淬火加热温度对22MnB5超高强度钢组织及性能的影响

为了优化22MnB5超高强度钢的热成形工艺并提高其综合性能,开展了淬火温度对22MnB5超高强度钢组织及性能的影响研究。分别对22MnB5超高强度钢加热至830、860、890、920、950℃温度后水淬,采用金相显微镜分析其组织状态,并通过拉伸试验、撕裂试验评价其强度及断裂韧性,采用扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行分析研究。结果表明,当淬火温度低于920℃时,随着温度升高,组织马氏体含量升高,材料强度不断上升,塑性较为优异。综合考量,在920℃下保温淬火,能够使22MnB5获得最佳的使用性能。     

Ti微合金化对22MnB5热成形钢组织和性能的影响

通过热膨胀试验、显微组织分析和硬度测试,分析了冷却速率和Ti元素对两种22MnB5热成形试验钢相变温度、显微组织、析出相以及硬度等的影响,并绘制了CCT曲线。结果表明,当冷却速率低于5 ℃/s时,试验钢的显微组织主要为铁素体和珠光体;冷却速率达到5 ℃/s后开始形成贝氏体;冷却速率达到30 ℃/s时,获得单一马氏体组织。Ti微合金化可降低Ms点,并通过析出Ti(C, N) 相细化奥氏体晶粒,从而获得细小的马氏体板条,产生的析出强化和细晶强化效应提高了试验钢的强度。     

一种海洋平台用钢的组织与力学性能

通过金相分析、淬透性曲线测定、拉伸试验以及不同温度下的冲击试验,对一种低碳低合金海洋平台用钢的显微组织及力学性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,试验用钢具有良好的淬透性,临界淬透直径为120 mm。微合金化元素的晶粒细化及析出强化使试验用钢具有良好的综合力学性能,调质处理后屈服强度达到900 MPa以上,伸长率达到20%,-40℃冲击功达到200 J,韧脆转变温度低于-60℃。可满足大型海洋平台对材料性能的要求。     

22MnB5热冲压钢的研究进展

22MnB5热冲压钢具有良好的成形性能和较高的成形强度,在提高车身的碰撞安全性和减轻车重方面具有显著的效果,使其在白车身上的应用越来越广。本文介绍了22MnB5热冲压钢的发展现状,对22MnB5热冲压钢的材料特性、奥氏体化工艺及冲压成形性能的最新研究进展进行了概括,结合22MnB5热冲压钢的镀层技术介绍了其焊接、涂镀、耐蚀等性能的研究进展。探讨了22MnB5热冲压钢的优势及存在的问题,指出热冲压钢镀层技术是将来发展的重要方向。     

热冲压成形22MnB5钢板的组织和性能

采用扫描及透射电镜观察和力学性能实验研究了22MnB5钢板热冲压成形件的组织形貌和力学性能。结果表明,加热温度930℃,保温4.5 min,初始成形温度850℃,冲压速度75 mm/s条件下,22MnB5钢板热冲压成形完成完全马氏体转变,得到均匀板条马氏体组织,组织内产生高密度位错,强度大幅提升,抗拉强度达到1550 MPa。形变有助于动态再结晶并获得更为细小的马氏体组织,促进细晶强化。硼元素在晶界发生偏聚,延长奥氏体转变孕育期,提高了22MnB5钢的淬透性,同时引起点阵畸变,促进相变强化。     

22MnB5钢淬火晶粒控制与拉伸性能研究

为改善热成形钢的强塑性,利用DIL805A热膨胀仪将22MnB5钢加热至830~920 ℃、保温2~20 min奥氏体化后淬火,在光学显微镜下观察了原奥氏体晶粒。根据晶粒长大特点,对22MnB5钢板进行淬火、回火处理后,通过单轴拉伸试验检测了其拉伸性能。结果表明,该22MnB5钢在830~890 ℃、有效保温10 min以内,可以获得均匀细小的奥氏体晶粒;有效保温时间延长至20 min时,860 ℃奥氏体化便开始出现混晶。与传统热成形相比,通过控制淬火晶粒显著改善了22MnB5钢的强塑性,强塑积由9.0~11.0 GPa·%提高至13.0~14.5 GPa·%。     

真空高压气淬300M钢的显微组织与力学性能

对300M钢圆棒进行真空气淬试验,并对其淬透性、显微组织及力学性能进行了测试与分析。在10 bar N2真空高压气淬条件下,能淬透60 mm的300M钢圆棒,气淬后抗拉强度达到2000 MPa,屈服强度1700 MPa,塑韧性指标能达到油淬性能,气淬后的显微组织为均匀的板条马氏体。     

25CrMo钢端淬试验改进与淬透性分析

为了克服常规端淬试验中25Cr Mo钢试样在空气中发生淬火现象,提出了一种改进的加套管的末端淬火试验方法。通过显微组织观察、定量金相和硬度测量,分析了25Cr Mo钢的显微组织与淬透性。结果表明,改进的端淬试验能够使热量沿轴向传递,避免了产生边角效应。端淬后的试样由水冷端向空冷端的显微组织依次为马氏体、马氏体+贝氏体、贝氏体。25Cr Mo钢淬硬层深度可达20 mm,具有良好的淬透性。     

热冲压成形钢22MnB5动态CCT曲线及组织转变

热冲压成形钢22MnB5主要用于汽车防撞部件。热冲压成形钢显微组织的不同对产品的力学性能和产品的最终使用性能有着极其重要的影响。为了在控轧控冷后获得稳定的组织和性能,并为热轧生产工序制定工艺参数提供充分的理论依据,文章介绍了采用膨胀测量法并结合金相测定22MnB5钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线（CCT曲线）及显微组织的演变。实验结果表明:在较低冷却速度下显微组织由铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体组成;随着冷却速度的不断增加,铁素体和珠光体的含量逐渐减少直至为零,马氏体和贝氏体的含量则逐渐增多;当冷却速度≥10℃·s-1时,显微组织主要为马氏体和贝氏体。     

机械齿轮钢渗碳热处理变形行为研究

以20Cr2Ni4A和钒微合金化的齿轮钢为对象,研究了其在不同淬火方式下的变形行为,并分析了渗碳热处理过程中渗碳深度与组织演变规律。结果表明,随着淬火方式从空冷到水冷再到油冷,齿轮用钢的平均变形率逐渐上升。油淬热处理后齿轮钢的有效硬化层深度大于空淬热处理。经过油淬处理后,齿轮钢组织中含有细小的马氏体组织,使得其显微硬度高于具有贝氏体+马氏体组织的空淬处理齿轮钢。     

A Comparative Study on Formability of the Third-Generation Automotive Medium-Mn Steel and 22MnB5 Steel

Third-generation advanced automotive medium-Mn steel, which can replace 22MnB5 steel, was newly developed to improve the lightweight and crashworthiness of automobile. Studies on the formability and simulation method of medium-Mn steel have just been initiated. In this study, finite element simulation models of square-cup deep drawing were established based on various material property experiments and validated by experiments. The effects of blank holder force (BHF), fillet radii of tools (die and punch) on the maximum drawing depth (MDD), thickness distribution of the formed products, and the microstructure before and after forming were investigated and compared with those on 22MnB5 steel. Results show that the MDD of the two steels decreased with increased BHF but increased with the fillet radius of punch; however, the fillet radius of die showed no significant effect on the MDD for both steels. Compared with hot-formed 22MnB5 steel, the martensitic transformation of the hot-formed medium-Mn steel is rarely influenced by the process parameters; thus, it holds the complete, fine-grained, and uniform martensitic microstructure. Moreover, the medium-Mn has better formability, lower initial blank temperature, and smaller impact of BHF and fillet radius of tools on the hot-formed product. Thus, a theoretical basis for the replacement of 22MnB5 steel by medium-Mn steel in hot forming process is provided.     

Prediction of Forming Limit Diagrams for 22MnB5 in Hot Stamping Process

Hot stamping of ultra-high strength steels possesses many superior characteristics over conventional room temperature forming process and is fairly attractive in improving strength and reducing weight of vehicle body product. However, the mechanical and failure behavior of hot stamping boron steel 22MnB5 are both strongly affected by strain hardening, temperature, strain rate, and microstructure. In this paper, the material yield and flow behavior of 22MnB5 within the temperature and strain rate range of hot stamping are described by an advanced anisotropic yield criterion combined with two different hardening laws. The elevated temperature forming limit diagram (ET-FLD) is constructed using the M-K theoretical analysis. The developed model was validated by comparing our predicted result with experimental data in the literature under isothermal conditions. Based on the verified model, the influence of temperature and strain rate on the forming limit curve for 22MnB5 steel under equilibrium isothermal condition are discussed. Furthermore, the transient forming limit diagram is developed by performing a transient forming process simulation under non-isothermal transient condition.     

基于多层复合微观结构的22MnB5钢热成形的力学行为

高强度钢热成形时,由于加热与淬火的交互作用形成多层复合微观结构。对22MnB5钢热成形进行实验研究表明,多层复合微观结构可使材料的硬度、强度由里到表依次降低,延展性依次增加,其平缓的冲击力水平及材料的逐层失效,能够使结构保持较高的吸能能力;具有变形抗力小、塑性好以及成形极限高的特点,而且成形零件的精度和强度较高。多层复合微观结构综合了各单相材料的优秀性能,适用于承受冲击吸能的构件。     

高强度硼钢22MnB5的热变形方程及其模拟应用

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,在温度为700℃～950℃、应变速率为0.01/s～0.4/s的条件下,对高强度硼钢22MnB5的热变形行为进行研究。结果表明,随着变形温度的升高,硼钢的延伸率升高,变形抗力降低;随着应变速率的提高,硼钢22MnB5的变形抗力和延伸率增大。根据高温拉伸实验得出的数据,构建硼钢22MnB5的稳态流变应力模型和热变形方程,并将试验结果和构建的本构方程输入ABAQUS软件进行U型件热弯曲成形的回弹模拟,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,验证了模型的可靠性和正确性,为成形所需的最大载荷及设备选择提供依据。     

基于相变与回弹的热冲压成形冷却过程控制

回弹是影响高强度板热冲压成形精度的主要因素,通过22MnB5硼镁合金板热冲压成形实验,考察了冷却速率对回弹和相变的影响,提出了热冲压成形模具冷却系统设计相关的技术问题。研究表明,只有当冷却速度达到或超过临界冷却速度时,奥氏体才能直接转变为均匀马氏体;在模具结构、冷却系统、冷却介质等因素确定的情况下,可以通过控制冷却系统的水流速度,实现对最佳冷却速度的控制,消除热冲压成形中变形和回弹等缺陷,提高高强度板热冲压成形质量。     

Effect of the cutting process on the fatigue behaviour of press hardened and high strength dual phase steels

Press hardened 22MnB5 steels are steady broadening their applications in vehicles since they allow to meet the increasing demands for weight reduction and safety standards. Press hardened parts have been typically applied as structural reinforcements where high rigidity and crash resistance are required. However, the need for further weight reductions in vehicles leads to potential applications in chassis areas, where parts must face up to cyclic loads. The fatigue behaviour of the press hardened 22MnB5 steel and the effect that post-forming processes (such as trimming or punching that usually follows press hardening) on the fatigue behaviour is scarcely known. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyse the fatigue behaviour of 22MnB5 press hardened steels cut using different strategies. The fatigue limit has been obtained in tensile samples of 22MnB5 with an Al–Si coating. Samples were cut by laser and shearing with two different clearance values. Results are compared to those obtained with a high drawing quality mild steel and a dual phase steel with a tensile strength of 1000 MPa, DP1000. It is shown that the fatigue behaviour of press hardened 22MnB5 steels and DP1000 is governed by the defects introduced in cut edges, while the behaviour of the mild steel is almost independent of the cut edge quality. This finding indicates that high strength steels are markedly sensitive to pre-existent defects, such as burr, cracks at the cut edge or surface cracks, and they can be considered as low damage tolerant steels. On the contrary, mild steels are highly damage tolerant, i.e. the fatigue life is mainly independent of the initial defect size. In press hardened 22MnB5, even when cut edges have a high surface quality, the fatigue limit is still limited by the presence of cracks in the brittle Al–Si coating. Crack propagation due to the low damage tolerance capacity of the press hardened steel has been successfully rationalized through a fracture mechanics approach. Thus, if coated press hardened 22MnB5 steels are to be applied in vehicle components subjected to cyclic loads, they must be designed following fracture mechanics concepts to state the safe loading conditions for adequate fatigue resistance.     

Mo对22MnB5钢板热冲压过程中高温氧化行为的影响

针对22MnB5钢板在热冲压成形过程中易被氧化且氧化层易脱落，不仅影响工件的美观和表面质量，也会对模具造成一定磨损的问题，需研究热冲压成形钢的高温氧化行为。采用模拟试验对22MnB5和22MnMoB5钢板的高温氧化行为进行了分析。结果发现，除含Mo和不含Mo外，两种钢板在其他元素含量及工艺参数相同条件下，22MnMoB5钢板的氧化程度明显低于22MnB5钢板，这主要是因为Mo能够在基体表面富集，阻碍易被氧化元素向氧化层扩散；同时，促进Cr氧化物在基体和外氧化层间富集形成保护层，从而抑制基体被进一步氧化。