离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜提高TC17钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力

为提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力,利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术在TC17钛合金表面制各了TiN/Ti复合膜层,研究了膜层的剖面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度、韧性、常规摩擦学性能以及抗高温微动疲劳性能.结果表明:利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术可以获得硬度高、韧性好、膜基结合强度和承载能力优异的TiN/Ti复合膜层,该膜层具有良好的抗磨和减摩性能,能够显著地提高TC17钛合金在350℃高温环境下的常规磨损和微动疲劳抗力.然而,TC17钛合金表面喷丸强化后进行离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜,由于喷丸层残余压应力的显著松弛以及膜层易于开裂和脱落的缘故,微动疲劳抗力则不及喷丸强化或TiN/Ti复合膜单独作用.     

复合表面改性协同增强Ti合金高温微动疲劳抗力

研究了Ti811（Ti8A11MolV）钛合金表面离子束增强沉积（IBED）0Cr18Ni9膜层的膜基界面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层硬度和摩擦学行为。利用喷丸形变强化对IBED膜层进行后处理，拟达到联合提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力的目的。结果表明：离子束增强沉积技术可以获得致密度高，晶粒细化，孔隙率低，膜基结合强度高的0Cr18Ni9膜层，从而显著提高了钛合金表面硬度和耐磨性能；离子束增强沉积0Cr18Ni9膜层的耐磨性能与喷丸形变强化引入的表层残余压应力协同作用，使Ti811合金在350℃高温下的微动疲劳抗力显著提高，并且高于喷丸强化或IBED膜层的单独作用。     

Mo电极电火花强化与喷丸复合提高Ti合金微动疲劳抗力

采用Mo电极分别在空气和硅油中对Ti811钛合金表面进行电火花强化处理（ESS），探讨消除强化层中裂纹缺陷的途径。将ESS与喷丸强化复合，拟使Ti合金微动疲劳（FF）抗力得到显著改善。结果表明：Mo电极在空气中电火花强化处理Ti811钛合金表面后，强化层出现明显的微裂纹缺陷，由此导致其微动疲劳抗力降低。在硅油中用Mo电极电火花处理Ti811合金不仅消除了表面裂纹缺陷，而且使钛合金表面具有良好的减摩润滑作用，显著改善了钛合金基材的耐磨性能；再经喷丸强化处理，使钛合金基材的微动疲劳抗力显著提高。     

喷丸强化因素对Ti811合金高温微动疲劳抗力的影响

探讨了高温下喷丸强化（SP）因素（残余压应力引入、表面粗糙度增大、表面加工硬化等）对Ti811钛合金微动疲劳（FF）抗力的作用规律和机制。结果表明，SP处理可以有效地提高350℃高温下Ti811合金的微动疲劳抗力，但对500℃下FF抗力有不利影响：SP引入的表层残余压应力增加裂纹闭合力，是SP提高350℃高温下钛合金FF抗力最为重要的因素，SP表面加工硬化的作用为次要因素；SP造成的粗糙度增大在350℃和500℃高温下对钛合金的FF抗力呈现出不利的作用，原因是表面机械损伤的影响突出，这种影响与残余压应力的存在状态有关。     

等离子渗氮与喷丸强化复合改进钛合金抗微动损伤性能

利用直流脉冲等离子电源装置对Ti6A14V钛合金表面渗氮处理,研究了渗氮层的相组成、硬度分布、韧度及摩擦学性能,采用喷丸形变强化(SP)对渗氮层进行后处理,以达到联合提高钛合金微动疲劳(FF)抗力的目的.研究结果表明:脉冲电源等离子技术可在钛合金表面获得由TiN、Ti2N、Ti2A1N等相组成的渗氮层,该改性层能够显著地提高钛合金常规磨损和微动磨损(FW)抗力,但降低了基材的FF抗力.渗氮层的减摩和抗磨性能与SP引入的表面残余压应力协同作用,使钛合金FF抗力超过了SP单独作用.提高渗氮层韧度对改善钛合金FF和FW性能均十分重要.     

Ti811合金的高温微动疲劳行为

利用高频疲劳实验机和自制高温微动疲劳装置,研究了温度、位移幅度、接触压力等因素在对Ti811钛合金高温微动疲劳(FF)行为的影响,并通过形态特征分析,研究了微动疲劳的失效机理.结果表明:350℃和500℃的高温下,Ti811合金微动疲劳敏感性较高,且随着温度的升高,微动疲劳的敏感性增强,蠕变是高温下Ti811合金FF失效的重要影响因素;FF的寿命随着接触压力和位移幅度的变化均呈现出非单调的变化规律,原因是名义接触压力的变化改变了接触区应力分布、应力集中状况和微动位移幅度大小,进而影响FF裂纹萌生几率和扩展驱动力;位移幅度变化影响了疲劳应力因素和磨损在FF过程中所起作用和机制.     

Cu/Ni多层膜在多冲与压压载荷下的失效行为

采用磁控溅射技术在TC4钛合金表面制备Cu/Ni多层膜,利用多冲和动态循环压压试验装置对膜层的力学性能进行了评价,探讨了冲击条件、多层膜调制周期及结构等对多层膜失效行为的影响,比较了多层膜和单层Cu、Ni膜在多冲条件下的失效行为,以及多冲与循环压压载荷对多层膜失效行为的影响.结果表明:多冲法能够较好地表征Cu/Ni多层膜的结合强度、韧性、内聚强度.压压载荷作用下多层膜的失效主要表现为单一的开裂现象,因而压压法更适合评价膜层的韧性.采用合适的过渡层、离子辅助和基材加热方法可以获得高的多层膜强度和韧性;调制周期小于600 nm的Cu/Ni多层膜的内聚强度、韧性及多冲承载能力高于Cu、Ni单层膜;调制周期小于200 nm的多层膜呈现出明显的超硬度现象,且具有良好的强韧性能.     

钛合金表面离子束增强沉积MoS2基膜层及其性能

将离子束增强沉积（IBED）技术与离子束溅射的沉积技术相结合,在钛合金表面制备了MoS2,MoS2-Ti复合膜。研究了膜层的形态、结构、膜基结合强度、硬度、摩擦学性能及抗微动（fretting）损伤性能。结果表明;所获膜层较纯溅射膜结合强度高、致密性好,复合膜中允许的金属元素含量大。通过恰当地控制复合膜中Ti的含量,可获得以（002）基面择优取向的MoS2-Ti复合膜,该膜层有较好的减摩和抗磨综合性能,能够显著地改善钛合金的常规磨损、微动摩员（FW)和微动疲劳（FF）性能,特别是在磨损严重的大位移整体滑条件下,MoS2-Ti复合膜对钛合金FF抗力的提高作用可大于喷丸形变强化处理。     

钛合金表面MoS2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层固体润滑膜的制备及其抗微动磨损性能

目的改善钛合金表面抗微动磨损性能。方法利用非平衡磁控溅射技术在钛合金表面沉积MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层固体润滑膜,并与MoS_2-Ti与Cu-Ni-In单层固体润滑膜进行对比。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、表面轮廓仪对固体润滑薄膜的形貌、硬度、抗微动磨损性能、磨痕形貌进行分析测试。结果所制备的Cu-Ni-In单层膜与MoS_2-Ti单层膜结构致密,与基体结合良好,MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜交替结构清晰,结构致密。MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜的硬度大于MoS_2-Ti及Cu-Ni-In单层膜,多层膜的平均微动系数为0.06,MoS_2-Ti单层膜的平均微动系数为0.102,Cu-Ni-In单层膜的平均微动系数大于1.0。在12 000个微动循环周期后,测得MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜的最终磨损总量为0.045 mm~3,Cu-Ni-In单层膜的最终磨损总量为37.79 mm~3,MoS_2-Ti单层膜的最终磨损总量为0.296 mm~3,即多层膜的抗微动磨损性能较Cu-Ni-In单层膜改善了2个数量级,较MoS_2-Ti单层膜改善了5倍以上。结论 MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜中的多个界面对单层晶粒生长起到了阻挡作用,从而致使交替结构中的单层晶粒得到细化,Cu-Ni-In膜的引入延缓了MoS_2-Ti膜的剥落及其转移,增加了不锈钢球与多层膜间第三体的润滑及减磨效果,多层膜表现出了优异的抗微动磨损性能。     

离子束增强沉积Ti–Mo多层膜和TiMo合金膜及其性能

采用离子束增强磁控溅射沉积技术制备了Ti-Mo金属多层膜和TiMo合金膜,评价了膜层的结合强度、韧性、硬度等力学性能和摩擦学性能.结果表明:不同调制周期及不同调制比的Ti-Mo多层膜的硬度均比Ti、Mo金属单层膜的硬度高,调制周期小于200 nm的多层膜呈现出明显的超硬度现象,调制周期为20 nm的多层膜硬度达到最大值,多层膜硬度随Ti膜:Mo膜调制比的减小而提高.Mo过渡层比Ti过渡层更能有效改善膜层的结合强度,离子辅助轰击能明显提高膜层的结合力.TiMo合金膜的硬度与Mo金属单层膜相近,明显低于调制周期20～200 nm的Ti-Mo多层膜,其韧性也明显低于调制周期60 nm以上的Ti-Mo多层膜.调制周期20～200 nm的Ti-Mo多层膜的耐磨性能优于TiMo合金膜.     

Effect of TiN/Ti multilayer on fretting fatigue resistance of Ti-811 alloy at elevated temperature

The TiN/Ti multilayer was deposited on Ti-811 alloy surface by magnetron sputtering(MS) technique for improving fretting fatigue(FF) resistance of the titanium alloy at elevated temperature. The element distribution, bonding strength, micro-hardness and ductility of the TiN/Ti multilayer were measured. The effects of the TiN/Ti multilayer on the tribological property and fretting fatigue resistance of the titanium alloy substrate at elevated temperature were compared. The results indicate that by MS technique a TiN/Ti multilayer with high hardness, good ductility and high bearing load capability can be prepared. The MS TiN/Ti multilayer, for its good toughness and tribological behavior, can significantly improve the wear resistance and FF resistance of the Ti-811 alloy at 350 ℃.     

Influence of surface coating on Ti811 alloy resistance to fretting fatigue at elevated temperature

An extensive study of the composition distribution, bonding strength, hardness, and wear resistance of a 0Cr18Ni9 film deposited on a Ti811 titanium alloy surface by ion beam enhanced deposition (IBED) is presented. Shot peening was introduced to post-treat the modified surface to synergistically improve the fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti811 alloy at 350～C. The results indicate that the 0Cr18Ni9 film with high density, small grain size, low void radio, and high bonding strength can be prepared using IBED. As a result, the hardness, wear resistance, and fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti811 alloy are increased to a remarkable extent. Compared with shot peening treatment or IBED 0Cr18Ni9 film alone, the Ti811 titanium alloy with an IBED 0Cr18Ni9 film combined with shot peening shows a higher fretting fatigue resistance at 350℃. This is due to the synergistic effect of the high wear resistance of the film surface and the residual compressive stress induced by shot peening.     

Effect of TiN/Ti composite coating and shot peening on fretting fatigue behavior of TC17 alloy at 350 °C

A TiN/Ti composite coating has been prepared on a TC17 titanium alloy substrate by an ion-assisted arc deposition (IAAD) technique with a view to improving the fretting fatigue resistance of the titanium alloy at 350 °C. The composition distribution, bonding strength, micro-hardness, ductility, tribological properties, and fretting fatigue resistance at elevated temperature of the coating have been investigated. The results indicate that the IAAD technique can be used to prepare a TiN/Ti composite coating with high hardness, good ductility, excellent bonding strength, and high load-bearing capability. The TiN/Ti composite coatings can improve the resistance to wear and fretting fatigue of the Ti alloy, as manifested in its excellent tribological behavior at 350 °C. However, the fretting fatigue resistance of the titanium alloy treated by shot peening (SP) combined with IAAD TiN/Ti coating post-treatment was lower than that by IAAD TiN/Ti coating or SP alone, because the compressive residual stress induced by SP was significantly relaxed during coating process and the coating easily cracked and broke off.     

TC4钛合金的微动疲劳行为研究

研究了TC4钛合金在柱面-平面接触条件下的微动疲劳行为.通过观察微动区的磨损特征和截面形貌,分析了微动疲劳损伤机制,探讨了磨屑的形成与演变过程及其对微动疲劳行为的影响,考察了摩擦系数随时间的变化.结果表明,TC4钛合金微动区的损伤机制以粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和接触疲劳为主,并伴有氧化磨损.磨屑是基体材料脱落、破碎、氧化形成的,磨屑中的硬质氧化物颗粒促进了合金表面的磨粒磨损,加速了疲劳失效.     

A Comparison Study of Wear and Fretting Fatigue Behavior Between Cr-alloyed Layer and Cr-Ti Solid-solution Layer

This work reported a comparison between the wear and fretting fatigue(FF) behaviors of a Cr-alloyed layer and a Cr-Ti solid-solution layer.The hardness and toughness of both layers were evaluated to support this comparison.The results showed that the Cr-alloyed layer had high surface hardness but poor toughness,while the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer had excellent toughness but low hardness.The FF properties of the modified Ti6A14 V alloy depended on the trade-off between two factors:wear resistance and fatigue resistance.Although the Cr-alloyed layer could effectively resist the wear in fretting areas,its poor toughness caused the fatigue resistance to drop sharply and hence led to a premature failure in FF test.Due to the relatively good fatigue resistance,the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer had slightly higher FF life than that of the Cr-alloyed layer;however,its low hardness resulted in severe wear in correspondence with the fretting area and thus a failure to improve the FF properties of Ti6A14 V alloy.When combined with shot peening post-treatment,the FF life of both layers increased by about three times compared to that of the Ti6A14 V alloy.A further study showed that the poor toughness or low hardness still exerted negative influence on combination-treated samples.     

Effects of temperature, slip amplitude, contact pressure on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti811 alloys at elevated temperatures

Effects of the temperature,slip amplitude,and contact pressure on fretting fatigue(FF) behavior of the Ti811 titanium alloy were investigated using a high frequency fatigue machine and a home-made high temperature apparatus.The fretting fatigue failure mechanism was studied by observing the fretting surface morphology features.The results show that the sensitivity to fretting fatigue is high at both 350 and 500 °C.The higher the temperature,the more sensitive to the fretting fatigue failure is.Creep is an i...