La掺杂BiVO4微米球的水热合成和光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、NaVO3和La(NO3)3.5H2O为原料,以葡萄糖为结构导向剂,通过水热法制备La掺杂BiVO4微米球。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、FTIR、UV-Vis、BET、光催化技术等对产品进行了表征和分析。结果表明,采用葡萄糖(2.0 g)辅助水热法能合成结晶度高且形貌规整的单斜白钨矿La/BiVO4微米球,微米球直径范围为2~9μm,均由尺寸为30~65 nm纳米颗粒自组装而成。相比BiVO4块状颗粒,球状La/BiVO4的紫外?可见光吸收边发生了稍许红移,具有较小的能带隙(<2.4 eV),其中,2.0%La/BiVO4(质量分数)微米球表现出最高的光催化活性,其速度常数k为5.63×10?2 min?1,可见光照射10 mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液60 min时的光解率达100%。     

鱼骨状LaVO4：Eu^3＋纳米晶的水热合成和荧光性能

在弱碱性溶液中,采用改进的水热法合成鱼骨状LaVO4和LaVO4"Eu3+纳米晶体.用X射线衍射、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、紫外-可见光和荧光光谱(PL)研究样品的结构和发光性能,并探讨溶液pH值、反应时间和反应温度对产品形貌和颗粒大小的影响.结果说明:前驱体溶液的pH值对产品形貌起关键作用,而反应时间和温度仅改变产品颗粒的尺寸;水热反应有助于鱼骨状LaVO4:Eu3+晶体从单斜独居石型结构向四方锆石型的转变,而掺杂Eu3+的LaVO4的晶格对称性下降,而其荧光性却得到加强.     

B-Er共掺杂BiVO_4及对甲基橙的可见光光催化降解

采用柠檬酸络合法分别合成了B掺杂及B-Er共掺杂BiVO4可见光光催化剂,并对材料进行了XRD、SEM、EDS、BET和UV-vis等表征和分析。以光催化降解甲基橙溶液为探针反应,考察掺杂对BiVO4可见光催化活性的影响。结果表明:掺杂没有改变BiVO4晶型,掺杂前后均为单斜型,但B-Er共掺杂BiVO4的晶体粒径较单掺杂B和纯BiVO4减小。由UV-vis知,B-Er共掺杂BiVO4的光吸收强度大于单掺杂和纯BiVO4,光谱吸收红移程度大于单掺杂。B和Er共掺杂纳米BiVO4光催化剂产生协同效应,其光催化性能优于单掺杂B。当固定B为4%掺杂时,Er掺杂量为1%制备的B-Er共掺杂BiVO4,60 min对甲基橙的降解率达96.62%,较单掺杂B(37%)和纯样(20%)有明显提高。     

缓冲溶液对单相锐钛矿纳米TiO2表面吸附及可见光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为反应前驱物,在丙酮溶剂中采用有机溶剂水热法合成了纳米TiO2粉体.通过X-射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和差热-热失重(DTA-TG)等手段分析了物相结构、颗粒尺寸和吸附特性,采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)手段,通过在不同pH值和组成的缓冲溶液中进行超声处理的方法考察样品表面吸附的有机物状态变化及其对可见光催化性能的影响.UV-Vis测试结果表明在250 nm处的有机溶出物量随超声处理液pH值的增加先增加后减小,溶液为中性时达到最大值.可见光下(≥450 nm)降解甲基橙的结果表明,样品光催化活性不仅和表面吸附的有机物有关,同时受到溶液的pH值及所含阴离子种类的影响.     

微波水热法合成花状纳米ZnO及其光催化活性(英文)

使用氯化锌和精氨酸作为反应物,通过简单的微波水热技术制备花状纳米氧化锌。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对所合成的纳米氧化锌进行晶体结构和形貌的表征。通过拉曼光谱和光致发光(PL)光谱对纳米氧化锌的光学性能进行研究,证实了合成物为高结晶度的纳米氧化锌。在紫外光辐射下,合成的ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)有较好的效果,紫外光催化2h后亚甲基蓝的降解率达到95.60%。ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝可以描叙为一级动力学反应,降解速率常数在1.0675～1.6275h-1的范围中,这与所合成的ZnO形貌有关。     

TiO_2/石墨烯-Fe_3O_4磁性三元复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

以改进的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯为原料,采用共沉淀法获得磁性的石墨烯-Fe_3O_4载体,进而采用水热法制备出TiO_2/石墨烯-Fe_3O_4磁性三元复合光催化剂。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及固体紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)对产物进行表征,并通过在紫外光和可见光下对亚甲基蓝的降解来评价复合光催化剂的催化性能及稳定性能。结果表明,Ti O_2/石墨烯-Fe_3O_4磁性三元复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解符合拟一级动力学模型。该复合催化剂在紫外光和可见光下均具有较好的光催化性能,且催化活性均高于纯Ti O_2。石墨烯由于担当了载体和电子受体,增强了Ti O_2在可见光区域的吸收,能有效提高对目标污染物的光催化降解活性,同时通过添加磁性Fe_3O_4,进一步提高了其回收再利用性。     

PVP辅助混合溶剂热法制备高可见光催化活性的花状Bi_2WO_6催化剂

以表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为结构导向剂,在乙二醇-水混合溶剂热条件下合成由纳米片组装而成的具有高可见光催化活性的花状Bi2WO6催化剂。并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外漫反射(UV-DRS)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,降低前驱液pH值,可得到正交晶系钨铋矿型结构的Bi2WO6光催化剂,其中pH值为1.0时、以1.0 g PVP辅助混合溶剂热法制备的Bi2WO6晶体呈花状,其直径为1.5~2.5μm。相比未添加PVP制备的片状Bi2WO6颗粒,花状Bi2WO6样品的紫外-可见光吸收边发生红移,其能带隙减小至2.51 eV,比表面积增大。可见光催化降解甲基橙溶液的结果表明,以花状Bi2WO6样品为光催化剂,可见光照射6 min、浓度为10 mg/L甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达到100%,循环使用5次后其光催化活性并没有明显降低,证明Bi2WO6是一种稳定有效的实用可见光催化剂。     

离子液体辅助阳极氧化法制备N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列及其光催化性能研究（英文）

以HF水溶液为电解液,离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[BMIM]BF_4)为N源,采用阳极氧化法制备N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、晶型和氮元素的掺杂方式进行分析。以球形氙灯为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物测试N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的光催化活性。结果表明,N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率明显高于未掺杂的TiO_2纳米管阵列。这是因为N掺杂后不仅使TiO_2禁带宽度变窄,并且N掺杂进入TiO_2晶格中形成O-Ti-N键和Ti-O-N键,使氧空位数量增加,从而使其光催化活性提高。     

载银纳米粒子聚乙烯醇(PVA)的一锅合成及其亚甲基蓝催化还原效率（英文）

用聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为还原剂和封端剂合成稳定的银纳米粒子,采用立体稳定法将银纳米粒子掺入聚合物基体中。用紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段表征掺入聚合物基体中的银纳米粒子。紫外-可见光谱结果表明合成的银纳米粒子的特征峰为426 nm,透射电子显微镜表明银纳米粒子为球形,尺寸为10~13 nm,接着用紫外光照射还原,然后采用紫外-可见光谱分析其催化性能。结果表明,合成的银纳米粒子在亚甲基蓝还原中具有良好的催化性能。     

煅烧温度对乙二醇溶胶-凝胶法制备BiVO_4光催化性能的影响

采用乙二醇溶胶-凝胶法制备了BiVO4光催化剂样品,并研究了不同煅烧温度对样品的形貌及光催化活性的影响。并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis)等手段对样品进行表征和分析。在可见光照射下,通过光催化降解甲基橙溶液来评价不同煅烧温度对BiVO4光催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,所制备的材料均为单斜型BiVO4,并且随着煅烧温度的提高,样品的晶粒逐渐长大。当煅烧温度为550℃时,所制备的催化剂禁带宽度最小,表现出较高的催化活性,光照50min对甲基橙的脱色率高达66%左右。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.