等离子渗氮与喷丸强化复合改进钛合金抗微动损伤性能

利用直流脉冲等离子电源装置对Ti6A14V钛合金表面渗氮处理,研究了渗氮层的相组成、硬度分布、韧度及摩擦学性能,采用喷丸形变强化(SP)对渗氮层进行后处理,以达到联合提高钛合金微动疲劳(FF)抗力的目的.研究结果表明:脉冲电源等离子技术可在钛合金表面获得由TiN、Ti2N、Ti2A1N等相组成的渗氮层,该改性层能够显著地提高钛合金常规磨损和微动磨损(FW)抗力,但降低了基材的FF抗力.渗氮层的减摩和抗磨性能与SP引入的表面残余压应力协同作用,使钛合金FF抗力超过了SP单独作用.提高渗氮层韧度对改善钛合金FF和FW性能均十分重要.     

Effect of TiN/Ti composite coating and shot peening on fretting fatigue behavior of TC17 alloy at 350 °C

A TiN/Ti composite coating has been prepared on a TC17 titanium alloy substrate by an ion-assisted arc deposition (IAAD) technique with a view to improving the fretting fatigue resistance of the titanium alloy at 350 °C. The composition distribution, bonding strength, micro-hardness, ductility, tribological properties, and fretting fatigue resistance at elevated temperature of the coating have been investigated. The results indicate that the IAAD technique can be used to prepare a TiN/Ti composite coating with high hardness, good ductility, excellent bonding strength, and high load-bearing capability. The TiN/Ti composite coatings can improve the resistance to wear and fretting fatigue of the Ti alloy, as manifested in its excellent tribological behavior at 350 °C. However, the fretting fatigue resistance of the titanium alloy treated by shot peening (SP) combined with IAAD TiN/Ti coating post-treatment was lower than that by IAAD TiN/Ti coating or SP alone, because the compressive residual stress induced by SP was significantly relaxed during coating process and the coating easily cracked and broke off.     

钛合金表面离子束增强沉积MoS2基膜层及其性能

将离子束增强沉积（IBED）技术与离子束溅射的沉积技术相结合,在钛合金表面制备了MoS2,MoS2-Ti复合膜。研究了膜层的形态、结构、膜基结合强度、硬度、摩擦学性能及抗微动（fretting）损伤性能。结果表明;所获膜层较纯溅射膜结合强度高、致密性好,复合膜中允许的金属元素含量大。通过恰当地控制复合膜中Ti的含量,可获得以（002）基面择优取向的MoS2-Ti复合膜,该膜层有较好的减摩和抗磨综合性能,能够显著地改善钛合金的常规磨损、微动摩员（FW)和微动疲劳（FF）性能,特别是在磨损严重的大位移整体滑条件下,MoS2-Ti复合膜对钛合金FF抗力的提高作用可大于喷丸形变强化处理。     

Effect of TiN/Ti multilayer on fretting fatigue resistance of Ti-811 alloy at elevated temperature

The TiN/Ti multilayer was deposited on Ti-811 alloy surface by magnetron sputtering(MS) technique for improving fretting fatigue(FF) resistance of the titanium alloy at elevated temperature. The element distribution, bonding strength, micro-hardness and ductility of the TiN/Ti multilayer were measured. The effects of the TiN/Ti multilayer on the tribological property and fretting fatigue resistance of the titanium alloy substrate at elevated temperature were compared. The results indicate that by MS technique a TiN/Ti multilayer with high hardness, good ductility and high bearing load capability can be prepared. The MS TiN/Ti multilayer, for its good toughness and tribological behavior, can significantly improve the wear resistance and FF resistance of the Ti-811 alloy at 350 ℃.     

Cu/Ni多层膜对Ti811合金微动磨损和微动疲劳抗力的影响

在Ti811钛合金表面利用离子辅助磁控溅射沉积技术制备20～1200nm不同调制周期的Cu/Ni金属多层膜,分析多层膜的结构,测试膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度和韧性,对比研究不同调制周期的Cu/Ni多层膜对钛合金基材常温下微动磨损性能和微动疲劳(FF)抗力的影响。结果表明:利用离子辅助磁控溅射技术可以获得致密度高、晶粒细化、膜基结合强度高的Cu/Ni多层膜,该类多层膜具有良好的减摩润滑作用,因而改善了Ti811钛合金常温下抗微动磨损和微动疲劳性能;Cu/Ni多层膜对钛合金FF抗力的改善程度随膜层调制周期呈现非单调变化趋势,调制周期为200nm的Cu/Ni多层膜对钛合金FF抗力的提高程度最大,原因归于该膜层具有良好的强韧和润滑综合性能。     

钛合金表面离子束增强沉积的Cr和CrMo合金膜层及其性能

利用多功能离子束增强沉积(IBED)设备，在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备Cr和CrMo合金膜层，以提高钛合金表面的耐磨性能。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、辉光放电光谱仪和显微硬度计分析和测试了IBED膜层的结构、形态、成分分布、硬度和膜基结合强度的大小。利用球一盘磨损试验机和电化学综合测试仪研究了IBED膜层的摩擦学性能和电化学腐蚀特性。结果表明，利用IBED方法可以在难镀材料钛合金表面制备膜基结合强度高、结晶致密和晶粒尺寸达纳米级的高硬度Cr膜和CrMo合金膜层，显著提高了钛合金表面的抗磨性能，且膜层本身有很好的耐Cl^-介质环境电化学腐蚀性能，与钛合金基体之间有很好的接触腐蚀相容性。     

表面纳米化钛合金与不锈钢扩散连接

采用高能喷丸(HESP)对TA17钛合金和0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材的连接面进行了表面自纳米化(SSNC)处理,在连接面获得了一定厚度的纳米晶组织层。将钛合金和不锈钢的纳米化处理连接面对接,在热模拟试验机上进行恒温恒压和脉冲加压扩散连接。测试接头拉伸强度,并对断口和接头显微组织进行分析。结果表明,采用脉冲加压扩散连接,接头界面处生成的金属间化合物层较薄,接头抗拉强度高达384.0MPa;断口呈脆性断裂特征。     

A Comparison Study of Wear and Fretting Fatigue Behavior Between Cr-alloyed Layer and Cr-Ti Solid-solution Layer

This work reported a comparison between the wear and fretting fatigue(FF) behaviors of a Cr-alloyed layer and a Cr-Ti solid-solution layer.The hardness and toughness of both layers were evaluated to support this comparison.The results showed that the Cr-alloyed layer had high surface hardness but poor toughness,while the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer had excellent toughness but low hardness.The FF properties of the modified Ti6A14 V alloy depended on the trade-off between two factors:wear resistance and fatigue resistance.Although the Cr-alloyed layer could effectively resist the wear in fretting areas,its poor toughness caused the fatigue resistance to drop sharply and hence led to a premature failure in FF test.Due to the relatively good fatigue resistance,the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer had slightly higher FF life than that of the Cr-alloyed layer;however,its low hardness resulted in severe wear in correspondence with the fretting area and thus a failure to improve the FF properties of Ti6A14 V alloy.When combined with shot peening post-treatment,the FF life of both layers increased by about three times compared to that of the Ti6A14 V alloy.A further study showed that the poor toughness or low hardness still exerted negative influence on combination-treated samples.     

喷丸预处理对Ti6Al4V合金低温等离子体氮化的影响

为改善钛合金表面耐磨性能,同时达到防止薄壁零部件变形和节约能源的目的,以Ti6Al4V钛合金为对象,研究了喷丸强化预处理对钛合金低温渗氮层及耐磨性的改善作用。结果表明,喷丸强化预处理能够有效促进钛合金表面低温离子渗氮过程,在500 ℃低温渗氮试验条件下,随着喷丸预处理强度的增大,钛合金渗氮效率逐步提高,渗氮层的表面硬度、承载能力和表观韧性逐步增加,使得渗氮层的耐磨性能逐步提高。当喷丸预处理强度增加到0.25 mmA时,Ti6Al4V钛合金渗氮层的表面硬度比单纯渗氮处理试样提高32.7%,磨损率降低42.3%,使钛合金基体的磨损率降低70.5%,较好地实现了喷丸预处理促进钛合金低温离子渗氮的目标。     

Effects of temperature, slip amplitude, contact pressure on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti811 alloys at elevated temperatures

Effects of the temperature,slip amplitude,and contact pressure on fretting fatigue(FF) behavior of the Ti811 titanium alloy were investigated using a high frequency fatigue machine and a home-made high temperature apparatus.The fretting fatigue failure mechanism was studied by observing the fretting surface morphology features.The results show that the sensitivity to fretting fatigue is high at both 350 and 500 °C.The higher the temperature,the more sensitive to the fretting fatigue failure is.Creep is an i...     

离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜提高TC17钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力

为提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力,利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术在TC17钛合金表面制各了TiN/Ti复合膜层,研究了膜层的剖面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度、韧性、常规摩擦学性能以及抗高温微动疲劳性能.结果表明:利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术可以获得硬度高、韧性好、膜基结合强度和承载能力优异的TiN/Ti复合膜层,该膜层具有良好的抗磨和减摩性能,能够显著地提高TC17钛合金在350℃高温环境下的常规磨损和微动疲劳抗力.然而,TC17钛合金表面喷丸强化后进行离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜,由于喷丸层残余压应力的显著松弛以及膜层易于开裂和脱落的缘故,微动疲劳抗力则不及喷丸强化或TiN/Ti复合膜单独作用.     

表面纳米化钛合金与不锈钢脉冲加压扩散连接

采用高能喷丸（HESP）对TA17钛合金和0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材的端面进行了表面自纳米化（SSNC）处理,在端面获得了一定厚度的纳米晶组织层。将钛合金和不锈钢的纳米化处理端面对接,在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上进行脉冲加压扩散连接。对接头进行了拉伸试验,并对断口和接头显微组织进行了研究分析。结果表明,接头强度高达384．0MPa,与在相同条件下获得的常规粗晶的接头强度相比,有显著的提高。接头在拉伸时发生脆性断裂,接头剖面的显微硬度随显微组织而变化。     

离子渗ZrN与喷丸复合对TC4合金疲劳行为的影响

为改善钛合金耐磨和抗疲劳性能,采用离子渗技术在TC4钛合金表面先渗Zr,再渗N形成梯度ZrN合金化层,并与喷丸强化(SP)后处理复合。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分析测试了改性层的组织结构和硬度沿层深的分布,探讨了改性层对TC4钛合金疲劳性能的影响规律和作用机制。结果表明,TC4钛合金离子渗层由ZrN-TiN复合相表层和富氮的Zr-Ti固溶体次表层组成,表面以ZrN相为主,其硬度较基材提高了3.2倍,合理强度的喷丸后处理未造成渗ZrN层表面明显损伤,并使表层硬度进一步增大,硬度沿层深呈现梯度递减分布。渗ZrN层明显降低了TC4合金的疲劳抗力,此归于ZrN-TiN层韧性低、表面粗糙度大。SP后处理则使渗ZrN的TC4钛合金疲劳抗力显著提高,不仅远高于TC4钛合金基材,而且远大于SP处理状态,原因归于复合处理引入了数值高、分布深的残余压应力场,并使表面粗糙度降低、组织改善,有效抑制了疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。     

Behaviour of shot peening combined with WC-Co HVOF coating under complex fretting wear and fretting fatigue loading conditions

This study investigated the fretting and fretting fatigue performance of tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) HVOF spray coating systems. Fretting wear and fretting fatigue tests of specimens with shot peening and WC-Co coatings on 30NiCrMo substrates were also performed. The WC-Co coating presents very good wear resistance by decreasing the energy wear coefficient (α) under fretting conditions by more than 9 times. The tested coating reduces crack nucleation under both fretting and fretting fatigue situations. Finally the crack arrest conditions are evaluated by the combined fretting and fretting fatigue investigation. It is shown and explained how and why this combined surface treatment (i.e., shot peening and WC-Co) presents a very good compromise against wear and cracking fretting damage.     

喷丸表面覆盖率对Ti60高温钛合金疲劳性能的影响

采用新型的陶瓷弹丸,对Ti60钛合金进行相同喷丸强度和不同表面覆盖率(100%,200%,400%)的喷丸强化,研究了喷丸前后的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、残余应力场、X射线衍射峰半高宽等表面完整性特征参数以及其对高温疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,喷丸覆盖率对表面完整性具有重大影响,因此不同覆盖率喷丸Ti60钛合金试样具有显著差异的疲劳寿命。采用200%覆盖率喷丸,可以使钛合金Ti60保持较小的表面粗糙度(Ra=1.2μm),较大的尖端圆角曲率半径(相对磨削加工),较好的残余应力分布和稳定的强化层微观组织,这些较好的表面完整性状态使Ti60钛合金的高温旋转弯曲疲劳寿命提高了4倍左右;而采用其他表面覆盖率(100%,400%)喷丸时,Ti60钛合金的高温疲劳寿命提高了2倍左右。     

Microstructure and vacuum tribological properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel with combined surface treatments

A sulfide film was fabricated on the nanocrystalline layer of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by a two-step method of supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB) and low temperature ion sulfurization treatments. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanocrystallized surface and the sulfide film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (equipped with EDS), augur energy spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and nano-indenter. The tribological behaviour of the treated (after SFPB and sulfurizing treatments) 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel in vacuum was investigated on a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that, randomly oriented equiaxial nanograins with the mean grain size less than 30 nm were formed in the top surface layer of the SFPB treated sample, and a compact and uniform sulfide film mainly composed of FeS was obtained after the succedent sulfurizing treatment. Compared to the original 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel, the treated surface revealed lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance in vacuum, and the variation of tribological properties with atmospheric pressure of the treated samples was not significant. The dominant wear mechanisms of the treated 1Cr18Ni9Ti in vacuum were abrasive wear and fatigue wear.     

表面喷丸强化处理对TC11钛合金疲劳性能的影响

目的改善TC11钛合金的抗疲劳性能。方法采用喷丸表面强化工艺对TC11钛合金进行了表面强化处理,研究了喷丸强化处理、喷丸+二次喷丸强化处理对TC11钛合金试样表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微组织及疲劳性能的影响。结果喷丸处理能够在试样表层引入厚度约230?m的残余压应力场,但同时导致试样表面粗糙度值增加。喷丸后进行表面二次喷丸,试样表面残余压应力值和残余压应力峰值提高,但残余压应力峰值的位置和残余压应力层的厚度变化不大。二次喷丸对试样表面起到一定程度的修复作用,使试样表面粗糙度值降低。喷丸后试样表层组织发生明显的塑性变形,晶粒变细,而喷丸+二次喷丸处理可使试样表层组织得到进一步细化。喷丸处理后,试样的疲劳强度由480 MPa提高至540 MPa,提高了12.5%,二次喷丸使试样的疲劳强度提高至570 MPa,在喷丸的基础上继续提高了5.5%。结论喷丸后对试样表面进行二次喷丸对表层残余应力场的影响不大,二次喷丸主要通过降低试样表面粗糙度值和细化试样表层组织,使试样的疲劳强度得到进一步提高。     

喷丸对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢 表面性能的影响

针对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢材料，研究喷丸强化对其表面性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、白光干涉仪等设备，分析喷丸强化对试样表面形貌、粗糙度、硬度、残余应力、元素含量等的影响。结果表明:喷丸强化后，试样表面留有大量弹坑，产生明显塑性变形；表面粗糙度增大，算术平均粗糙度为1.33 μm；硬度显著增大，最表层硬度由喷丸前的HV 476增加至HV 497，硬化层深度约150 μm；试样表层的残余压应力值由375 MPa增加至475 MPa，最大残余压应力值约518 MPa，位于距表面50 μm深度处，喷丸形成的残余压应力层深度约为134 μm；喷丸后试样中C、Si、Cr等各元素的质量分数均略有增加。喷丸在一定程度上改善了23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo钢材料的表面性能，有利于提高其疲劳抗力和耐腐蚀性。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆AlBxCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的组织与性能

目的研究AlB_xCoCrNiTi(x=0、0.5、1)高熵合金涂层的组织及性能,提高钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性。方法采用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备出AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)等材料分析手段,研究了B含量对高熵合金涂层形貌、组织结构、成分的影响,并采用维氏硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验检测了熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性能。结果高熵合金涂层与基体的整体结合形貌良好。未添加B的高熵合金涂层主要由BCC相和晶体结构类似(Co,Ni)Ti_2相组成。随着B的加入,高熵合金涂层的晶粒得到细化,BCC相含量增加,(Co,Ni)Ti_2相含量有所减少,且熔覆层原位生成了TiB_2硬质相,TiB_2硬质相含量随B含量的增加而增加。熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性与B含量呈正相关关系,AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的平均显微硬度最大,为814HV,且AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的磨损量最小,其耐磨性约为未添加B的高熵合金涂层的7倍。结论 B含量的增加,有助于改善AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的摩擦学性能,AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层有效提高了钛合金表面的硬度及耐磨性能。     

激光冲击处理对焊接接头力学性能的影响(Ⅰ)

当短脉冲、高峰值功率密度 (>10 13 W /m2 )的激光辐射金属靶材时 ,就产生高温、高压等离子体 ,该等离子体受到约束层的约束时产生高强度应力波冲击金属表面并向内部传播 ,在材料表面产生应变硬化 ,称这种表面强化技术为激光冲击处理或激光喷丸。激光冲击处理可以提高材料表层硬度、强度 ,并获得比传统的喷丸技术更深的硬化层或残余压应力层 ,从而更有利于材料疲劳性能的提高 ,为研究激光冲击处理在焊后强化方面的应用 ,本文对 1.6 6mm厚的镍基高温合金GH30、1.2mm厚的奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti板材焊缝进行了激光冲击处理 ,对比了激光冲击处理试件和未经激光冲击处理试件焊逢的表层显微硬度、残余应力、抗拉强度和疲劳寿命 ,发现激光冲击处理能提高GH30氩弧焊焊接接头抗拉强度 12 % ,提高 1Cr18Ni9Ti等离子焊接接头疲劳寿命30 0 %以上。