SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜的制备及性能研究

目的 在获得光伏/光热用SiO2减反膜高透过率的同时,提高其抗划伤性能和耐候性。方法 以聚丙烯酸（PAA, Mw~3000）为模板制备具有核壳结构的SiO2,离心水洗去除PAA模板,形成SiO2空心球,接着将空心球分散于无水乙醇中形成溶胶,然后将该溶胶与酸催化溶胶混合,形成复合溶胶,最后经浸渍提拉成膜、烧结后,在载玻片上制得SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜。用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别表征了空心球的微观结构和减反膜的表面形貌,利用紫外-可见分光光度计测试了减反膜的透过率,采用铅笔硬度测试和耐湿热测试（HAST）试验,分别检测了减反膜的抗划伤性能和耐候性。结果 TEM测试结果显示,制备的SiO2空心球结构完整,壁厚均匀。SEM图显示减反膜表面平坦。当SiO2空心球溶胶与酸催化溶胶的用量比例为9∶1时,减反膜透过率的峰值为98.1%,抗划伤硬度为5 H,经HAST试验后,其透过率为初始值的98.1%。结论 用离心水洗法去除PAA模板制备的空心球比烧结去除模板法的空心占比高,与酸催化溶胶混合后制得的SiO2空心球减反膜空隙率高、折射率低,从而其透过率得到提高。同时,减反膜闭孔结构使其表面致密平整,比开孔结构减反膜具有更高的抗划伤性能和耐候性,在户外太阳能光伏/光热玻璃表面减反方面具有重要的应用价值。     

网球拍用铝合金2Al2表面自修复缓蚀图层的制备及表征

以2Al2铝合金为研究对象,采用浸渍提拉涂膜的方法对其涂覆不同Ce(NO3)3·6H2O含量的溶胶膜,研究膜层的微观结构、疏水性能、自修复性能和防腐蚀性能。结果表明,掺杂Ce(NO3)3·6H2O可改善膜层的微孔缺陷,但会使膜层的表面变得粗糙度。Ce(NO3)3·6H2O掺入量为0.005 mol/L时,2Al2铝合金的膜层静态接触角是114.2°,此时的疏水性能最好,阻抗值最大,防腐蚀性能较好。     

一种基于SiO2 气凝胶制备超疏水表面的工艺探讨

以商品化SiO2气凝胶为原料,选择不同的分散介质进行分散,然后在玻璃表面进行涂覆并干燥,制得超疏水表面。研究结果表明:当选择丙酮作为分散介质,SiO2气凝胶质量浓度为30g/L,以旋涂的方式涂覆2次,并于20℃进行干燥时,所制备的表面超疏水效果最好,其接触角为153.2°,滞后角为1.7°。     

酸碱复合催化溶胶-凝胶法制备 SiO2减反膜及膜性能研究

采用酸催化法、碱催化法和酸碱复合催化法制备了SiO2溶胶,进而制得SiO2减反膜。表征了薄膜的表面形貌,测定了薄膜的透射率和硬度。结果表明,不同催化溶胶制得的膜层在表面形貌、减反效果和薄膜硬度等方面存在明显差异:酸催化得到的薄膜,孔隙率和透过率最低,但硬度和抗划伤性最好;碱催化得到的薄膜,孔隙率和透过率最高,但硬度和抗划伤性最差;酸碱复合催化得到的薄膜,孔隙率、透过率、硬度和抗划伤性能介于以上二者之间,性能与酸碱复合催化溶胶的制备工艺密切相关。     

LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭对铝合金阳极氧化膜耐蚀性的影响

目的 开发一种新型LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭工艺,以获得高耐蚀性的封闭阳极氧化膜层。方法 用LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭法对阳极氧化铝合金进行表面处理,采用场发射扫描电镜、原子力显微镜对封闭前后的氧化膜进行微观形貌表征,通过接触角测试评价阳极氧化膜层表面的润湿性能,通过浸泡实验、电化学阻抗谱对阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性进行研究,并与传统沸水封闭工艺进行比较。结果 经LDH预处理后,膜层表面被一层致密的LDH覆盖,多孔结构和孔洞缺陷均消失。涂覆溶胶凝胶后,膜层表面均匀平整,无明显缺陷。与沸水封闭相比,LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭的氧化膜具有更平整均匀的表面和更低的粗糙度,接触角为92.3°,具有疏水性。在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中浸泡15 d后,膜层的低频阻抗值仍可达到6.79×10⁶?·cm²,与传统沸水封闭法相比,高出2个数量级。膜层具有良好的长期耐蚀性,其主要机理为LDH的铝合金氧化膜空隙和表面生长出双片层状的Li Al-LDH,表面膜层更致密,片层结构在一定程度上阻挡了腐蚀溶液的入侵,同时使膜层表面存在更多的-OH基团,在溶胶凝胶封闭时提供了更多...     

新型核-壳结构PS/CeO_2和PS/SiO_2复合磨料的制备及其抛光性能

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为内核,采用液相法制备具有核壳结构的PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶转换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪等对所制备样品的物相结构、形貌和粒径等进行表征。将所制备的复合磨料用于硅晶片表面二氧化硅介质层的化学机械抛光,采用原子力显微镜观察抛光表面的微观形貌,并测量表面粗糙度。结果表明:所制备的PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒呈近球形,粒径为250～300nm,且具有核壳包覆结构,包覆层的厚度为10～20nm;硅晶片表面二氧化硅介质层经PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒抛光后,表面无划痕,且非常平整,在5μm×5μm范围内,粗糙度均方根值(RMS)分别为0.238nm和0.254nm。     

玻璃基TiO_2-SiO_2/SiO_2增透膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺,用提拉法在普通玻璃上制备TiO2-SiO2/SiO2复合增透膜。用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)测试膜层的透射率,计算复合膜层的光学常数、折射率和膜层的厚度;用扫描电镜(SEM)观察膜层的表面形貌;研究TiO2-SiO2的比例以及热处理工艺对复合膜光学常数的影响。结果表明:溶胶的稳定性是整个工艺的关键与基础,溶胶中乙醇含量、陈化时间以及热处理制度会对膜层的折射率和厚度造成影响,从而导致整个复合膜的透过率变化。通过优化工艺,制备出在可见光范围最大透过率>98%、平均透过率约为95%的高增透膜,并对得到的结果进行详细地讨论。     

Sol-Gel法制备KDP晶体SiO_2基防潮减反膜

在高功率激光装置中3倍频器高氘化的KD*P晶体相变温度是110℃。在SiO2溶胶合成阶段进行化学改性,将六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)加入SiO2溶胶进行化学改性,用非极性溶剂替代乙醇溶剂,涂制的减反膜不需要热处理就可能应用于KDP与KD*P晶体中。单层的改性防潮增透膜的透过率大于99%,膜层均匀性良好,改性膜层本身具有一定的防潮功能,水接触角142o,膜层激光破坏阈值约16.9J/cm2,有希望应用于高功率激光系统的KDP类晶体。     

乳液模板法制备硅基蜂窝状结构超疏水薄膜及薄膜表征

采用硅溶胶和聚合物乳液混合的方法制得含硅聚合物杂化乳液,然后通过简单的浸渍提拉法在玻璃基片上获得薄膜,薄膜经热处理后,在乙醇中经三甲基氯硅烷修饰,获得了超疏水性能.根据薄膜的表面形貌及其与水的宏观接触角,研究了苯乙烯单体加入量和SiO2溶胶/PS乳液体积比对薄膜疏水性能的影响,并分析了薄膜超疏水的原因.结果表明:热处理...     

NiO-Al2O3太阳能选择性吸收薄膜的制备与性能研究

以异丙醇铝和硝酸镍为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢表面制备了NiO-Al2O3太阳能选择性吸收薄膜,表征了薄膜的结构和表面形貌,研究了提拉速度、溶胶中NiO的含量、热处理温度对薄膜光谱选择性吸收性能的影响,初步探讨了SiO2减反层对Ni0-Al2O3薄膜选择性吸收性能的影响.结果表明:提拉速度为1 mm/s,NiO质...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.