Pt催化作用下无氢碳化制备纳米WC粉及其烧结性能研究

针对无氢碳化中反应速率缓慢、颗粒长大的问题,在无氢碳化过程中添加少量Pt作为催化剂,制备纳米WC粉。采用热压烧结对WC粉进行烧结得到无粘结相硬质合金。研究了Pt添加对WC粉的形貌和烧结性能的影响,以及Pt和烧结温度对烧结样品的致密化,组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,少量的Pt可显著降低无氢碳化温度,制备的WC粉粒径细小且均匀。随着烧结温度升高,无粘结相硬质合金的致密度增加,晶粒尺寸增大,硬度与断裂韧性增加,但烧结温度过高,出现异常长大晶粒和W₂C,导致无粘结相硬质合金的断裂韧性严重下降。最佳烧结工艺为,烧结温度1700 ℃,保温60 min,压力40 MPa,所得无粘结相硬质合金致密度达到98.8%,平均晶粒尺寸为263.6 nm,维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别为2887 kg.mm^_-2和7.1 MPa.mm^_1/2。     

Ni2+和Co2+复配（MoO2-4+Zn2+）对A20碳钢的缓蚀率研究

    用静态失重法研究了在标准配制水中Ni²⁺和Co²⁺复配（MoO^2-₄+Zn²⁺）对A20碳钢的缓蚀行为.结果表明,Langelier饱和指数（LSI）、MoO^2-₄浓度、Ni²⁺和Co²⁺浓度对缓蚀率的影响程度依次为：LSI>MoO^2-₄≈Co²⁺>LSI与MoO^2-₄的交互作用;Ni²⁺对提高缓蚀率几乎无贡献.     

水热法制备球花状MoS2及其热红联用分析

以Na₂MoO₄为钼源,CS(NH₂)₂为硫源,H₂C₂O₄为还原剂,采用水热合成法制备了球花状MoS₂微球,并利用XRD、SEM-EDS和TG-DSC-FTIR等分析手段对其晶型、微观形貌、热性能等进行分析。研究结果表明：Mo/S比、还原剂添加量、反应温度和反应时间均对产物收率产生影响。球花状微球为纯净的六角2H-MoS₂,微球直径约为1-2 um,微球上球花厚度约为15-20 nm。球花状MoS₂微球热损失大致可以分为两个阶段：MoS₂转化阶段(温度区间为221.40 °С～603.15 °С)和MoO₃相变阶段(温度区间为603.15 °С～1220 °С)。转化阶段MoS₂转化为MoO₂和MoO₃,质量损失为22.3%；相变阶段主要是发生了固相MoO₃转变为液相和气相的相变反应。FTIR结果表明,SO₂气体在603.15℃之前全部析出,证明了MoS₂在600℃左右完全转化。与常规MoS₂相比,球花状MoS₂微球表现出更高的活性。     

Ni添加对直接乙醇燃料电池Pt基催化剂催化性能的影响

本文通过水热法制备出孔径分布范围3.1~4.2nm,比表面积为174.72m₂/g的CeO₂作为助催化剂,以碳纳米管为载体,采用微波辅助乙二醇法制备PtNiCeO₂/C催化剂,探究Ni添加对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子能谱(EDAX)对所制备的CeO₂及催化剂进行微观表征,利用电化学工作站对所制备的催化剂进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,添加CeO₂且催化剂中Pt与Ni的比例为5:1时,制备的催化剂电催化性能最优,其电化学活性表面积为90.41m₂/g,对乙醇催化氧化的峰电流密度值为837.67A/g,1100s的稳态电流密度值为178.33A/g,说明添加一定量的Ni,可提高催化剂的抗中毒能力和电催化性能。     

焙烧气氛对Pt/Al2O3 催化氧化CO和C3H6 性能的影响

使用Pt(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₂作为前驱体,通过过量浸渍法制备Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂,并将其在4种不同的气氛（H₂、O₂、NO或NH₃）中进行焙烧。利用N₂吸脱附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、CO脉冲吸附、CO原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（CO in situ DRIFTS）等手段对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明：由于还原性焙烧气氛导致了众多小尺寸和高分散的Pt纳米颗粒的生成,经1%（体积分数）H₂/N₂焙烧的Pt/Al₂O₃表现出最佳的CO和C₃H₆催化氧化性能。     

载体中ZrO2/Al2O3比对Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

相比汽油车而言,柴油车具有高效、低油耗的优势已得到广泛应用。本实验以ZrO₂作为改性剂,探究了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比对催化剂的影响。研究结果表明：随着ZrO₂的加入,Pt粒子先减小后增大;Pt粒子与载体的交互作用先增大后减小。活性实验数据分析表明,ZrO₂的最佳添加量为40 wt%,CO和C₃H₆完全氧化温度分别降低20 _oC 、25 _oC。贵金属在催化剂的分散度以及贵金属与载体的相互作用随着ZrO₂与Al₂O₃质量比的变化而变化。Pt粒子越小,其与载体的交互作用越强,这表明催化剂性能越强。     

双峰结构Mo-Si-B基体表面多层硅化物涂层的表征和抗氧化性能

由于在细晶Mo-Si-B合金中制备双峰分布的α-Mo晶粒能够在不显著降低合金强度的前提下大幅提高其断裂韧性,为了加强双峰结构合金的表面防护,同时保持其优异的力学性能,通过包埋渗在合金表面上制备了一个具有多层结构（MoSi₂,Mo₅Si₃和Mo₅SiB₂/MoB）的涂层。研究结果表明,相比在细晶结构基体上制备的涂层,双峰结构基体上的涂层表面较为粗糙,并且也表现出双峰分布的微观组织。此外,覆盖涂层后的双峰结构合金的断裂韧性依然良好,并且分布在涂层中的La₂O₃颗粒能够增韧涂层。具有涂层的双峰结构合金在1100~1300 ℃下展现出了卓越的抗氧化性,这是由于氧化过程中在涂层表面快速形成了一个薄且能自愈合的SiO₂-B₂O₃膜。随着氧化温度升高,SiO₂-B₂O₃膜的粘度降低,使得SiO₂-B₂O₃膜的厚度和氧化产物Mo₅Si₃均增加。并且,升高温度促进了Si和B的互扩散,加速了Mo₅Si₃和Mo₅SiB₂/MoB层的增长。在1300 ℃下,由于单峰结构的MoSi₂涂层拥有更多的晶界,使得含涂层的细晶合金相比含涂层的双峰结构合金表现出更多的氧化增重。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ErFeO3及其可见光催化性能研究

钙钛矿结构的ErFeO₃是一种新型的光催化材料。本文以Er(NO₃)₃.5H₂O、Fe(NO₃)₃×9H₂O、柠檬酸和尿素为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到ErFeO₃的凝胶,将凝胶于80 ℃烘箱中48 h得到干凝胶,然后将干凝胶于700-1000 ℃煅烧制备ErFeO₃。通过热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射谱(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和漫反射谱(DRS)等对ErFeO₃进行表征。以甲基橙溶液为模拟污水,研究了ErFeO₃的可见光催化性能。结果表明：制备得到了钙钛矿结构的ErFeO₃,其平均晶粒粒径为80-100 nm左右,带隙宽度为2.0 eV。在可见光光照下, ErFeO₃对甲基橙表现出了优良的可见光催化活性。溶胶-凝胶法制备的ErFeO₃在光催化降解有机污染物领域具有实际应用前景。     

高锆含量改性聚硼硅氮烷的合成与表征

本文通过Cp₂Zr(CH₂CH=CH₂)₂与液态聚硼硅氮烷(LPBSZ)在过氧化二异丙苯的作用下发生自由基共聚反应,制备了锆含量大于10wt%的含锆聚硼硅氮烷(PZC-PBSZ)。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、光电子能谱等方法研究了PZC-PBSZ的分子结构及合成机理。结果表明在先驱体的合成过程中,Cp₂Zr(CH₂CH=CH₂)₂除了自身发生自由基聚合反应外,还会与LPBSZ中的Si-H发生硅氢加成和取代反应,生成Zr-C和Zr-Si。通过TG-MS和₂₉Si MAS NMR分析表明,PZC-PBSZ先驱体中Cp、(CH₃)₃Si和(CH₃)₂SiH等官能团的脱除主要发生在400~800℃。当温度升高到800~1200℃后,先驱体基本无机化,主要发生SiHN₂C和SiN₃C结构向SiN₄结构的转变。PZC-PBSZ经1000℃以上高温热解后可以转化为ZrC纳米颗粒分布均匀在SiBNC基体的ZrC/SiBNC纳米复相陶瓷。经1800℃高温处理后,ZrC/SiBNC陶瓷仍保持均匀和晶粒细化的纳米晶结构。     

WO3添加量对超粗硬质合金微观结构及性能影响*

本文以WC、WO₃、Co、C为原料,通过原位细晶溶解-析出长大法制备了超粗硬质合金,并分析了不同WO₃添加量对合金微观结构及性能影响规律。结果表明：初始粉末中加入的WO₃和C在烧结过程中将发生原位一步还原碳化反应转化为高活性的细WC,促进溶解-析出长大现象,使超粗硬质合金WC平均晶粒度随着WO₃含量增加而增大。同时,WO₃添加能够减少粗WC晶粒微观缺陷和曲边的阶梯状表面,平直化晶粒边界,使其形貌趋于形成完整的三角棱柱体,其(0 0 0 1)晶面占比高,能够有效提高合金硬度,阻碍裂纹扩展,增加钴相韧性断裂比例。当WO₃添加量为4.20wt.%时,制备的超粗硬质合金具有最大的硬度(1085kgf/mm₂⁾和抗弯强度(2692MPa)。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.