快速凝固Al—Ti—Fe系合金的组织演化

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe,Al2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V和Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(at%，下同）合金薄带，利用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了这些合金的急冷态和退火态组织。结果表明：快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al5Ti2两种初生相，快凝合金经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了Al13Fe4相，在450℃退火，组织中析出了弥散Al3Ti相；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V合金急冷态组织中存在Al11V相和Al80V20相，400℃退火10h后，初生Al11V相转变为Al80V20相，且固溶在α-Al基体中的Ti,Fe以Al23Ti9相和Al13Fe4相的形式析出；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al13Cr2两种初生相，快凝合金经300℃退火10h后，组织中析出了Al13Cr2和Al3Ti两种弥散相，400℃退火10h时后组织中出现了Al13Fe4相。     

三种中间合金对纯铝晶粒细化作用的对比研究

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪检测分析了Al-5Ti-1B、Al-10Ti和Al-4B三种中间合金的显微组织,并使用这三种合金对纯铝进行了细化实验.结果表明,Al-5Ti-1B中间合金由TiAl3、TiB2和α-Al基体三相组成,Al-10Ti中间合金由TiAl3和α-Al基体两相组成,TiAl3相尺寸不均匀,Al-4B中间合金由AlB2和α-Al基体两相组成.Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Ti中间合金对于纯铝具有良好的细化作用,Al-4B中间合金对于纯铝几乎无细化效果.TiAl3相时于铝晶粒具有显著的细化作用,在Ti的基础上引入B元素可进一步增强细化作用.     

Al-5Ti-B中间合金的热机械处理对铸造铝合金晶粒细化的强化作用(英文)

采用等温液相退火和塑性变形工艺制备含不同尺寸Al3Ti和TiB2粒子的Al-5Ti-B(质量分数,%)中间合金。结果表明:随着中间合金中Al3Ti和TiB2粒子尺寸的减小,合金的晶粒细化作用得到增强,但不适当地减小Al3Ti和TiB2的粒径可能导致这些颗粒作用减弱和结块,从而降低合金的晶粒细化效率。     

不同SPS烧结温度Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微组织及力学性能(英文)

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,制备成分为Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)的TiAl合金块体,随后对TiAl合金进行热处理。研究在不同SPS烧结温度下制备的TiAl合金经过热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:高能球磨后的合金粉末形状不规则,粉末颗粒尺寸大约为几十微米。XRD分析表明,机械球磨后的粉末由TiAl和Ti3Al两相组成;烧结后的Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金块体主要是TiAl相,以及少量的Ti3Al和TiB2相。当烧结温度为900°C和1000°C时,合金的显微组织为双相结构,并伴随有一些细小的等轴γ晶粒和细小的针状TiB2相。当烧结温度从900°C上升到1000°C时,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度变化不大,抗压强度从1812MPa提高到2275MPa,压缩率从22.66%增加到25.59%,合金的断裂方式为穿晶断裂。     

快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金显微组织及热稳定性的研究

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金薄带，利用DSC分析、X射线衍射和透射电镜来分析该合金的急冷态和退火态组织，测定了合金在 同温度下退火10h后的显微硬度。结果表明，快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金稳冷态组织中存在两种初生相：Al3Ti相和Al5Ti2相；而经300℃退火10h后，将发生亚稳相Al5Ti向稳定相Al3Ti 的转变；经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了平衡稳定相Al13Fe4，且在热处理过程中弥散析出Al3Ti相。     

Al-5Ti-1B对ZL107合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同的Al-5Ti-1B细化剂加入量对ZL107合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:Al-5Ti-1B对ZL107合金晶粒有良好的细化效果,当其加人量为0.20%(质量分数)时,合金中α(Al)二次晶臂平均尺寸最小,力学性能也最好;加入量大于0.20%时,性能开始下降.经过T6热处理后,合金的组织和力学性能得到进一步改善提高.合金细化是因为化合物TiAl3、TiB2等成为α(Al)形核的异质核心,并且TiB2能抑制α(Al)的快速长大.     

机械合金化与放电等离子烧结制备Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结技术制备细晶Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)(摩尔分数,%)合金,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对球磨后的粉末形貌、相组成以及烧结块体的显微组织结构进行观察和分析,研究烧结温度对Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸为10～40 μm,内部结构较均匀,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成;放电等离子烧结后的块体主要由主相TiAl、少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al和TiB2相组成;当烧结温度为1 000 ℃时,烧结块体主要为等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒平均尺小于500 nm;当烧结温度为1 100 ℃时,烧结块体致密、无孔洞,部分等轴晶粒明显长大;随着烧结温度的升高,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度随之增大,抗压强度和抗弯强度却随之降低;压缩断口形貌分析表明:Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金在1 000 ℃时,属于沿晶断裂,在1 100 ℃时,断口以沿晶断裂为主,存在部分解理断裂.弯曲断口形貌分析表明:Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金以沿晶断裂为主,存在部分解理断裂.     

快速凝固Al-5Ti-B和Al-10Ti对铝及铝合金的细化效果研究

利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜分析了快速凝固和普通凝固Al-5Ti-B和Al-10Ti中间合金对纯Al和Al-7Si合金的晶粒细化效果.结果表明:快速凝固Al-Ti中间合金在细化纯Al和Al-7Si合金晶粒组织时比普通中间合金的效果更好,主要是因为快速凝固中间合金中具有大量细小弥散的块状Al3Ti相颗粒.这些Al3Ti弥散颗粒可以作为α-Al的形核核心、增强TiB2粒子的形核能力,从而增强快速凝固中间合金的细化能力.     

TiAl预合金粉末热等静压致密化机理及热处理对微观组织的影响

采用感应熔炼气体雾化法(EIGA)制备了Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B(原子分数,%,下同)和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B 2种Ti Al预合金粉末,应用SEM,OM和DSC对预合金粉末进行表征.对Ti Al预合金粉末进行热等静压致密化处理,随后对致密化所得Ti Al合金进行热处理,研究了不同时效温度和冷却速率对Ti Al合金微观组织的影响.结果表明,预合金粉末的冷却速率在105~106K/s之间,随着冷却速率的增加,预合金粉末雾化过程中出现b→a'的马氏体转变.DSC曲线表明,升温过程中在700~800℃之间发生亚稳a2相→g相的转变.在热等静压过程中,预合金粉末初始阶段随机堆积,通过粉末颗粒流动、转动和重排实现致密度的提高.随着温度升高a2相转变为g相;温度进一步升高,粉末颗粒发生显著塑性变形,颗粒间形成烧结颈.随着保温时间的延长,粉末间孔隙主要通过表面扩散、体积扩散和扩散蠕变连接方式完成闭合.Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B预合金粉末热等静压致密化后,其微观组织主要为细小等轴的g相组织,以及少量的a2相和b相.Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B预合金粉末热等静压致密化后,其微观组织主要为细小等轴的g相组织,以及少量的a2相和弥散分布的硅化物x-Nb5Si3.时效温度不同,等轴g相、等轴a2相和a2/g片层之间面积分数发生变化,其变化规律主要取决于各相的Gibbs自由能变化.冷却速率对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B合金连续冷却相变有较大的影响.对于Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B合金,水冷主要形成等轴a2相,油冷、空冷和炉冷都形成全片层组织.对于Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B合金,水冷形成a2相和gm相,油冷和空冷形成羽毛状、Widmanst?tten片层和a2/g片层混合组织,炉冷形成全片层组织.对比2种Ti Al合金连续冷却曲线可知,Nb元素的增加使得连续冷却曲线向无扩散型转变方向发展.     

(TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的相结构与力学性能

采用混合盐反应法制备(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料,测试其室温力学性能,并通过OPM、TEM等观察其微观组织.结果表明:增强相TiB2和Al3Ti弥散分布在α-Al中,颗粒的平均尺寸约100～300nm TiB2呈小圆片状,α-Al的(200)晶面与TiB2的(101)晶面存在局部共格关系,并有[011]Al∥[010]TiB2;Al3Ti呈棒状,几乎与α-Al完全共格,并有[121]Al∥[010]Al3Ti.(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料强韧化的主要机制为细晶强化和弥散强化.     

Effects of solid deformation and melt vibration on structure and refining performance of Al5Ti1B master alloy

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＧｒａｉｎｒｅｆｉｎｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｅｒｓｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｉｎｂｏｔｈｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｃａｓｔｉｎｇｂｙｄｉｒｅｃｔｃｈｉｌｌ (ＤＣ)ａｎｄｉｎｃａｓｔ ｔｏ ｓｈａｐｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ[1].Ａｌ 5%Ｔｉ 1 %Ｂｍａｓｔｅｒａｌ ｌｏｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓＴｉＡｌ3ａｎｄＴｉＢ2 ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎＡｌｍａｔｒｉｘ[2 ,3]ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｒｏｖｅｎｔｏｇｉｖｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｇｒａｉｎｒｅｆｉｎｅｍｅｎｔ[4 ,5 ].Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆ 0 …     

XD合成Al_2O_3,TiB_2/Al复合材料的热力学分析

从热力学的角度讨论了原位反应生成Al2 O3 和TiB2 陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料的合成机理。结果表明 ,在Al TiO2 B体系中 ,以一定的加热速率加热至 10 73K左右时 ,Al与TiO2 之间首先发生铝热反应 ,反应产生出活性钛原子并形成Al Ti B反应系 ;AlB2 和Al3 Ti均系反应中间产物 ,AlB2 在 12 0 0K左右时分解为Al和B ,Al3 Ti被B还原 ,当B的加入量 (摩尔 )是TiO2 的两倍左右时 ,Al3 Ti基本消失 ,最终生成Al2 O3 和TiB2 陶瓷颗粒增强的铝基复合材料。     

放电等离子合成Ti3AlC2-TiB2复合材料的相形成研究

采用放电等离子烧结工艺,以Ti,Al,B4C,TiC为原料制备Ti3AlC2／TiB2复合材料。通过X射线衍射分析了从600℃到1300℃Ti3AlC2／TiB2系统反应过程的相形成规律。用扫描电镜观察了不同温度下试样的显微组织演变。结果表明,在900℃之前,主要的反应是Ti和Al反应生成Ti—Al金属间化合物,900℃之后,Ti—Al金属间化合物与TiC逐渐生成Ti3AlC2和TiB2相,形成致密Ti3AlC2／TiB2复合材料。     

XD合成Al2O3,TiB2／Al复合材料的热力学分析

从热力学的角度讨论了原位反应生成Al2O3和TiB2陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料的合成机理。结果表明,在Al-TiO2-B体系中,以一定的加热速率加热至1073K左右时,Al与TiO2之间首先发生铝热反应,反应产生出活性钛原子并形成Al-Ti-B反应;AlB2和Al3Ti均系反应中间产物,Alb2在1200K左右时分解为Al和B2Al3Ti被B还原,当B的加入量（摩尔）是TiO2的两部左右时,Al3Ti基本消失,最终生成Al2O3和TiB2陶瓷颗粒增强的铝基复合材料。     

Crystallography and refining mechanism of (Ti, B)-contained salts in pure aluminum

It is shown from experiment that the pure B contained salt exhibits little refining effect, while the pure Ti contained salt, especially the salt containing 5Ti/1B, shows obvious refining effect on the pure aluminum. Crystallographic study indicates that Al3Ti particle is a more suitable nucleation site for the aluminum matrix than (Ti, Al)B2 type particles (TiB2, AlB2 and (Ti,Al)B2), because there exist more coherent planes with aluminum matrix in the former. Thermodynamics estimation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM detection show that the refining mechanism of (Ti, B)-contained refiners is mainly contributed to the heterogeneous nuclei of fine Al3Ti particles dispersed in the melting, which comes from the reaction between the Ti and aluminum. (Al, Ti)B2 type particle shows little or no direct refining effect, but it will reduce the size of Al3Ti since the Al3Ti nucleates and grows along the (Al, Ti)B2 type particle interface.     

Al-Ti-C与Al-Ti-B晶粒细化剂的Zr中毒机理

通过采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等对Al-Ti-Zr-C与Al-Ti-Zr-B试验合金中Al3Zr、Al3Ti、TiC或TiB2等第二相粒子结合情况的观察,研究晶粒细化剂的Zr中毒机理。结果表明:两种实验铝合金的凝固组织中Al3Zr均容易与Al3Ti结合形成聚积体,从而抑制了Al3Ti异质形核、细化晶粒的作用,出现所谓晶粒细化剂的Zr中毒现象;而TiC、TiB2粒子基本不与Al3Zr结合,但受Al3Zr的影响出现了团聚现象。根据边-边匹配晶体学模型(E2EM)计算表明:Al3Zr与Al3Ti、α-Ti具有多种可能的共格位向关系,而与TiC/TiB2粒子均只有一种可能的共格位向关系。母相-新相的共格位向关系的多少可作为晶粒细化剂设计的晶体学理论参考。     

Synthesis and grain growth kinetics of in-situ FeAl matrix nanocomposites （ Ⅱ ）： Structural evolution and grain growth kinetics of mechanically alloyed Fe-Al-Ti-B composite powder during heat treatment

Morphological changes, structural evolutions and grain growth kinetics of mechanically alloyed（MAed） Fe50Al50, Fe42.5Al42.5Ti5B10 and Fe35Al35Ti10B20 （mole fraction, %） powders were investigated by XRD and SEM, when being isothermally annealed at 1 073-1 373 K. The effect of different Ti and B addition on the grain growth of FeAI phase was also discussed. The results show that the nanocrystalline FeAI and in-situ TiB2/FeAl nanocomposite powders can be synthesized by subsequent heat treatment. Besides the relaxation of crystal defects and lattice stress, the transformation from Fe-based solid solution into B2-FeAl and TiB2 occurs upon heating of the MA-processed alloys. Although the grain growth takes place, the grain sizes of both FeAl and TiB2 are still in nanometer scale. The activation energies for the nanocrystalline FeAl growth in the three alloys are calculated to be 534.9, 525.6 and 1 069.6 kJ/mol respectively, according to kinetics theory of nanocrystalline growth. Alloys with different TiB2 contents exhibit unequal thermal stability. The presence of higher content TiB2 plays significant role in the impediment of grain growth.     

Synthesis and grain growth kinetics of in-situ FeAl matrix nanocomposites (Ⅱ): Structural evolution and grain growth kinetics of mechanically alloyed Fe-Al-Ti-B composite powder during heat treatment

Morphological changes, structural evolutions and grain growth kinetics of mechanically alloyed(MAed) Fe50Al50, Fe42.5Al42.5Ti5B10 and Fe35Al35Ti10B20 (mole fraction, %) powders were investigated by XRD and SEM, when being isothermally annealed at 1 073-1 373 K. The effect of different Ti and B addition on the grain growth of FeAl phase was also discussed. The results show that the nanocrystalline FeAl and in-situ TiB2/FeAl nanocomposite powders can be synthesized by subsequent heat treatment. Besides the relaxation of crystal defects and lattice stress, the transformation from Fe-based solid solution into B2-FeAl and TiB2 occurs upon heating of the MA-processed alloys. Although the grain growth takes place, the grain sizes of both FeAl and TiB2 are still in nanometer scale. The activation energies for the nanocrystalline FeAl growth in the three alloys are calculated to be 534.9, 525.6 and 1 069.6 kJ/mol respectively, according to kinetics theory of nanocrystalline growth. Alloys with different TiB2 contents exhibit unequal thermal stability. The presence of higher content TiB2 plays significant role in the impediment of grain growth.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of in situ TiB2/Al composites under high-intensity ultrasound

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of in situ TiB2/Al composites fabricated with exothermic reaction process under high-intensity ultrasound produced by the magnetostrictive transducer were investigated. In this method, the microstructure and grain refining performance of the TiB2/Al composites were characterized by optical morphology(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis.Microstructural observations show a decreasing trend in the grain size of the composites due to the ultrasound and the content of TiB2 particles in the composites. Compared with the process without ultrasound, the morphology and agglomeration of TiB2 particles are improved by high-intensity ultrasound. Meanwhile, it is proposed that the formation of TiB2 particles occurs via the transformation from Ti Al3, and at the optimal amount of the reactants, the conversion efficiency of Ti Al3 into TiB2 almost reaches up to 100 %. Finally, the effects of high-intensity ultrasound and TiB2 particles on the mechanical properties of the TiB2/Al composites were also discussed.     

Al—Ti—B晶粒细化合金中的有效形核相

研究了ＡｌＴｉＢ晶粒细化合金中各化合物相ＴｉＡｌ３、ＴｉＢ２和ＡｌＢ２对铝晶粒的细化作用。结果表明，ＴｉＡｌ３相是有效形核相，ＴｉＢ２和ＡｌＢ２相不能单独作为形核相，Ｂ对ＡｌＴｉＢ的细化作用有显著影响，但Ｂ及硼化物不能单独影响细化过程，而是富集在ＴｉＡｌ３相中对细化过程产生重要影响。