be. Moreover, the uniform distribution of M928i phases would be more in the composite. After the composite was processed by RE for 12 passes, most M92Si phases were equiaxed, with granular diameter below 20 μm, and distributed uniformly in the matrix of the composite. The mechanical properties of the composite could be increased prominently by RE processing, and were much higher than that in the as-cast state. As the temperature rises, the tensile strength is reduced. For the composite RE processed for 12 passes, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 325.9 MPa, 211.4 MPa, and 3.3% at room temperature, whereas, 288.2 MPa, ,207.7 MPa, and 7.8%, respectively, at 150℃. In comparison with the properties at room temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength are high and only decrease by 11.6% and 1.8% at 150℃. The M928i reinforced Mg-Al based composite possesses good heat resistance at 150℃. The excellent resistance to effect of heat is attributed to the high melting tempera- ture and good thermal stability of fine Mg2Si phases, which are distributed uniformly in the composite, and effectively hinder the grain boundary gliding and dislocation movement.     

SiC_p/AZ91镁基复合材料的热挤压

采用搅拌铸造法制备SiC体积分数为5%、10%和15%的颗粒增强AZ91镁基复合材料（SiCp/AZ91）。复合材料经过T4处理后,于350°C以固定挤压比12：1进行热挤压。在铸态复合材料中,颗粒在晶间微观区域发生偏聚。热挤压基本上消除了这种偏聚并有效地改善颗粒分布。另外,热挤压有效地细化基体的晶粒。结果表明：热挤压明显提高复合材料的力学性能。在挤压态复合材料中,随着SiC颗粒含量的升高,基体的晶粒尺寸减小,强度和弹性模量升高,但是伸长率降低。     

Correlation between tensile and indentation behavior of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites: an experimental and numerical study

The correlation between tensile and indentation behavior in particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) was examined. The model composite system consists of a Al–Cu–Mg alloy matrix reinforced with SiC particles. The effects of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix aging characteristics on the interrelationship between tensile strength and macro-hardness were investigated. Experimental data indicated that, contrary to what has been documented for a variety of monolithic metals and alloys, a simple relationship between hardness and tensile strength does not exist for MMCs. While processing-induced particle fracture greatly reduces the tensile strength, it does not significantly affect the deformation under indentation loading. Even in composites where processing-induced fracture was nonexistent (due to relatively small particle size), no unique correspondence between tensile strength and hardness was observed. At very low matrix strengths, the composites exhibited similar tensile strengths but the hardness increased with increasing particle concentration. Fractographic analyses showed that particle fracture caused by tensile testing is independent of matrix strength. The lack of unique strength–hardness correlation is not due to the particle fracture-induced weakening during the tensile test. It is proposed that, under indentation loading, enhanced matrix flow that contributes to a localized increase in particle concentration directly below the indenter results in a significant overestimation of the overall composite strength by the hardness test. Micromechanical modeling using the finite element method was used to illustrate the proposed mechanisms under indentation loading and to justify the experimental findings.     

T6热处理对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101/ZL101-Mg基复合材料组织和力学性能影响的研究

通过半固态搅拌铸造的方法制备了Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101基及ZL101-Mg基复合材料,研究了T6热处理对该复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,T6热处理对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101基复合材料和Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101+Mg基复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布没有明显影响。但T6热处理使Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101复合材料中共晶硅细化,Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101+Mg复合材料中共晶硅长大变粗。T6热处理对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101复合材料抗拉强度的平均提升率达到了54.44%,对其伸长率的平均提升率为5.47%。对Al+SiC预制颗粒增强ZL101+Mg复合材料抗拉强度的平均提升率为13.52%,对其伸长率的平均提升率为31.5%。     

RECIPROCATING EXTRUSION OF IN SITU Mg2Si REINFORCED Mg-A1 BASED COMPOSITE

Mg2Si reinforced Mg-Al based composite with high amount of silicon was prepared by permanent mould casting, and then extruded by reciprocating extension (RE) after the composite was processed by homogenization heat treatment. The effect of RE processing on the morphology and size of Mg2Si and the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated, to develop new ways to refine the Mg2Si phase and improve its shape. The result showed that RE was very useful in refining the Mg2Si phase.The more the RE processing passes, the better the refining effect would be. Moreover,the uniform distribution of Mg2Si phases would be more in the composite. After the composite was processed by RE for 12 passes, most Mg2Si phases were equiaxed, with granular diameter below 20 μm, and distributed uniformly in the matrix of the composite. The mechanical properties of the composite could be increased prominently by RE processing, and were much higher than that in the as-cast state. As the temperature rises, the tensile strength is reduced. For the composite RE processed for 12 passes, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 325.9 MPa, 211.4 MPa,and 3.3% at room temperature, whereas, 288.2 MPa, 207.7 MPa, and 7.8%, respectively, at 150° C. In comparison with the properties at room temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength are high and only decrease by 11.6% and 1.8% at 150°C. The Mg2Si reinforced Mg-Al based composite possesses good heat resistance at 150° C. The excellent resistance to effect of heat is attributed to the high melting temperature and good thermal stability of fine Mg2Si phases, which are distributed uniformly in the composite, and effectively hinder the grain boundary gliding and dislocation movement.     

Strengthening Mechanism and Microstructure of Deformable Ti Particles Reinforced AZ91 Composite

In this study, the deformable titanium (Ti) particles reinforced AZ91 composite was successfully prepared by powder metallurgy and subsequent extrusion. The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of pure AZ91 and 5Ti/AZ91 composite were studied. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of 5Ti/AZ91 composite are measured to be 212 MPa, 323 MPa, and 10.1%, respectively. Microstructure analysis revealed that Ti particles are elongated along the extrusion direction, forming a discontinuous strip Ti particles, fine precipitated Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase inhibits dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior through Zener pinning effect and hinders the growth of matrix grains, resulting in refiner grains of 5Ti/AZ91 composite. Heterogeneous deformed Ti particles and magnesium (Mg) matrix to generate additional heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening. Heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening mainly contributed to the increment of yield strength for 5Ti/AZ91 composite.