平行磁场对电沉积镍铁合金显微组织的影响

针对0T～12T平行强磁场下电沉积镍铁膜的微观形貌、晶体取向和成分进行了比较和分析.研究发现:无磁场时样品以树枝晶形式由基片向外生长,而强磁场下样品的二次枝晶生长受到抑制,主轴逐渐细化,主轴间距逐渐减小,12 T磁场下,样品的二次枝晶退化为小的胞状晶,且主轴呈现出断裂趋势;强磁场下的电沉积样品晶体发生了择优取向;匀强磁场中磁致对流对镍铁合金膜的成分没有影响,梯度磁场中梯度磁化力使镀层铁含量提高.     

强磁场对电沉积镍铁合金膜显微组织的影响

在电沉积镍铁合金膜过程中施加了不同强度的纵向强磁场,研究了磁场强度对电沉积镍铁合金膜的微观形貌、晶粒取向和成分的影响。结果表明:随着磁感应强度增加,镀层表面晶粒先粗化,然后细化为数百纳米的颗粒层;同时样品截面组织经历了由层状生长转为树枝晶、脊状晶和条状晶的一系列变化;在12 T强磁场下条状晶沿外磁场方向破碎为球状微晶组织;强磁场使样品(111)晶面择优取向,并进一步促进了Fe2 的优先沉积,使样品中铁含量随外加磁场强度的增大而增加,而膜的饱和磁化强度也线性提高。     

强磁场下Fe-49％Sn偏晶合金凝固组织及磁性能

研究了强磁场对Fe-49%Sn(质量分数)偏晶合金凝固组织演变及磁性能的影响.结果表明:施加强磁场可以显著改变富Fe相枝晶形貌,进而改善材料的磁性能.在无磁场作用下富Fe相为无方向性的枝晶及网状组织形貌;随磁感应强度增加,富Fe相沿平行磁场方向定向排列程度增加,α-Fe的(110)晶面衍射强度增强.分析认为,这是由于强磁场诱使晶体磁各向异性能增加,使得α-Fe枝晶择优取向作用增强.根据样品磁滞回线计算的磁各向异性能结果与理论分析一致.另外,XRD分析表明,有、无强磁场作用下凝固样品的物相均不变,都由α-Fe,β-Sn,FeSn及FeSn2组成.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Fe-49%Sn HYPERMONOTECTIC ALLOYS IMPOSED BY A HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD

研究了强磁场对Fe-49%Sn(质量分数)偏晶合金凝固组织演变及磁性能的影响. 结果表明: 施加强磁场可以显著改变富Fe相枝晶形貌, 进而改善材料的磁性能.在无磁场作用下富Fe相为无方向性的枝晶及网状组织形貌; 随磁感应强度增加, 富Fe相沿平行磁场方向定向排列程度增加, α-Fe的(110)晶面衍射强度增强. 分析认为, 这是由于强磁场诱使晶体磁各向异性能增加, 使得α-Fe枝晶择优取向作用增强. 根据样品磁滞回线计算的磁各向异性能结果与理论分析一致. 另外, XRD分析表明, 有、无强磁场作用下凝固样品的物相均不变, 都由α-Fe, β-Sn,FeSn及FeSn2组成.     

强磁场对非线性光学晶体ZnGeP_2生长及性能的影响

按化学计量比并富P2%配料,通过改进的单温区合成法合成出高纯、单相的ZnGeP2多晶原料,在无磁场、6 T匀强磁场和上、下梯度磁场条件下,使用坩埚下降法成功生长出ZnGeP2单晶。研究表明,施加6 T匀强磁场和上、下梯度磁场后,ZnGeP2晶体依次沿(116)、(112)和(220)取向,与无磁场下晶体取向不同;ZnGeP2晶体成分沿纵向方向在强磁场中比无磁场中波动明显;红外透过率在匀强和上梯度磁场中均有明显提高,下梯度磁场中变化不明显;电阻率在匀强和上梯度磁场中有所下降,而下梯度磁场中则有所升高。     

强磁场下亚共晶Al-Cu合金初生相形核与生长行为(英文)

应用差热分析法研究了强磁场下Al-20.8%Cu(质量分数)亚共晶合金初生相形核与生长特性。差热分析曲线表明,初生相的形核温度随磁场强度的增大而降低,其生长速率则随磁场强度增大而增大。初生相枝晶由无磁场时无序生长转变为磁场下规则生长。研究表明,10T量级的磁场对Al晶体形核驱动力的影响可以忽略,初生相形核温度的降低主要归结为磁场下固液界面自由能的增加。枝晶形貌转变则源于磁场对熔体流动的抑制及铝晶体的磁各向异性。     

强磁场作用下偏晶合金取向凝固组织的形成

研究了强磁场对Fe-49Sn和Cu-40Pb偏晶合金凝固组织的取向作用。研究结果表明,在强磁场作用下,Fe-49Sn和Cu-40Pb偏晶合金都形成具有一定取向的凝固组织。施加10T强磁场后,α-Fe晶体的磁各向异性和α-Fe枝晶的择优取向促使了Fe-49Sn偏晶合金形成沿平行磁场方向取向排列的富Fe相枝晶凝固组织,α-Fe的(110)晶面衍射强度明显增强;在12T强磁场作用下,强磁场对富Pb相小液滴运动及凝固前沿熔体流动的抑制作用,促使Cu-40Pb偏晶合金试样中心形成较长的规则排列的富Pb相棒状组织。     

纵向磁场作用下DZ417G高温合金的枝晶生长行为

研究纵向磁场对高温合金DZ417G定向凝固显微组织的影响。结果表明:在较低生长速率下,磁场能显著影响高温合金柱状枝晶的生长;低磁场(0.1T)能使枝晶生长规则化,生长方向逐渐统一并平行于磁场方向,一次枝晶臂间距减小;高磁场(2T)破坏枝晶生长,枝晶发生断裂,逐渐出现一些云状组织;随着生长速率的增大,磁场的影响逐渐减弱。并从磁场诱发热电磁对流和熔体流动影响枝晶生长的角度对实验结果进行分析。     

纵向强磁场对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金显微组织的影响

强磁场可明显影响Al—4．5％Cu（质量分数）合金定向凝固组织．在温度梯度GT=38K／cm，生长速率较低（R=5μm／s）时，10T强磁场使液-固界面处的树枝晶变得不规则，低于共晶温度以下的固相区定向枝晶组织消失，组织细化；在生长速率R=50μm／s时，10T强磁场使得枝晶沿与凝固方向成一定角度定向排列，X射线衍射表明（111）方向转向磁场方向；在生长速率较高（R=100μm／s）的情况下，10T强磁场使得枝晶粗化，一次枝晶间距增大．从热电磁流体理论和磁晶的各向异性角度分析了上述现象．     

静磁场下浓度梯度控制的凝固过程中α(Al)枝晶定向生长行为（英文）

制备大小两种Cu(固态)/Al(液态)扩散偶,考察在不同静磁场下浓度梯度控制的凝固过程中初生α(Al)相的定向生长行为。结果表明:在大扩散偶中,无论是否施加磁场,α(Al)枝晶均呈现定向生长特征,但12T磁场导致枝晶的规则生长、一致偏转和二次枝晶臂减小;在小扩散偶中,当磁感应强度≤5T时,α(Al)枝晶仍呈一定的定向生长特征,当磁感应强度升至8.8T时,枝晶的定向生长被破坏并诱发严重的混乱偏转,而当磁感应强度升至12T时,枝晶尽管仍呈一致偏转,但变得非常规则。枝晶的定向生长源于在熔体中建立的连续长程浓度梯度。枝晶的形貌改变则主要与静磁场对自然对流的抑制以及其诱发的热电磁对流有关。     

强磁场下共沉淀-相转化法制备纳米鈷铁氧体颗粒

在强磁场下采用共沉淀-相转化法制备出了纳米级的钴铁氧体颗粒;通过SEM,XRD和VSM等分析手段,考察了磁感应强度对纳米钴铁氧体形貌及性能的影响规律.结果表明:无磁场及磁感应强度小于2T时,纳米钴铁氧体颗粒为球形;当磁感应强度大于、等于4 T时,棒状纳米钴铁氧体开始形成.随着磁感应强度的增大,棒状纳米颗粒数量增加,纳米钴铁氧体的晶化程度提高,磁性能(Mr,Ms,Mr/Ms)也大幅度提高.与无磁场相比, 10 T时制备的纳米钴铁氧体颗粒的剩余磁化强度Mr增加近15倍,饱和磁化强度Ms提高约1.44倍.从磁聚合定向生长和临界磁畴角度分析了强磁场影响共沉淀-相转化法制备的纳米钴铁氧体的形貌、晶化程度及磁性变化的机理.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Effect of Transverse Static Magnetic Field on Microstructure of Al-12% Si Alloys Fabricated by Powder-Blow Additive ManufacturingEI北大核心CSCD

Due to the great advantage in manufacturing component with complex structures, additive manufacturing (3D print), essentially the rapid solidification of tiny metallic molten pool (hemisphere like with diameter ranging from dozens of microns to several millimeters) has become an important formation technique. Using powder laser melting, the effect of transverse static magnetic field on the solidified structure of additive manufactured Al-12% Si alloy was studied. The macrostructure was formed by white band (mainly primary alpha-Al phase) and dark grey area (mainly eutectic phase) and no obvious influence was presented with or without static transverse magnetic field of 0.35 T. However, for the microstructure, the primary alpha-Al in dark grey area formed as columnar structure without magnetic field was found to transform to dendritic like with developed dendrite arms when under a static transverse magnetic field. The analysis on thermoelectricity and dimensionless Hartman parameter which used to characterize the restriction of static magnetic field on molten flows show that under a static transverse magnetic field of 0.35 T, the thermoelectric magnetic force can be as high as a magnitude of 10(5) N/m(3), and Hartman values is far more than 10. The results indicate that the Marigoni and thermosolutal convection in laser melting pool was restricted. The transform from columnar to equiaxed dendrite of primary alpha-Al in dark grey area under static magnetic field was attributed to the fragmentation by thermoelectric magnetic force (10(5) N/m(3)) in solid phase. In addition, the formation of high order dendrite arms was supposed to be caused by the restriction of static magnetic field on the melt.     

强磁场对Bi-Mn合金MnBi相形态的影响

研究了强磁场对Bi-Mn合金MnBi相形态的影响,发现在10T的磁场下,在一定温度范围内顺磁相MnBi转变为铁磁相并由一个晶体分裂为许多沿磁场方向取向和聚合的小晶体.并从磁场诱发应变的角度上分析了磁场对相变温度和MnBi相形态的影响.     

Alignment behavior of MnBi phase in Bi-Mn alloy solidified in static magnetic field

1　INTRODUCTIONRegularstructuresinmaterialsarealwayspre paredtoimprovetheirproperties .Itiswellknownthatpowderedferromagneticmaterialscanbeorientedinastaticmagneticfield .Inrecentyearshighmag neticfieldwasappliedtoinducealignmentofparticlesinsomenonferromagneticmaterialswithanisotropicmagneticsusceptibilityinroomtemperature ,suchasparamagneticYBa2 Cu3O7ceramic[1] anddiamagneticgraphite[2 ] .Ifthematerialshavearesidualanisotropyintheirmagneticsusceptibilityatahightemperature ,theycanbetex…     

磁场对Bi-Mn合金两相区中MnBi相凝固组织的影响

将Bi-3%Mn和Bi-6%Mn合金加热至固液两相区内低于MnBi相Curie点的温度，保温30min后在一定条件下降温凝固，施加0－1．0T磁场，结果表明，磁场对MnBi相凝固组织和材料磁性能有明显的影响，Bi-Mn合金在固液两相区恒温时，MnBi晶体在大于0．1T的磁场作用下沿磁场方向排列和优先长大，定向排列因子г随外磁场强度的增大而提高，在磁场作用下的降温凝固过程中，沿磁场方向MnBi晶体长度增加，其平均长度随磁场的增大和合金在磁场中凝固时间的延长而增加，此外，磁取向试样具有明显的磁各向异性，平行定向排列方向的剩显著增强，而垂直方向的磁性很弱，从铁磁性MnBi晶体的磁各向异性和磁化晶体之间磁相互作用出发，建立了MnBi晶体的磁场中取向和优先长大的理论模型，并利用该模型对实验结果进行了讨论。     

静磁场下电渣重熔轴承钢的研究

在电渣重熔轴承钢的过程中施加与电流方向垂直的静磁场,研究了不同电流密度和磁感应强度对轴承钢重熔锭的凝固组织、非金属夹杂物、杂质元素含量和硬度的影响。结果表明:施加的静磁场形成电磁激振效应,能够显著细化金属熔滴,提高非金属夹杂物和杂质元素的去除效率;有利于降低枝晶间距获得细晶组织,降低合金元素的偏析;提高铸锭的力学性能,因此施加静磁场是强化电渣重熔过程的重要手段。     

Giant magnetoresistance and super-paramagnetism in electrodeposited NiFe/Cu multilayers

The giant magnetoresistance of electrodeposited NiFe/Cu multilayers from a single bath under potentiostatic control is studied. The observed nonsaturating behavior urged us to investigate the probability of the occurrence of superparamagnetic regions in these multilayers. In this research, for the first time, the presence of super-paramagnetic regions in electrodeposited NiFe/Cu multilayers is shown and proved via high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The reason was found to be the existence of a very large anodic transient at the beginning of the copper deposition pulse, which could be eliminated by choosing a more negative potential.